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Mathematics and the Real World

Mathematics and the Real World
Author: Zvi Artstein
Publisher: Prometheus Books
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2014-09-02
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1616145463
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In this accessible and illuminating study of how the science of mathematics developed, a veteran math researcher and educator looks at the ways in which our evolutionary makeup is both a help and a hindrance to the study of math. Artstein chronicles the discovery of important mathematical connections between mathematics and the real world from ancient times to the present. The author then describes some of the contemporary applications of mathematics—in probability theory, in the study of human behavior, and in combination with computers, which give mathematics unprecedented power. The author concludes with an insightful discussion of why mathematics, for most people, is so frustrating. He argues that the rigorous logical structure of math goes against the grain of our predisposed ways of thinking as shaped by evolution, presumably because the talent needed to cope with logical mathematics gave the human race as a whole no evolutionary advantage. With this in mind, he offers ways to overcome these innate impediments in the teaching of math.

Digital And The Real World, The: Computational Foundations Of Mathematics, Science, Technology, And Philosophy

Digital And The Real World, The: Computational Foundations Of Mathematics, Science, Technology, And Philosophy
Author: Mainzer Klaus
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 472
Release: 2017-11-17
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9813225505
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In the 21st century, digitalization is a global challenge of mankind. Even for the public, it is obvious that our world is increasingly dominated by powerful algorithms and big data. But, how computable is our world? Some people believe that successful problem solving in science, technology, and economies only depends on fast algorithms and data mining. Chances and risks are often not understood, because the foundations of algorithms and information systems are not studied rigorously. Actually, they are deeply rooted in logics, mathematics, computer science and philosophy. Therefore, this book studies the foundations of mathematics, computer science, and philosophy, in order to guarantee security and reliability of the knowledge by constructive proofs, proof mining and program extraction. We start with the basics of computability theory, proof theory, and information theory. In a second step, we introduce new concepts of information and computing systems, in order to overcome the gap between the digital world of logical programming and the analog world of real computing in mathematics and science. The book also considers consequences for digital and analog physics, computational neuroscience, financial mathematics, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Contents: Introduction Basics of Computability Hierarchies of Computability Constructive Proof Theory Computational Mathematics and Digital Information Systems Intuitionistic Mathematics and Human Creativity Proof Mining bridging Logic, Mathematics, and Computer Science Reverse Mathematics Bridging Logic, Mathematics, and Computer Science From Intuitionistic to Homotopy Type Theory — Bridging Logic, Mathematics, and Computer Science Real Computability and Real Analysis Complexity Theory of Real Computing Real Computing and Neural Networks Complexity of Algorithmic Information Complexity of Information Dynamics Digital and Real Physics Digital and Real Computing in the Social World Philosophical Outlook Readership: Undergraduate and graduate students, scientists and readers who are interested in foundational, interdisciplinary, and philosophical questions of mathematics, computer science, and science in general. Keywords: Computability;Complexity;Constructive Mathematics;Proof Mining;Real Computing;Analog Networks;Information System;Digital PhysicsReview: Key Features: Compact introduction into the foundations of modern mathematics and computer science Bridging the gap between digital, real and analog computing by new concepts of information systems Consequences in natural and social sciences with respect to scientific computing

Mathematics in the Real World

Mathematics in the Real World
Author: W.D. Wallis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2013-09-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 1461485290
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Mathematics in the Real World is a self-contained, accessible introduction to the world of mathematics for non-technical majors. With a focus on everyday applications and context, the topics in this textbook build in difficulty and are presented sequentially, starting with a brief review of sets and numbers followed by an introduction to elementary statistics, models, and graph theory. Data and identification numbers are then covered, providing the pathway to voting and finance. Each subject is covered in a concise and clear fashion through the use of real-world applications and the introduction of relevant terminology. Many sample problems – both writing exercises and multiple-choice questions – are included to help develop students’ level of understanding and to offer a variety of options to instructors. Covering six major units and outlining a one-semester course, Mathematics in the Real World is aimed at undergraduate liberal art students fulfilling the mathematics requirement in their degree program. This introductory text will be an excellent resource for such courses, and will show students where mathematics arises in their everyday lives.

Beautiful, Simple, Exact, Crazy

Beautiful, Simple, Exact, Crazy
Author: Apoorva Khare
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2015-08-25
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0300190891
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In this vibrant work, which is ideal for both teaching and learning, Apoorva Khare and Anna Lachowska explain the mathematics essential for understanding and appreciating our quantitative world. They show with examples that mathematics is a key tool in the creation and appreciation of art, music, and literature, not just science and technology. The book covers basic mathematical topics from logarithms to statistics, but the authors eschew mundane finance and probability problems. Instead, they explain how modular arithmetic helps keep our online transactions safe, how logarithms justify the twelve-tone scale commonly used in music, and how transmissions by deep space probes are similar to knights serving as messengers for their traveling prince. Ideal for coursework in introductory mathematics and requiring no knowledge of calculus, Khare and Lachowska's enlightening mathematics tour will appeal to a wide audience.

The Mathematical Sciences in 2025

The Mathematical Sciences in 2025
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 223
Release: 2013-06-13
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0309284570
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The mathematical sciences are part of nearly all aspects of everyday life-the discipline has underpinned such beneficial modern capabilities as Internet search, medical imaging, computer animation, numerical weather predictions, and all types of digital communications. The Mathematical Sciences in 2025 examines the current state of the mathematical sciences and explores the changes needed for the discipline to be in a strong position and able to maximize its contribution to the nation in 2025. It finds the vitality of the discipline excellent and that it contributes in expanding ways to most areas of science and engineering, as well as to the nation as a whole, and recommends that training for future generations of mathematical scientists should be re-assessed in light of the increasingly cross-disciplinary nature of the mathematical sciences. In addition, because of the valuable interplay between ideas and people from all parts of the mathematical sciences, the report emphasizes that universities and the government need to continue to invest in the full spectrum of the mathematical sciences in order for the whole enterprise to continue to flourish long-term.

Exploring the World of Mathematics

Exploring the World of Mathematics
Author: John Hudson Tiner
Publisher: New Leaf Publishing Group
Total Pages: 159
Release: 2004-07-01
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 161458155X
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Numbers surround us. Just try to make it through a day without using any. It's impossible: telephone numbers, calendars, volume settings, shoe sizes, speed limits, weights, street numbers, microwave timers, TV channels, and the list goes on and on. The many advancements and branches of mathematics were developed through the centuries as people encountered problems and relied upon math to solve them. For instance: What timely invention was tampered with by the Caesars and almost perfected by a pope? Why did ten days vanish in September of 1752? How did Queen Victoria shorten the Sunday sermons at chapel? What important invention caused the world to be divided into time zones? What simple math problem caused the Mars Climate Orbiter to burn up in the Martian atmosphere? What common unit of measurement was originally based on the distance from the equator to the North Pole? Does water always boil at 212? Fahrenheit? What do Da Vinci's Last Supper and the Parthenon have in common? Why is a computer glitch called a "bug"? It's amazing how ten simple digits can be used in an endless number of ways to benefit man. The development of these ten digits and their many uses is the fascinating story you hold in your hands: Exploring the World of Mathematics.

Mathematics in Science and Technology

Mathematics in Science and Technology
Author: A H Siddiqi
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 556
Release: 2011-06-30
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9814462144
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This unique volume presents reviews of research in several important areas of applications of mathematical concepts to science and technology, for example applications of inverse problems and wavelets to real world systems. The book provides a comprehensive overview of current research of several outstanding scholars engaged in diverse fields such as complexity theory, vertex coupling in quantum graphs, mixing of substances by turbulence, network dynamics and architecture, processes with rate — independent hysteresis, numerical analysis of Hamilton Jacobi — Bellman equations, simulations of complex stochastic differential equations, optimal flow control, shape optimal flow control, shape optimization and aircraft designing, mathematics of brain, nanotechnology and DNA structure and mathematical models of environmental problems. The volume also contains contributory talks based on current researches of comparatively young researchers participating in the conference. Contents:Part A Invited Talk:In Appreciation of Dr Zakir Husain Award (M Zuhair Nashed)Kinematical Conservation Laws (KCL): Equations of Evolution of Curves and Surfaces (K R Arun and P Prasad)Systematic Discretization of Input/Output Maps and Control of Partial Differential Equations (J Heiland, V Mehrmann and M Schmidt)Vertex Couplings in Quantum Graphs: Approximations by Scaled Schrödinger Operators (P Exner)Complexity Leads to Randomness in Chaotic Systems (R Lozi)Mathematical Modeling for Unifying Different Branches of Science, Engineering and Technology (N Rudraiah)On Equivalence Transformations and Exact Solutions of a Helmholtz Type Equation (O P Bhutani and L R Chowdhury)Cognitive Radio: State-of-the-Art and Mathematical Challenges (T Nadkar, V Thumar, A Patel, Md Z Ali Khan, U B Desai and S N Merchant)Part B Thematic Reviews:Inverse Problems of Parameter Identification in Partial Differential Equations (B Jadamba, A A Khan and M Sama)Finite Element Methods for HJB Equations (M Boulbrachene)Dynamics and Control of Underactuated Space Systems (K D Kumar and Godard)Some New Classes of Inverse Coefficient Problems in Engineering Mechanics and Computational Material Science Based on Boundary Measured Data (A Hasanov)Some Recent Developments on Mathematical Aspect of Wavelets (P Manchanda and Meenakshi)Relevance of Wavelets and Inverse Problems to Brain (A H Siddiqi, H K Sevindir, Z Aslan and C Yazici)Wavelets and Inverse Problems (K Goyal and M Mehra)Optimization Models for a Class of Structured Stochastic Games (S K Neogy, S Sinha, A K Das and A Gupta)Part C Contributory Talks:Predator-Prey Relations for Mammals where Prey Suppress Breeding (Q J Khan and M Al-Lawatia)SEI Model with Varying Transmission and Mortality Rates (G Rost)Trajectories and Stability Regions of the Lagrangian Points in the Generalized Chermnykh-Like Problem (B S Kushvah)MHD Flow Past an Infinite Plate Under the Effect of Gravity Modulation (S Wasu and S C Rajvanshi) Readership: Researchers in mathematical modeling, numerical analysis and computational mathematics. Keywords:Complexity Theory;Vertex Coupling in Quantum Graphs;Hamilton-Jacobi–Bellman Equation;Prey and Predator Model;Inverse Problems and Wavelets;Dynamics and Control of Under Actuated Space Systems

How Not to Be Wrong

How Not to Be Wrong
Author: Jordan Ellenberg
Publisher: Penguin
Total Pages: 482
Release: 2015-05-26
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0143127535
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“Witty, compelling, and just plain fun to read . . ." —Evelyn Lamb, Scientific American The Freakonomics of math—a math-world superstar unveils the hidden beauty and logic of the world and puts its power in our hands The math we learn in school can seem like a dull set of rules, laid down by the ancients and not to be questioned. In How Not to Be Wrong, Jordan Ellenberg shows us how terribly limiting this view is: Math isn’t confined to abstract incidents that never occur in real life, but rather touches everything we do—the whole world is shot through with it. Math allows us to see the hidden structures underneath the messy and chaotic surface of our world. It’s a science of not being wrong, hammered out by centuries of hard work and argument. Armed with the tools of mathematics, we can see through to the true meaning of information we take for granted: How early should you get to the airport? What does “public opinion” really represent? Why do tall parents have shorter children? Who really won Florida in 2000? And how likely are you, really, to develop cancer? How Not to Be Wrong presents the surprising revelations behind all of these questions and many more, using the mathematician’s method of analyzing life and exposing the hard-won insights of the academic community to the layman—minus the jargon. Ellenberg chases mathematical threads through a vast range of time and space, from the everyday to the cosmic, encountering, among other things, baseball, Reaganomics, daring lottery schemes, Voltaire, the replicability crisis in psychology, Italian Renaissance painting, artificial languages, the development of non-Euclidean geometry, the coming obesity apocalypse, Antonin Scalia’s views on crime and punishment, the psychology of slime molds, what Facebook can and can’t figure out about you, and the existence of God. Ellenberg pulls from history as well as from the latest theoretical developments to provide those not trained in math with the knowledge they need. Math, as Ellenberg says, is “an atomic-powered prosthesis that you attach to your common sense, vastly multiplying its reach and strength.” With the tools of mathematics in hand, you can understand the world in a deeper, more meaningful way. How Not to Be Wrong will show you how.