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| Author | : Diana Angelis |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 20 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Measuring Transaction Costs in DoD Acquisition Programs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper reports the preliminary results of a study to explore the influence of transaction costs on Department of Defense (DoD) cost estimates. It is an extension of previous work that established that Transaction Cost Economics has promising explanatory power in terms of costs of major DoD acquisition programs. The current work explores methods of measuring transaction costs as a first step in improving estimation methods by including explanatory variables that capture the coordination and motivation problems associated with a program. The preliminary results indicate that it is possible to measure contractor Systems Engineering/Program Management (SEPM) costs as a proxy for transaction costs. The ratio of SEPM to total costs was examined for two case studies (Javelin and ATACMS) for which ex-ante indicators of transaction costs had been assessed. The results are consistent in that the program with ex-ante indicators that indicated higher transaction costs also had a significantly higher SEPM ratio. Further research is required to better establish the relationship between transaction costs indicators and the quality of DoD cost estimates.
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Exploring the Implications of Transaction Cost Economics on Joint and System-of-systems Programs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
As the Department of Defense (DoD) moves from the single-system, platform-centric paradigm to the capabilities-based paradigm, the scope and complexity of solutions are growing. The increasing emphasis on joint service and system-of-systems (SoS) capabilities has created both opportunities and challenges for materiel acquisition. A key barrier that needs to be overcome for the DoD to achieve the promises of joint service and SoS programs involves the challenge of "transaction costs." These are the less visible, but nonetheless significant, costs of negotiating, managing and monitoring transactions. In an effort to identify the effect of transaction costs on more complex acquisition programs, this paper examines cost and schedule breaches in a subset of Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAP) that includes a sample of 84 programs, divided into "joint service" and "traditional" (single service) acquisition programs, and "single system" and "system-of-systems" (SoS) programs. The results suggest there is a statistically significant higher risk of cost and schedule breaches in SoS programs than in single system acquisition programs. This paper contributes to a broader study that eventually needs to be conducted that will evaluate the benefits and costs of increased reliance on joint service and SoS programs.
| Author | : Michael J. Sullivan |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 22 |
| Release | : 2010-10 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1437914748 |
Download Defense Acquisitions: Measuring the Value of DoD¿s Weapon Programs Requires Starting with Realistic Baselines Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 2006, the cumulative cost growth in DoD¿s portfolio of 96 major defense acquisition programs was $296 billion and the average delay in delivering promised capabilities to the warfighter was 22 months. These are very poor outcomes. The auditor has used metrics to review the mgmt. and health of these programs from within the framework of best practices. This testimony discusses: (1) ¿knowledge metrics,¿ used to determine how well programs manage tech., design, and manufacturing risks; (2) outcome metrics -- concerning cost, schedule, and capability -- that serve as ¿health indicators¿ of how well programs are being executed in terms of predicted outcomes; and (3) the prerequisites that must be met in order for a program¿s plans and goals to be realistic.
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 57 |
| Release | : 2007 |
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Download Applying Insights from Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) to Improve DoD Cost Estimation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The purpose of this report is to explore the possibility of improving DoD cost estimation methods by including explanatory variables that capture the coordination and motivation problems associated with the program. Accordingly, we note that cost overruns remain a well documented and significant problem for DoD, and consider why that problem continues. We review the current state (and limitations) of DoD cost estimation methodology and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE). We then consider reasons why including TCE explanatory variables might (or might not) improve cost estimation. To explore the potential contribution of TCE variables, we considered two cases of Army surface-to-surface missiles: Javelin and the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS); we also analyzed standard program cost data bases for indications of transaction costs. While the case studies indicated that TCE variables have promise in improving the explanatory power of cost estimates, the standard data bases are poorly designed (at best) to shed light on program transaction costs. Our policy conclusion is that the complete costs of major transactions together with key characteristics of the market, need to be captured and understood in order to properly anticipate the full costs of major defense acquisition programs.
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| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2006 |
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Download Measuring the Statutory and Regulatory Constraints on DoD Acquisition: Research Design for an Empirical Study Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Over the past two decades, multiple studies have attempted to estimate the cost to major weapon system programs of complying with acquisition-related statutes and regulations. Most studies investigated the cost of compliance only at the contractor level, though program offices, the Services, and OSD would also incur such costs. A majority of these studies defined compliance cost as the additional cost of doing business with DoD. Despite substantial research in this area, few studies based their findings on actual, measured costs. Instead, most based their results on anecdote rather than the systematic collection of empirical data. Compliance with statutes and regulations is imbedded in the working culture of the DoD organization. Personnel are taught to comply during their acquisition training, and they do not know another way of doing business. A two-star Program Executive Officer described the acquisition system as a sandbox that he knows and understands, and opined that it was not in his interest to spend what little time he had to manage his programs fighting to lower the height of the walls of that sandbox, even if that would make his and his staff's jobs easier. The high degree to which compliance is institutionalized in a culture and in a set of processes creates an inherent difficulty in quantifying the cost of that compliance. This research focuses on costs at the government program office level, primarily because it is program managers and their staff who complain that compliance with some statutes or regulations is burdensome, and that burden translates into adverse outcomes in terms of cost, schedule, and performance. One way of capturing actual costs at the government program office level is to track the actual labor hours spent by program office staff complying with a certain statute or regulation. Linking these compliance activities to program deliverables that are in the critical path shows their effect on cost and schedule outcomes.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 51 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Application of Transaction Cost Economics to Capabilities-Based Acquisition: Exploring Single Service Vs. Joint Service Programs and Single Systems Vs. System-of-Systems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The US Department of Defense (DoD) is in the process of radical transformation -- transformation to a national security strategy predicated on joint Service purchases and complex System-of-Systems (SoS) capabilities. This paper contributes to a broader study that eventually needs to be conducted to evaluate the benefits and costs of increased reliance on joint Service SoS programs. The DoD's increasing emphasis on joint Service SoS capabilities has created both opportunities and challenges for materiel acquisition. In terms of improving the effectiveness of warfighting capabilities, the opportunity exists for joint, interoperable, multi-function, multimission systems that leverage information dominance and improve decisions and outcomes by making US and coalition forces not only better informed, but more coordinated, faster and more adaptive. In terms of efficiencies, multiple opportunities exist for joint programs to cut "economic production costs" for instance, by reducing duplication, by exploiting learning curves, and by achieving economies of scale and scope in manufacturing, and in operations and support activities (e.g., joint training and logistics). However, there is a dark side. A key barrier needs to be overcome for the DoD to achieve the promises of joint Service SoS programs. This involves the challenge of transaction (coordination and motivation) costs. These are the less visible, but nonetheless significant, costs of negotiating, managing and monitoring transactions.
| Author | : Francois Melese |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 469 |
| Release | : 2015-03-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1317531728 |
Download Military Cost-Benefit Analysis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This is the first comprehensive book on Military Cost-Benefit Analysis and provides novel approaches to structuring cost-benefit and affordability analysis amidst an uncertain defense environment and cloudy fiscal prospects. Lifting the veil on military Cost-Benefit Analysis, this volume offers several new practical tools designed to guide defense investments (and divestments), combined with a selection of real-world applications. The widespread employment of Cost-Benefit Analysis offers a unique opportunity to transform legacy defense forces into efficient, effective, and accountable 21st century organizations. A synthesis of economics, statistics and decision theory, CBA is currently used in a wide range of defense applications in countries around the world: i) to shape national security strategy, ii) to set acquisition policy, and iii) to inform critical investments in people, equipment, infrastructure, services and supplies. As sovereign debt challenges squeeze national budgets, and emerging threats disrupt traditional notions of security, this volume offers valuable tools to navigate the political landscape, meet calls for fiscal accountability, and boost the effectiveness of defense investments to help guarantee future peace and stability. A valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, novices and experts, this book offers a comprehensive overview of Military Cost-Benefit Analysis and will appeal to anyone interested or involved in improving national security, and will also be of general interest to those responsible for major government programs, projects or policies.
| Author | : Chihiro Suematsu |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 273 |
| Release | : 2014-08-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 331906889X |
Download Transaction Cost Management Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
All organizations, institutions, business processes, markets and strategies have one aim in common: the reduction of transaction costs. This aim is pursued relentlessly in practice, and has been perceived to bring about drastic changes, especially in the recent global market and the cyber economy. This book analyzes and describes “transactions” as a model, on the basis of which organizations, institutions and business processes can be appropriately shaped. It tracks transaction costs to enable a scientific approach instead of a widely used “state-of-the-art” approach, working to bridge the gap between theory and practice. This open access book analyzes and describes “transactions” as a model...
| Author | : Omb |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 534 |
| Release | : 2019-06-29 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781077077607 |
Download Circular No. A-11 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The June 2019 OMB Circular No. A-11 provides guidance on preparing the FY 2021 Budget and instructions on budget execution. Released in June 2019, it's printed in two volumes. This is Volume I. Your budget submission to OMB should build on the President's commitment to advance the vision of a Federal Government that spends taxpayer dollars more efficiently and effectively and to provide necessary services in support of key National priorities while reducing deficits. OMB looks forward to working closely with you in the coming months to develop a budget request that supports the President's vision. Most of the changes in this update are technical revisions and clarifications, and the policy requirements are largely unchanged. The summary of changes to the Circular highlights the changes made since last year. This Circular supersedes all previous versions. VOLUME I Part 1-General Information Part 2-Preparation and Submission of Budget Estimates Part 3-Selected Actions Following Transmittal of The Budget Part 4-Instructions on Budget Execution VOLUME II Part 5-Federal Credit Part 6-The Federal Performance Framework for Improving Program and Service Delivery Part7-Appendices Why buy a book you can download for free? We print the paperback book so you don't have to. First you gotta find a good clean (legible) copy and make sure it's the latest version (not always easy). Some documents found on the web are missing some pages or the image quality is so poor, they are difficult to read. If you find a good copy, you could print it using a network printer you share with 100 other people (typically its either out of paper or toner). If it's just a 10-page document, no problem, but if it's 250-pages, you will need to punch 3 holes in all those pages and put it in a 3-ring binder. Takes at least an hour. It's much more cost-effective to just order the bound paperback from Amazon.com This book includes original commentary which is copyright material. Note that government documents are in the public domain. We print these paperbacks as a service so you don't have to. The books are compact, tightly-bound paperback, full-size (8 1/2 by 11 inches), with large text and glossy covers. 4th Watch Publishing Co. is a HUBZONE SDVOSB. https: //usgovpub.com
| Author | : United States. Office of Management and Budget |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 286 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : Administrative agencies |
| ISBN | : |
Download Preparation and Submission of Budget Estimates Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
