Map Problem PDF Download
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Author | : Robin J. Wilson |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 284 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780691120232 |
Download Four Colors Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map.
Author | : David W. Barnette |
Publisher | : American Mathematical Soc. |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 1984-03-01 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 1470457172 |
Download Map Coloring, Polyhedra and the FourColor Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Robin J. Wilson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 292 |
Release | : 2003 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : |
Download Four Colours Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The four-colour problem was one of the most famous and controversial conundrums ever known, and stumped thousands of puzzlers for over a century. It sounded simple- what is the least number of colours needed to fill in any map, so that neighbouring countries are always coloured differently? However, it would take over a hundred years for amateur problem-solvers and mathematicians alike to answer the question first posed by Francis Guthrie in 1852. And, even when a solution was finally found using computers, debate raged over whether this technology could ever provide the proof that traditional pen-and-paper calculations could. This is the gripping story of the race to solve the riddle - a tale of dedicated puzzlers, mind-boggling maps, human ingenuity and the great rhombicuboctahedron
Author | : Robin Wilson |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 218 |
Release | : 2021-10-12 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0691237565 |
Download Four Colors Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map. This new edition features many color illustrations. It also includes a new foreword by Ian Stewart on the importance of the map problem and how it was solved.
Author | : Shane Parrish |
Publisher | : Penguin |
Total Pages | : 209 |
Release | : 2024-10-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0593719972 |
Download The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage.
Author | : Steven Johnson |
Publisher | : Penguin |
Total Pages | : 332 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9781594489259 |
Download The Ghost Map Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"It is the summer of 1854. Cholera has seized London with unprecedented intensity. A metropolis of more than 2 million people, London is just emerging as one of the first modern cities in the world. But lacking the infrastructure necessary to support its dense population - garbage removal, clean water, sewers - the city has become the perfect breeding ground for a terrifying disease that no one knows how to cure." "As their neighbors begin dying, two men are spurred to action: the Reverend Henry Whitehead, whose faith in a benevolent God is shaken by the seemingly random nature of the victims, and Dr. John Snow, whose ideas about contagion have been dismissed by the scientific community, but who is convinced that he knows how the disease is being transmitted. The Ghost Map chronicles the outbreak's spread and the desperate efforts to put an end to the epidemic - and solve the most pressing medical riddle of the age."--BOOK JACKET.
Author | : John Frank Morrison |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 622 |
Release | : 1914 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : |
Download Seventy Problems Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Frederick Kenneth Branom |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 1925 |
Genre | : Geography |
ISBN | : |
Download The Use of Maps Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Virginia. Adjutant General's Office |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 390 |
Release | : 1913 |
Genre | : Virginia |
ISBN | : |
Download Report Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 718 |
Release | : 1927 |
Genre | : Military art and science |
ISBN | : |
Download Infantry Journal Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle