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Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology

Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 276
Release: 1991
Genre: Immunologists
ISBN: 019506447X

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This fascinating intellectual history is the first critical study of the work of Elie Metchnikoff, the founding father of modern immunology. Metchnikoff authored and championed the theory that phagocytic cells actively defend the host body against pathogens and diseased cells. His program developed from comparative embryological studies that sought to establish genealogical relations between species at the dawn of the Darwinian revolution. In this scientific biography, Tauber and Chernyak explore ore Metchnikoff's development as an embryologist, showing how it prepared him to propose his theory of host-pathogen interaction. They discuss the profound impact of Darwin's theory of evolution on Metchnikoff's progress, and the influence of 19th century debates on vitalism, teleology, and mechanism. As a case study of scientific discovery, this work offers lucid insight into the process of creative science and its dependence on cultural and philosophic sources. Immunologists and historians of science and medicine will find it an absorbing and accessible account of a remarkable individual.


Immunity

Immunity
Author: Luba Vikhanski
Publisher: Chicago Review Press
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2016-04-01
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1613731132

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Around Christmas of 1882, while peering through a microscope at starfish larvae in which he had inserted tiny thorns, Russian zoologist Elie Metchnikoff had a brilliant insight: what if the mobile cells he saw gathering around the thorns were nothing but a healing force in action? Metchnikoff's daring theory of immunity—that voracious cells he called phagocytes formed the first line of defense against invading bacteria—would eventually earn the scientist a Nobel Prize, shared with his archrival, as well as the unofficial moniker "Father of Natural Immunity." But first he had to win over skeptics, especially those who called his theory "an oriental fairy tale." Using previously inaccessible archival materials, author Luba Vikhanski chronicles Metchnikoff's remarkable life and discoveries in the first moder n biography of this hero of medicine. Metchnikoff was a towering figure in the scientific community of the early twentieth century, a tireless humanitarian who, while working at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, also strived to curb the spread of cholera, syphilis, and other deadly diseases. In his later years, he startled the world with controversial theories on longevity, launching a global craze for yogurt, and pioneered research into gut microbes and aging. Though Metchnikoff was largely forgotten for nearly a hundred years, Vikhanski documents a remarkable revival of interest in his ideas on immunity and on the gut flora in the science of the twenty-first century.


Immunity

Immunity
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2017
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0190651245

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Machine generated contents note: -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: A History of the Immune Self -- Chapter 2: Whither Immune Identity? -- Chapter 3: Individuality Revised -- Chapter 4: Immune Cognition -- Chapter 5: Eco-immunology -- Chapter 6: A New Biology? -- Epilogue -- Endnotes -- References. 650


A History of Immunology

A History of Immunology
Author: Arthur M. Silverstein
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 445
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0080925839

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This is a professional-level intellectual history of the development of immunology from about 1720 to about 1970. Beginning with the work and insights of the early immunologists in the 18th century, Silverstein traces the development of the major ideas which have formed immunology down to the maturation of the discipline in the decade following the Second World War. Emphasis is placed on the philosophic and sociologic climate of the scientific milieu in which immunology has developed, providing a background to the broad culture of the discipline. A professional-level intellectual history of the development of immunology from about 1720 to 1970, with emphasis placed on the social climate of the scientific milieu in which modern immunology evolved Written by an author very well known both as a historian of medical science and for his substantial research contributions to the immunopathology of the eye The only complete history of immunology available


The Generation of Diversity

The Generation of Diversity
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 532
Release: 2000
Genre: Antibody diversity
ISBN: 9780674001824

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This book is an intellectual history of the major theoretical problem in immunology and its resolution in the post-World War II period. In recent years immunology has been one of the most exciting--and successful--fields of biomedical research; this book provides essential background for understanding the conceptual conflicts occurring in the field.


The Immune Self

The Immune Self
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 370
Release: 1994
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780521574433

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The Immune Self is the first extended philosophical critique of immunology.


Immunity

Immunity
Author: Alfred I. Tauber
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2017-01-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0190651261

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Modern immunology traditionally conceives of the immune system as providing defense against pathogens. Alfred I. Tauber criticizes this conception of immunity as too narrow, because it discounts much of the immune system's other normal functions. These include active tolerance of nutritional exchanges with the environment and the stabilization of cooperative relationships with resident micro-organisms. An expanded account extends immunity's functional role from singular 'defense' to broadened discernment of environmental 'exchange.' This ecological perspective has profound theoretical implications, for the basic notion of immune identity is reconfigured: highlighting the organism as a holobiont (a consortium of diverse organisms living in cooperative relationships) challenges prevailing concepts of individuality and the self/nonself dichotomy heretofore organizing immune theory. Indeed, if theoretical interest is focused on the challenges of maintaining immune balance in the full ecological context of the organism, then immune regulation assumes new complexity. Tauber maintains that the key to unravelling that puzzle requires a critical re-assessment of the cognitive processes that underlie immune effector functions. Accordingly, he provides the outline of a re-formulated 'cognitive paradigm' that dispenses with agent-based models and adopts an ecologically conceived understanding of perception and information processing. The implications of this revised configuration of immunity and its deconstructed notions of individuality and selfhood have wide significance for philosophers and life scientists working in immunology, ecology, and the cognitive sciences.


Paul Ehrlich's Receptor Immunology

Paul Ehrlich's Receptor Immunology
Author: Arthur M. Silverstein
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 231
Release: 2001-11-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0080538517

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Paul Ehrlich's Receptor Immunology: The Magnificent Obsession describes the background to Paul Ehrlich's immunological works and theories and delves into the substance of his experiments in great detail. By exploring these early developments in immunology, the book lays the foundation for modern concepts, providing immunologists, biomedical researchers, and students the context for the discoveries in their field. The selectionist theory of antibody formation Kinetics of primary and secondary antibody response Quantitative methods of measurement of antigens and antibody Demonstration of passive transfer of immunity from mother to foetus


Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916

Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916
Author: Olga Metchnikoff
Publisher: Legare Street Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-07-18
Genre:
ISBN: 9781020494819

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This compelling biography offers a detailed look at the life and work of Elie Metchnikoff, a pioneering biologist who made many important contributions to the field of immunology. Written by Metchnikoff's wife, Olga Mechnikova, this book provides a fascinating glimpse into Metchnikoff's personal and professional life, including his groundbreaking research on the immune system. A must-read for anyone interested in the history of science and medicine. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.


The Evolutionary Biology Papers of Elie Metchnikoff

The Evolutionary Biology Papers of Elie Metchnikoff
Author: H. Gourko
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: History
ISBN: 9401593817

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Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), winner of the Nobel Prize in 1907 for his contributions to immunology, was first a comparative zoologist, who, working in the wake of Darwin's On the Origin of Species, made seminal contributions to evolutionary biology. His work in comparative embryology is best known in regard to the debates with Ernst Haeckel concerning animal genealogical relationships and the theoretical origins of metazoans. But independent of those polemics, Metchnikoff developed his `phagocytosis theory' of immunity as a result of his early comparative embryology research, and only in examining the full breadth of his work do we appreciate his signal originality. Metchnikoff's scientific papers have remained largely untranslated into English. Assembled here, annotated and edited, are the key evolutionary biology papers dating from Metchnikoff's earliest writings (1865) to the texts of his mature period of the 1890s, which will serve as an invaluable resource for those interested in the historical development of evolutionary biology.