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| Author | : Alan Finkelstein Shapiro |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2015-04-03 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1475563647 |
Download Macroprudential Policy and Labor Market Dynamics in Emerging Economies Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Emerging economies have high shares of self-employed individuals running owner-only firms who, in contrast to many salaried firms, have little access to formal financing and therefore rely on informal financing (input credit) from other firms. We build a small open economy real business cycle model with labor and financial market frictions where formal credit markets, informal credit, and the structure of the labor market interact. The model successfully replicates the cyclical behavior of sectoral employment, formal credit, and the main macroeconomic aggregates in emerging economies. We show that a countercyclical macroprudential policy that reduces formal credit fluctuations has positive though quantitatively limited effects on consumption and output volatility, but generates larger unemployment fluctuations in response to productivity shocks; the same policy increases labor market and aggregate volatility in response to net worth shocks. The link between input credit and the labor market structure---key for capturing the cyclical dynamics of labor and credit markets in the data---plays a crucial role for these results.
| Author | : Alan Finkelstein Shapiro |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 46 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Macroprudential Policy and Labor Market Dynamics in Latin America Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper builds a small open economy business cycle model with labor and financial market frictions that incorporates frictional, endogenous self-employment entry and a link between formal credit markets, informal credit, and the labor market. The paper then shows that the model is consistent with the cyclical behavior of both labor and credit markets in Latin American economies and analyzes the aggregate consequences of cyclical macroprudential policy for labor market and aggregate dynamics. It is found that a policy that reduces credit fluctuations successfully reduces consumption, investment, and output volatility, but generates substantially higher unemployment fluctuations in response to productivity shocks. Moreover, the policy increases the volatility of all these variables in response to net worth shocks. The link between formal credit markets, input credit between firms, and self-employment plays a key role in explaining the adverse impact of macroprudential policy on unemployment dynamics. The findings point to potential gains from policy complementarities between macroprudential regulation and active labor market interventions over the business cycle.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 64 |
| Release | : 2013-10-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498341713 |
Download Key Aspects of Macroprudential Policy - Background Paper Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The countercyclical capital buffer (CCB) was proposed by the Basel committee to increase the resilience of the banking sector to negative shocks. The interactions between banking sector losses and the real economy highlight the importance of building a capital buffer in periods when systemic risks are rising. Basel III introduces a framework for a time-varying capital buffer on top of the minimum capital requirement and another time-invariant buffer (the conservation buffer). The CCB aims to make banks more resilient against imbalances in credit markets and thereby enhance medium-term prospects of the economy—in good times when system-wide risks are growing, the regulators could impose the CCB which would help the banks to withstand losses in bad times.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 33 |
| Release | : 2011-03-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498339174 |
Download Macroprudential Policy - An Organizing Framework - Background Paper Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
MCM conducted a survey in December 2010 to take stock of international experiences with financial stability and the evolving macroprudential policy framework. The survey was designed to seek information in three broad areas: the institutional setup for macroprudential policy, the analytical approach to systemic risk monitoring, and the macroprudential policy toolkit. The survey was sent to 63 countries and the European Central Bank (ECB), including all countries in the G-20 and those subject to mandatory Financial Sector Assessment Programs (FSAPs). The target list is designed to cover a broad range of jurisdictions in all regions, but more weight is given to economies that are systemically important (see Annex for details). The response rate is 80 percent. This note provides a summary of the survey’s main findings.
| Author | : Nina Biljanovska |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 51 |
| Release | : 2019-08-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513512668 |
Download Optimal Macroprudential Policy and Asset Price Bubbles Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
An asset bubble relaxes collateral constraints and increases borrowing by credit-constrained agents. At the same time, as the bubble deflates when constraints start binding, it amplifies downturns. We show analytically and quantitatively that the macroprudential policy should optimally respond to building asset price bubbles non-monotonically depending on the underlying level of indebtedness. If the level of debt is moderate, policy should accommodate the bubble to reduce the incidence of a binding collateral constraint. If debt is elevated, policy should lean against the bubble more aggressively to mitigate the pecuniary externalities from a deflating bubble when constraints bind.
| Author | : Moez Ben Hassine |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 37 |
| Release | : 2019-11-27 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498320856 |
Download Informality, Frictions, and Macroprudential Policy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We analyze the effects of macroprudential policies through the lens of an estimated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model tailored to developing markets. In particular, we explicitly introduce informality in the labor and goods markets within a small open economy embedding financial frictions, nominal and real rigidities, labor search and matching, and an explicit banking sector. We use the estimated version of the model to run welfare analysis under optimized monetary and macroprudential rules. Results show that although informality reduces the efficiency of macroprudential policies following a convex fashion, combining the latter with an inflation targeting objective could be beneficial.
| Author | : Mr.Stijn Claessens |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2014-12-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498340938 |
Download An Overview of Macroprudential Policy Tools Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Macroprudential policies – caps on loan to value ratios, limits on credit growth and other balance sheets restrictions, (countercyclical) capital and reserve requirements and surcharges, and Pigouvian levies – have become part of the policy paradigm in emerging markets and advanced countries alike. But knowledge is still limited on these tools. Macroprudential policies ought to be motivated by market failures and externalities, but these can be hard to identify. They can also interact with various other policies, such as monetary and microprudential, raising coordination issues. Some countries, especially emerging markets, have used these tools and analyses suggest that some can reduce procyclicality and crisis risks. Yet, much remains to be studied, including tools’ costs ? by adversely affecting resource allocations; how to best adapt tools to country circumstances; and preferred institutional designs, including how to address political economy risks. As such, policy makers should move carefully in adopting tools.
| Author | : Ms. Mitali Das |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 54 |
| Release | : 2022-01-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1616358343 |
Download Preemptive Policies and Risk-Off Shocks in Emerging Markets Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
We show that “preemptive” capital flow management measures (CFM) can reduce emerging markets and developing countries’ (EMDE) external finance premia during risk-off shocks, especially for vulnerable countries. Using a panel dataset of 56 EMDEs during 1996–2020 at monthly frequency, we document that countries with preemptive policies in place during the five year window before risk-off shocks experienced relatively lower external finance premia and exchange rate volatility during the shock compared to countries which did not have such preemptive policies in place. We use the episodes of Taper Tantrum and COVID-19 as risk-off shocks. Our identification relies on a difference-in-differences methodology with country fixed effects where preemptive policies are ex-ante by construction and cannot be put in place as a response to the shock ex-post. We control the effects of other policies, such as monetary policy, foreign exchange interventions (FXI), easing of inflow CFMs and tightening of outflow CFMs that are used in response to the risk-off shocks. By reducing the impact of risk-off shocks on countries’ funding costs and exchange rate volatility, preemptive policies enable countries’ continued access to international capital markets during troubled times.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 15 |
| Release | : 2015-06-18 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513503979 |
Download IMF Research Bulletin, June 2015 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the June 2015 issue, the Research Summaries review "Migration: An Attractive Insurance Option in African Countries" (Ahmat Jidoud) and "Investment in Emerging Markets" (Nicolas E. Magud and Sebastian Sosa). The Q&A looks at "Seven Questions on Islamic Finance” (Inutu Lukonga). The Bulletin also includes its regular listings of recent IMF Working Papers and Staff Discussion Notes, as well as information on the "IMF Economic Review." A new IMF eLibrary discussion site on energy and climate change is highlighted, along with new recommendations from IMF Publications.
| Author | : Laurent Ferrara |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 298 |
| Release | : 2018-06-13 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3319790757 |
Download International Macroeconomics in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book collects selected articles addressing several currently debated issues in the field of international macroeconomics. They focus on the role of the central banks in the debate on how to come to terms with the long-term decline in productivity growth, insufficient aggregate demand, high economic uncertainty and growing inequalities following the global financial crisis. Central banks are of considerable importance in this debate since understanding the sluggishness of the recovery process as well as its implications for the natural interest rate are key to assessing output gaps and the monetary policy stance. The authors argue that a more dynamic domestic and external aggregate demand helps to raise the inflation rate, easing the constraint deriving from the zero lower bound and allowing monetary policy to depart from its current ultra-accommodative position. Beyond macroeconomic factors, the book also discusses a supportive financial environment as a precondition for the rebound of global economic activity, stressing that understanding capital flows is a prerequisite for economic-policy decisions.
