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Mean-Variance Optimization Using Forward-Looking Return Estimates

Mean-Variance Optimization Using Forward-Looking Return Estimates
Author: Patrick Bielstein
Publisher:
Total Pages: 43
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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Despite its theoretical appeal, Markowitz mean-variance portfolio optimization is plagued by practical issues. It is especially difficult to obtain reliable estimates of a stock's expected return. Recent research has therefore focused on minimum volatility portfolio optimization, which implicitly assumes that expected returns for all assets are equal. We argue that investors are better off using the implied cost of capital based on analysts' earnings forecasts as a forward-looking return estimate. Correcting for predictable analyst forecast errors, we demonstrate that mean-variance optimized portfolios based on these estimates outperform on both an absolute and a risk-adjusted basis the minimum volatility portfolio as well as naive benchmarks, such as the value-weighted and equally-weighted market portfolio. The results continue to hold when extending the sample to international markets, using different methods for estimating the forward-looking return, including transaction costs, and using different optimization constraints.


An Improved Estimation to Make Markowitz's Portfolio Optimization Theory Users Friendly and Estimation Accurate with Application on the US Stock Market Investment

An Improved Estimation to Make Markowitz's Portfolio Optimization Theory Users Friendly and Estimation Accurate with Application on the US Stock Market Investment
Author: Pui-lam Leung
Publisher:
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

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Using the Markowitz mean-variance portfolio optimization theory, researchers have shown that the traditional estimated return greatly overestimates the theoretical optimal return, especially when the dimension to sample size ratio p/n is large. Bai, Liu, and Wong (2009) propose a bootstrap-corrected estimator to correct the overestimation, but there is no closed form for their estimator. To circumvent this limitation, this paper derives explicit formulas for the estimator of the optimal portfolio return. We also prove that our proposed closed-form return estimator is consistent when n rightarrow infty and p/n rightarrow y in (0,1). Our simulation results show that our proposed estimators dramatically outperform traditional estimators for both the optimal return and its corresponding allocation under different values of p/n ratios and different inter-asset correlations p, especially when p/n is close to 1. We also find that our proposed estimators perform better than the bootstrap-corrected estimators for both the optimal return and its corresponding allocation. Another advantage of our improved estimation of returns is that we can also obtain an explicit formula for the standard deviation of the improved return estimate and it is smaller than that of the traditional estimate, especially when p/n is large. In addition, we illustrate the applicability of our proposed estimate on the US stock market investment.


Efficient Asset Management

Efficient Asset Management
Author: Richard O. Michaud
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 145
Release: 2008-03-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199715793

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In spite of theoretical benefits, Markowitz mean-variance (MV) optimized portfolios often fail to meet practical investment goals of marketability, usability, and performance, prompting many investors to seek simpler alternatives. Financial experts Richard and Robert Michaud demonstrate that the limitations of MV optimization are not the result of conceptual flaws in Markowitz theory but unrealistic representation of investment information. What is missing is a realistic treatment of estimation error in the optimization and rebalancing process. The text provides a non-technical review of classical Markowitz optimization and traditional objections. The authors demonstrate that in practice the single most important limitation of MV optimization is oversensitivity to estimation error. Portfolio optimization requires a modern statistical perspective. Efficient Asset Management, Second Edition uses Monte Carlo resampling to address information uncertainty and define Resampled Efficiency (RE) technology. RE optimized portfolios represent a new definition of portfolio optimality that is more investment intuitive, robust, and provably investment effective. RE rebalancing provides the first rigorous portfolio trading, monitoring, and asset importance rules, avoiding widespread ad hoc methods in current practice. The Second Edition resolves several open issues and misunderstandings that have emerged since the original edition. The new edition includes new proofs of effectiveness, substantial revisions of statistical estimation, extensive discussion of long-short optimization, and new tools for dealing with estimation error in applications and enhancing computational efficiency. RE optimization is shown to be a Bayesian-based generalization and enhancement of Markowitz's solution. RE technology corrects many current practices that may adversely impact the investment value of trillions of dollars under current asset management. RE optimization technology may also be useful in other financial optimizations and more generally in multivariate estimation contexts of information uncertainty with Bayesian linear constraints. Michaud and Michaud's new book includes numerous additional proposals to enhance investment value including Stein and Bayesian methods for improved input estimation, the use of portfolio priors, and an economic perspective for asset-liability optimization. Applications include investment policy, asset allocation, and equity portfolio optimization. A simple global asset allocation problem illustrates portfolio optimization techniques. A final chapter includes practical advice for avoiding simple portfolio design errors. With its important implications for investment practice, Efficient Asset Management 's highly intuitive yet rigorous approach to defining optimal portfolios will appeal to investment management executives, consultants, brokers, and anyone seeking to stay abreast of current investment technology. Through practical examples and illustrations, Michaud and Michaud update the practice of optimization for modern investment management.


Factor-Based Portfolio Optimization

Factor-Based Portfolio Optimization
Author: Jun Kyung Auh
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

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We show that a parsimonious factor model can alleviate the problems of using raw historical data subject to large idiosyncratic noise in mean-variance portfolio optimization. Through the factor structure, we incorporate forward-looking information into the expected returns, exploiting a set of variables known to predict the aggregate factor from prior studies. Estimating parameters in a manner consistent with the theoretical assumption that the mean and variance correspond to future return distributions leads to better out-of-sample performance, accentuating the importance of feeding proper information.


Introduction to Risk Parity and Budgeting

Introduction to Risk Parity and Budgeting
Author: Thierry Roncalli
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 430
Release: 2016-04-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1482207168

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Although portfolio management didn't change much during the 40 years after the seminal works of Markowitz and Sharpe, the development of risk budgeting techniques marked an important milestone in the deepening of the relationship between risk and asset management. Risk parity then became a popular financial model of investment after the global fina


Do Asset-Demand Functions Optimize Over the Mean and Variance of Real Returns?

Do Asset-Demand Functions Optimize Over the Mean and Variance of Real Returns?
Author: Charles Engel
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1985
Genre:
ISBN:

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International asset demands are functions of expected returns.Optimal portfolio theory tells us that the coefficients in this relationship depend on the variance-covariance matrix of real returns.But previous estimates of the optimal portfolio (1) assume expected returns constant and (2) are not set up to test the hypothesis of mean-variance optimization. We use maximum likelihood estimation to impose a constraint between the coefficients and the error variance-covariance matrix. For a portfolio of six currencies, we are able statistically to reject the constraint. Evidently investors are either not sophisticated enough to maximize a function of the mean and variance of end-of-period wealth, or else are too sophisticated to do so


Approaching Mean-Variance Efficiency for Large Portfolios

Approaching Mean-Variance Efficiency for Large Portfolios
Author: Mengmeng Ao
Publisher:
Total Pages: 69
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper introduces a new approach to constructing optimal mean-variance portfolios. The approach relies on a novel unconstrained regression representation of the mean-variance optimization problem combined with high-dimensional sparse-regression methods. Our estimated portfolio, under a mild sparsity assumption, controls the risk and attains the maximum expected return as both the numbers of assets and observations grow. The superior properties of our approach are demonstrated through comprehensive simulation and empirical analysis. Notably, we fi nd that investing in individual stocks in addition to the Fama-French three factor portfolios using our strategy leads to substantially improved performance.


Systematic Trading

Systematic Trading
Author: Robert Carver
Publisher: Harriman House Limited
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2015-09-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 085719500X

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This is not just another book with yet another trading system. This is a complete guide to developing your own systems to help you make and execute trading and investing decisions. It is intended for everyone who wishes to systematise their financial decision making, either completely or to some degree. Author Robert Carver draws on financial theory, his experience managing systematic hedge fund strategies and his own in-depth research to explain why systematic trading makes sense and demonstrates how it can be done safely and profitably. Every aspect, from creating trading rules to position sizing, is thoroughly explained. The framework described here can be used with all assets, including equities, bonds, forex and commodities. There is no magic formula that will guarantee success, but cutting out simple mistakes will improve your performance. You'll learn how to avoid common pitfalls such as over-complicating your strategy, being too optimistic about likely returns, taking excessive risks and trading too frequently. Important features include: - The theory behind systematic trading: why and when it works, and when it doesn't. - Simple and effective ways to design effective strategies. - A complete position management framework which can be adapted for your needs. - How fully systematic traders can create or adapt trading rules to forecast prices. - Making discretionary trading decisions within a systematic framework for position management. - Why traditional long only investors should use systems to ensure proper diversification, and avoid costly and unnecessary portfolio churn. - Adapting strategies depending on the cost of trading and how much capital is being used. - Practical examples from UK, US and international markets showing how the framework can be used. Systematic Trading is detailed, comprehensive and full of practical advice. It provides a unique new approach to system development and a must for anyone considering using systems to make some, or all, of their investment decisions.


Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management

Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management
Author: Frank J. Fabozzi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 513
Release: 2007-04-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470164891

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Praise for Robust Portfolio Optimization and Management "In the half century since Harry Markowitz introduced his elegant theory for selecting portfolios, investors and scholars have extended and refined its application to a wide range of real-world problems, culminating in the contents of this masterful book. Fabozzi, Kolm, Pachamanova, and Focardi deserve high praise for producing a technically rigorous yet remarkably accessible guide to the latest advances in portfolio construction." --Mark Kritzman, President and CEO, Windham Capital Management, LLC "The topic of robust optimization (RO) has become 'hot' over the past several years, especially in real-world financial applications. This interest has been sparked, in part, by practitioners who implemented classical portfolio models for asset allocation without considering estimation and model robustness a part of their overall allocation methodology, and experienced poor performance. Anyone interested in these developments ought to own a copy of this book. The authors cover the recent developments of the RO area in an intuitive, easy-to-read manner, provide numerous examples, and discuss practical considerations. I highly recommend this book to finance professionals and students alike." --John M. Mulvey, Professor of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University


Implied Expected Returns and the Choice of a Mean-Variance Efficient Portfolio Proxy

Implied Expected Returns and the Choice of a Mean-Variance Efficient Portfolio Proxy
Author: David Ardia
Publisher:
Total Pages: 21
Release: 2018
Genre:
ISBN:

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Implied expected returns are the expected returns for which a supposedly mean-variance efficient portfolio is effectively efficient given a covariance matrix. We analyze the statistical properties of monthly implied expected return estimates and study their sensitivity to the choice of a mean-variance efficient portfolio proxy. Over the period January 1984 to December 2012 and for the universe of S&P 100 stocks we find that the largest gains are in terms of stability of the return forecasts. The use of a maximum diversification or equal-risk-contribution portfolio as proxy reduces significantly the cross-section and time series dispersion in the implied expected return forecasts and leads to a small improvement in forecast precision, compared to using a market capitalization, fundamental value or equal weighting scheme. For all proxies considered, the implied expected return estimates outperform the time series model based forecasts in terms of stability and forecast precision.