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Author | : Richard T. Longoria |
Publisher | : Lexington Books |
Total Pages | : 178 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 9780739123485 |
Download Meritocracy and Americans' Views on Distributive Justice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book focuses on public opinion on issues related to the theory of meritocracy. It employs survey data from a variety of sources in an attempt to understand public sentiments, highlighting the contradictory nature of American public opinion and questioning the belief that Americans fully embrace the meritocratic ethos.
Author | : Richard T. Longoria |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 275 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781109830149 |
Download Meritocracy and Americans' Views on Distributive Justice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The dissertation analyzes Americans' views on distributive justice and asks whether and to what extent Americans support meritocratic ideals. The project finds that Americans are ambivalent in their views towards meritocracy. They believe that intelligence and hard work should be rewarded, but they also support inherited wealth, seniority pay, and the distribution of educational opportunities through the market. This project contributes much to the existing literature on public opinion and meritocracy because it finds that Americans are not as meritocratic as other studies have found. For example, Lipset and others have found that Americans support meritocratic ideals. It has also been shown that Americans believe that the US is a meritocratic society where intelligence and hard work is actually rewarded. Data from the International Social Justice Project, General Social Survey, World Values Survey and many public opinion polls are used in this project and confirm the previous findings.
Author | : Jennifer L. Hochschild |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 364 |
Release | : 1981 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780674950870 |
Download What's Fair? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Using a long questionnaire and in-depth interviews, Hochschild examines the ideals and contemporary practices of Americans on the subject of distributive justice, and discovers neither the rich nor the nonrich support the downward redistribution of wealth.
Author | : Thomas Mulligan |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 2017-12-12 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1351980777 |
Download Justice and the Meritocratic State Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Like American politics, the academic debate over justice is polarized, with almost all theories of justice falling within one of two traditions: egalitarianism and libertarianism. This book provides an alternative to the partisan standoff by focusing not on equality or liberty, but on the idea that we should give people the things that they deserve. Mulligan sets forth a theory of economic justice—meritocracy—which rests upon a desert principle and is distinctive from existing work in two ways. First, meritocracy is grounded in empirical research on how human beings think, intuitively, about justice. Research in social psychology and experimental economics reveals that people simply don’t think that social goods should be distributed equally, nor do they dismiss the idea of social justice. Across ideological and cultural lines, people believe that rewards should reflect merit. Second, the book discusses hot-button political issues and makes concrete policy recommendations. These issues include anti-meritocratic bias against women and racial minorities and the United States’ widening economic inequality. Justice and the Meritocratic State offers a new theory of justice and provides solutions to our most vexing social and economic problems. It will be of keen interest to philosophers, economists, and political theorists.
Author | : Thomas Mulligan |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 318 |
Release | : 2017-12-12 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 1351980769 |
Download Justice and the Meritocratic State Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Like American politics, the academic debate over justice is polarized, with almost all theories of justice falling within one of two traditions: egalitarianism and libertarianism. This book provides an alternative to the partisan standoff by focusing not on equality or liberty, but on the idea that we should give people the things that they deserve. Mulligan sets forth a theory of economic justice—meritocracy—which rests upon a desert principle and is distinctive from existing work in two ways. First, meritocracy is grounded in empirical research on how human beings think, intuitively, about justice. Research in social psychology and experimental economics reveals that people simply don’t think that social goods should be distributed equally, nor do they dismiss the idea of social justice. Across ideological and cultural lines, people believe that rewards should reflect merit. Second, the book discusses hot-button political issues and makes concrete policy recommendations. These issues include anti-meritocratic bias against women and racial minorities and the United States’ widening economic inequality. Justice and the Meritocratic State offers a new theory of justice and provides solutions to our most vexing social and economic problems. It will be of keen interest to philosophers, economists, and political theorists.
Author | : Paul Gregory Mitchell |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Judgements of Social Justice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Michael J. Sandel |
Publisher | : Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2020-09-15 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0374720991 |
Download The Tyranny of Merit Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A Times Literary Supplement’s Book of the Year 2020 A New Statesman's Best Book of 2020 A Bloomberg's Best Book of 2020 A Guardian Best Book About Ideas of 2020 The world-renowned philosopher and author of the bestselling Justice explores the central question of our time: What has become of the common good? These are dangerous times for democracy. We live in an age of winners and losers, where the odds are stacked in favor of the already fortunate. Stalled social mobility and entrenched inequality give the lie to the American credo that "you can make it if you try". The consequence is a brew of anger and frustration that has fueled populist protest and extreme polarization, and led to deep distrust of both government and our fellow citizens--leaving us morally unprepared to face the profound challenges of our time. World-renowned philosopher Michael J. Sandel argues that to overcome the crises that are upending our world, we must rethink the attitudes toward success and failure that have accompanied globalization and rising inequality. Sandel shows the hubris a meritocracy generates among the winners and the harsh judgement it imposes on those left behind, and traces the dire consequences across a wide swath of American life. He offers an alternative way of thinking about success--more attentive to the role of luck in human affairs, more conducive to an ethic of humility and solidarity, and more affirming of the dignity of work. The Tyranny of Merit points us toward a hopeful vision of a new politics of the common good.
Author | : Daniel Markovits |
Publisher | : Penguin |
Total Pages | : 450 |
Release | : 2020-09-08 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0735222010 |
Download The Meritocracy Trap Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A revolutionary new argument from eminent Yale Law professor Daniel Markovits attacking the false promise of meritocracy It is an axiom of American life that advantage should be earned through ability and effort. Even as the country divides itself at every turn, the meritocratic ideal – that social and economic rewards should follow achievement rather than breeding – reigns supreme. Both Democrats and Republicans insistently repeat meritocratic notions. Meritocracy cuts to the heart of who we are. It sustains the American dream. But what if, both up and down the social ladder, meritocracy is a sham? Today, meritocracy has become exactly what it was conceived to resist: a mechanism for the concentration and dynastic transmission of wealth and privilege across generations. Upward mobility has become a fantasy, and the embattled middle classes are now more likely to sink into the working poor than to rise into the professional elite. At the same time, meritocracy now ensnares even those who manage to claw their way to the top, requiring rich adults to work with crushing intensity, exploiting their expensive educations in order to extract a return. All this is not the result of deviations or retreats from meritocracy but rather stems directly from meritocracy’s successes. This is the radical argument that Daniel Markovits prosecutes with rare force. Markovits is well placed to expose the sham of meritocracy. Having spent his life at elite universities, he knows from the inside the corrosive system we are trapped within. Markovits also knows that, if we understand that meritocratic inequality produces near-universal harm, we can cure it. When The Meritocracy Trap reveals the inner workings of the meritocratic machine, it also illuminates the first steps outward, towards a new world that might once again afford dignity and prosperity to the American people.
Author | : Parco Sin |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download The Effects of Meritocracy Beliefs on Evaluations of Pay Dispersion Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study investigates the relation between Americans' meritocracy beliefs and their evaluations of pay dispersion at three fictional American organizations. The current research draws on existing theories, including tournament theory and distributive justice theory, to investigate factors that affect people's evaluations of pay dispersion. 637 participants, recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, completed two online surveys, and rated the degree to which they believed outcomes (e.g., jobs, rewards) were (and should have been) distributed based on merit. They also reported how they felt about various levels of pay dispersion. The results indicated that individuals rated high levels of pay dispersion less positively than low levels of pay dispersion. As well, more people perceived that meritocracy existed, the more positively they evaluated pay dispersion. This relation was mediated by people's perceptions of equity and their perceptions of whether pay dispersion benefited organizations. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
Author | : Leslie McCall |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 319 |
Release | : 2013-03-29 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1107355230 |
Download The Undeserving Rich Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
It is widely assumed that Americans care little about income inequality, believe opportunities abound, admire the rich, and dislike redistributive policies. Leslie McCall contends that such assumptions are based on both incomplete survey data and economic conditions of the past and not present. In fact, Americans have desired less inequality for decades, and McCall's book explains why. Americans become most concerned about inequality in times of inequitable growth, when they view the rich as prospering while opportunities for good jobs, fair pay and high quality education are restricted for everyone else. As a result, they favor policies to expand opportunity and redistribute earnings in the workplace, reducing inequality in the market rather than redistributing income after the fact with tax and spending policies. This book resolves the paradox of how Americans can express little enthusiasm for welfare state policies and still yearn for a more equitable society, and forwards a new model of preferences about income inequality rooted in labor market opportunities rather than welfare state policies.