Medieval Theories of Distinction
Author | : Sandra Stanton Edwards |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 956 |
Release | : 1974 |
Genre | : Ontology |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Sandra Stanton Edwards |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 956 |
Release | : 1974 |
Genre | : Ontology |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Peter Adamson |
Publisher | : University of Notre Dame Pess |
Total Pages | : 249 |
Release | : 2022-10-15 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0268203385 |
How do we judge whether we should be willing to follow the views of experts or whether we ought to try to come to our own, independent views? This book seeks the answer in medieval philosophical thought. In this engaging study into the history of philosophy and epistemology, Peter Adamson provides an answer to a question as relevant today as it was in the medieval period: how and when should we turn to the authoritative expertise of other people in forming our own beliefs? He challenges us to reconsider our approach to this question through a constructive recovery of the intellectual and cultural traditions of the Islamic world, the Byzantine Empire, and Latin Christendom. Adamson begins by foregrounding the distinction in Islamic philosophy between taqlīd, or the uncritical acceptance of authority, and ijtihād, or judgment based on independent effort, the latter of which was particularly prized in Islamic law, theology, and philosophy during the medieval period. He then demonstrates how the Islamic tradition paves the way for the development of what he calls a “justified taqlīd,” according to which one develops the skills necessary to critically and selectively follow an authority based on their reliability. The book proceeds to reconfigure our understanding of the relation between authority and independent thought in the medieval world by illuminating how women found spaces to assert their own intellectual authority, how medieval writers evaluated the authoritative status of Plato and Aristotle, and how independent reasoning was deployed to defend one Abrahamic faith against the other. This clear and eloquently written book will interest scholars in and enthusiasts of medieval philosophy, Islamic studies, Byzantine studies, and the history of thought.
Author | : Joshua Blander |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 161 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Theories of distinctions surface some of the most fundamental elements of metaphysical and logical inquiry. For many medieval philosophers, theories of distinctions provided some semblance of rational order and unity to metaphysical, logical and theological questions. The two philosophers on which I focus, John Duns Scotus and William Ockham, discuss distinctions and metaphysical adjuncts in a variety of philosophical and theological contexts. When discussing Scotus, I emphasize his development of a robust theory of identity and distinction. I give special attention to his accounts of what he calls qualified non-identity or qualified distinction, which he surprisingly says is compatible with real identity. When I turn my attention to Ockham, I focus on his use of the real distinction in the context of the common fourteenth century disputes about universals. The question of separability has long been a central one for various theories of distinctions. Students of medieval philosophy who have interacted with Scotus's theory of distinctions have generally assumed two distinct claims: (1) that the real distinction entails separability; and (2) that the formal distinction entails inseparability. I raise concerns for both of those claims. The rejection of assumption (2) depends on a careful (and controversial) reading of Scotus's account. On the other hand, the rejection of (1) is comparatively straightforward, though perhaps still controversial. Ockham's interesting claims about universals make reference only to the real distinction (or its denial). Thus the emphasis in what follows is on Ockham's account of the real distinction and the proper conditions for separability when such a distinction obtains. Because Ockham's account of the distinctions is simpler than Scotus's in important ways, the discussion of separability might initially seem like it ought to be simpler as well. Surprisingly, Ockham's account of separability in relation to the real distinction - the only relevant case, since he denies the general usefulness of the formal distinction - is complicated, and he seems to deny that separability is possible in every case in which a real distinction obtains.
Author | : Russell L. Friedman |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 207 |
Release | : 2010-01-21 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0521117143 |
A survey of the scholastic debate on the divine Trinity in the period between Aquinas' earliest works and Ockham's death.
Author | : Aristotle |
Publisher | : YouHui Culture Publishing Company |
Total Pages | : 61 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : |
CATEGORIES by Aristotle translated by E. M. Edghill 1 Things are said to be named 'equivocally' when, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. Thus, a real man and a figure in a picture can both lay claim to the name 'animal'; yet these are equivocally so named, for, though they have a common name, the definition corresponding with the name differs for each. For should any one define in what sense each is an animal, his definition in the one case will be appropriate to that case only. On the other hand, things are said to be named 'univocally' which have both the name and the definition answering to the name in common. A man and an ox are both 'animal', and these are univocally so named, inasmuch as not only the name, but also the definition, is the same in both cases: for if a man should state in what sense each is an animal, the statement in the one case would be identical with that in the other. Things are said to be named 'derivatively', which derive their name from some other name, but differ from it in termination. Thus the grammarian derives his name from the word 'grammar', and the courageous man from the word 'courage'.
Author | : Mark G. Henninger |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 216 |
Release | : 1989 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : |
Scholars have known that a variety of medieval theories on relation existed, but no full-length systematic study has been attempted until now. With this book Henninger fills an important gap in our knowledge of medieval philosophy. Dealing with such varied thinkers as Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, Richard of Mediavilla, John Duns Scotus, Henry of Harclay, William of Ockham, and Peter Aureoli, the book will interest anyone concerned with late medieval philosophy and the transition to the early modern period.
Author | : Mikko Posti |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 303 |
Release | : 2020-04-20 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9004429727 |
In Medieval Theories of Divine Providence 1250-1350 Mikko Posti presents a historical and philosophical study of the doctrine of divine providence in 13th- and 14th-century Latin philosophical theology.
Author | : Michael Barnwell |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2010-09-14 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 900418743X |
Through insightful interpretations of the action theories propounded by Aristotle, Anselm, Aquinas, Scotus, and Suárez, this book demonstrates the philosophical and theological importance of negligent omissions and constructs a model by which the problem of their voluntariness can be solved.
Author | : Joshua Blander |
Publisher | : Shekharhb |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2023-05-27 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 9781835200476 |
Ever since the waning of medieval scholasticism, critics of the intellectual activity of the period have mocked medieval philosophers for their obsession with so-called metaphysical minutiae. Humanists frequently suggested that the medievals had lost track of what was valuable in philosophizing. One topic of regular scorn for such philosophers was the continual attention to the development of theories of distinctions, for one major task to which medieval philosophers directed their considerable talents was working out careful theories of distinctions. When someone jokingly asks "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?" she is invoking one pejorative way of invoking the medieval concern with various sorts of distinctions. To those without ears to hear, such a question can seem foolish or pointless.
Author | : |
Publisher | : BRILL |
Total Pages | : 559 |
Release | : 2013-10-10 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9004260234 |
In 1962–1967 Professor L.M. de Rijk published his Logica Modernorum – A Contribution to the History of Early Terminist Logic. The first part (1962) has the title: On the Twelfth Century Theories of Fallacy. The second part (two volumes, 1967) has as title: The Origin and the Early Development of the Theory of Supposition. De Rijk’s Logica Modernorum provides the basis for the modern study of medieval theories of supposition. Now, nearly 50 years later, scholars have made great progress in the study of the properties of terms. De Rijk’s study was primarily about the early development of terminist logic, i.e. during the 12th and 13th centuries. Scholars have also investigated later developments well into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Not only logical texts, but also texts on grammar have been published. Many of the scholars who have contributed to this development, present papers in this volume. Contributors are Fabrizio Amerini, Jenny Ashworth, Allan Bäck, Bert Bos, Julie Brumberg-Chaumont, Laurent Cesalli, Lambert Marie de Rijk, Sten Ebbesen, Alessandro Conti, Catarina Dutilh-Novaes, Onno Kneepkens, Costantino Marmo, Dafne Mure, Claude Panaccio, Ernesto Perini Santos, Joel Lonfat, Angel d’Ors, Göran Sundholm and Luisa Valente.