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| Author | : |
| Publisher | : DIANE Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 29 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 1437986714 |
| Author | : David C. Trimble |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 31 |
| Release | : 2013-11-17 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781457849619 |
About 13% of our nation's electricity is produced by pressurized water reactors that rely on lithium-7, an isotope of lithium produced and exported solely by China and Russia, for their safe operation. Lithium-7 is added to the water that cools the reactor core to prevent the cooling water from becoming acidic. Without it, the cooling water's acidity would increase the rate of corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure -- possibly causing them to fail. Utilities that operate the pressurized water reactors have experienced little difficulty obtaining lithium-7, but there are risks of relying on two producers. This report reviewed the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7 and how risks are being managed. It examines (1) what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7; (2) what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks; and (3) alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. Figure. This is a print on demand report.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Gene Aloise |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2012-11-17 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781457835001 |
| Author | : Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2017-08-08 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781974257911 |
" About 13 percent of our nation's electricity is produced by pressurized water reactors that rely on lithium-7, an isotope of lithium produced and exported solely by China and Russia, for their safe operation. Lithium-7 is added to the water that cools the reactor core to prevent the cooling water from becoming acidic. Without the lithium-7, the cooling water's acidity would increase the rate of corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure-possibly causing them to fail. Utilities that operate the pressurized water reactors have experienced little difficulty obtaining lithium-7, but they may not be aware of all the risks of relying on two producers. GAO was asked to review the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7 and how risks are being managed. This report examines (1) what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, (2) what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and (3) alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. GAO reviewed documents and interviewed officials from DOE, NNSA, and NRC, in addition to industry representatives. This report is an unclassified version of a classified report also issued in September 2013. "
| Author | : U.s. Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2017-08-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781974234486 |
"DOE is the only domestic supplier for many of the over 300 different isotopes it sells that are critical to medical, commercial, research, and national security applications. Previous shortages of some isotopes, such as helium-3, an isotope used to detect radiation at seaports and border crossings, highlight the importance of managing supplies of and demand for critical isotopes. Prior reports by GAO and others highlighted risks and challenges faced by the Isotope Program, such as assessing demand for certain isotopes. GAO was asked to determine (1) which isotopes are produced, sold, or distributed either by the Isotope Program or NNSA and how the two agencies make isotopes available for commercial and research applications; (2) what steps the Isotope Program takes to provide isotopes for commercial and research applications; and (3) the extent to which DOE is assessing and mitigating risks facing the Isotope Program. GAO reviewed DOE and NNSA documents, visited Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and interviewed cognizant agency officials."
| Author | : Aubrey Lindell |
| Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Isotopes |
| ISBN | : 9781629487854 |
Little is known about lithium-7 production in China and Russia and whether their supplies can meet future domestic demand. According to industry representatives, China and Russia produce enough lithium-7 to meet demand from U.S. pressurised water reactors, a type of commercial nuclear power reactor that requires lithium-7 for safe operation. This book examines what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. The authors of this book also discuss the management of helium-3 and the availability of tritium for the weapons stockpile to the National Nuclear Security Administration.
| Author | : United States Government Account Office |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2018-01-13 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781983808012 |
MANAGING CRITICAL ISOTOPES: Stewardship of Lithium-7 Is Needed to Ensure a Stable Supply
| Author | : United States Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 30 |
| Release | : 2018-01-13 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781983813832 |
Managing Critical Isotopes: Weaknesses in DOE's Management of Helium-3 Delayed the Federal Response to a Critical Supply Shortage
| Author | : Government Accountability Government Accountability Office |
| Publisher | : CreateSpace |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2014-10-31 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781502965998 |
To determine what is known about the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7, we analyzed data provided by industry representatives, reviewed agency and industry documents, and interviewed agency officials and industry representatives.
