Map Coloring Polyhedra And The Four Color Problem PDF Download
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Author | : David Barnette |
Publisher | : MAA Press |
Total Pages | : 186 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : |
Download Map Coloring, Polyhedra, and the Four-color Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : David W. Barnette |
Publisher | : American Mathematical Soc. |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 1984-03-01 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 1470457172 |
Download Map Coloring, Polyhedra and the FourColor Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : David Wilmot Barnette |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780883853009 |
Download Map Coloring, Polyhedra, and the Four-color Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Rudolf Fritsch |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 294 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780387984971 |
Download The Four-Color Theorem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This elegant little book discusses a famous problem that helped to define the field now known as graph theory: what is the minimum number of colors required to print a map such that no two adjoining countries have the same color, no matter how convoluted their boundaries are. Many famous mathematicians have worked on the problem, but the proof eluded formulation until the 1970s, when it was finally cracked with a brute-force approach using a computer. The Four-Color Theorem begins by discussing the history of the problem up to the new approach given in the 1990s (by Neil Robertson, Daniel Sanders, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas). The book then goes into the mathematics, with a detailed discussion of how to convert the originally topological problem into a combinatorial one that is both elementary enough that anyone with a basic knowledge of geometry can follow it and also rigorous enough that a mathematician can read it with satisfaction. The authors discuss the mathematics and point to the philosophical debate that ensued when the proof was announced: just what is a mathematical proof, if it takes a computer to provide one - and is such a thing a proof at all?
Author | : |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 277 |
Release | : 2011-08-29 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0080873391 |
Download The Four-Color Problem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Four-Color Problem
Author | : Robin Wilson |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 218 |
Release | : 2021-10-12 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0691237565 |
Download Four Colors Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map. This new edition features many color illustrations. It also includes a new foreword by Ian Stewart on the importance of the map problem and how it was solved.
Author | : Robin J. Wilson |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 284 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780691120232 |
Download Four Colors Suffice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
On October 23, 1852, Professor Augustus De Morgan wrote a letter to a colleague, unaware that he was launching one of the most famous mathematical conundrums in history--one that would confound thousands of puzzlers for more than a century. This is the amazing story of how the "map problem" was solved. The problem posed in the letter came from a former student: What is the least possible number of colors needed to fill in any map (real or invented) so that neighboring counties are always colored differently? This deceptively simple question was of minimal interest to cartographers, who saw little need to limit how many colors they used. But the problem set off a frenzy among professional mathematicians and amateur problem solvers, among them Lewis Carroll, an astronomer, a botanist, an obsessive golfer, the Bishop of London, a man who set his watch only once a year, a California traffic cop, and a bridegroom who spent his honeymoon coloring maps. In their pursuit of the solution, mathematicians painted maps on doughnuts and horseshoes and played with patterned soccer balls and the great rhombicuboctahedron. It would be more than one hundred years (and countless colored maps) later before the result was finally established. Even then, difficult questions remained, and the intricate solution--which involved no fewer than 1,200 hours of computer time--was greeted with as much dismay as enthusiasm. Providing a clear and elegant explanation of the problem and the proof, Robin Wilson tells how a seemingly innocuous question baffled great minds and stimulated exciting mathematics with far-flung applications. This is the entertaining story of those who failed to prove, and those who ultimately did prove, that four colors do indeed suffice to color any map.
Author | : Lowell W. Beineke |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 416 |
Release | : 2015-05-07 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 1316239853 |
Download Topics in Chromatic Graph Theory Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Chromatic graph theory is a thriving area that uses various ideas of 'colouring' (of vertices, edges, and so on) to explore aspects of graph theory. It has links with other areas of mathematics, including topology, algebra and geometry, and is increasingly used in such areas as computer networks, where colouring algorithms form an important feature. While other books cover portions of the material, no other title has such a wide scope as this one, in which acknowledged international experts in the field provide a broad survey of the subject. All fifteen chapters have been carefully edited, with uniform notation and terminology applied throughout. Bjarne Toft (Odense, Denmark), widely recognized for his substantial contributions to the area, acted as academic consultant. The book serves as a valuable reference for researchers and graduate students in graph theory and combinatorics and as a useful introduction to the topic for mathematicians in related fields.
Author | : Oscar Levin |
Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
Total Pages | : 238 |
Release | : 2018-07-30 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781724572639 |
Download Discrete Mathematics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Note: This is a custom edition of Levin's full Discrete Mathematics text, arranged specifically for use in a discrete math course for future elementary and middle school teachers. (It is NOT a new and updated edition of the main text.)This gentle introduction to discrete mathematics is written for first and second year math majors, especially those who intend to teach. The text began as a set of lecture notes for the discrete mathematics course at the University of Northern Colorado. This course serves both as an introduction to topics in discrete math and as the "introduction to proof" course for math majors. The course is usually taught with a large amount of student inquiry, and this text is written to help facilitate this.Four main topics are covered: counting, sequences, logic, and graph theory. Along the way proofs are introduced, including proofs by contradiction, proofs by induction, and combinatorial proofs.While there are many fine discrete math textbooks available, this text has the following advantages: - It is written to be used in an inquiry rich course.- It is written to be used in a course for future math teachers.- It is open source, with low cost print editions and free electronic editions.
Author | : David S. Richeson |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 336 |
Release | : 2019-07-23 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0691191999 |
Download Euler's Gem Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
How a simple equation reshaped mathematics Leonhard Euler’s polyhedron formula describes the structure of many objects—from soccer balls and gemstones to Buckminster Fuller’s buildings and giant all-carbon molecules. Yet Euler’s theorem is so simple it can be explained to a child. From ancient Greek geometry to today’s cutting-edge research, Euler’s Gem celebrates the discovery of Euler’s beloved polyhedron formula and its far-reaching impact on topology, the study of shapes. Using wonderful examples and numerous illustrations, David Richeson presents this mathematical idea’s many elegant and unexpected applications, such as showing why there is always some windless spot on earth, how to measure the acreage of a tree farm by counting trees, and how many crayons are needed to color any map. Filled with a who’s who of brilliant mathematicians who questioned, refined, and contributed to a remarkable theorem’s development, Euler’s Gem will fascinate every mathematics enthusiast. This paperback edition contains a new preface by the author.