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Statistical Machine Translation

Statistical Machine Translation
Author: Philipp Koehn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 447
Release: 2010
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0521874157

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The dream of automatic language translation is now closer thanks to recent advances in the techniques that underpin statistical machine translation. This class-tested textbook from an active researcher in the field, provides a clear and careful introduction to the latest methods and explains how to build machine translation systems for any two languages. It introduces the subject's building blocks from linguistics and probability, then covers the major models for machine translation: word-based, phrase-based, and tree-based, as well as machine translation evaluation, language modeling, discriminative training and advanced methods to integrate linguistic annotation. The book also reports the latest research, presents the major outstanding challenges, and enables novices as well as experienced researchers to make novel contributions to this exciting area. Ideal for students at undergraduate and graduate level, or for anyone interested in the latest developments in machine translation.


Machine Translation

Machine Translation
Author: Thierry Poibeau
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 298
Release: 2017-09-15
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262534215

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A concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and major players in the industry. The dream of a universal translation device goes back many decades, long before Douglas Adams's fictional Babel fish provided this service in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Since the advent of computers, research has focused on the design of digital machine translation tools—computer programs capable of automatically translating a text from a source language to a target language. This has become one of the most fundamental tasks of artificial intelligence. This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers a concise, nontechnical overview of the development of machine translation, including the different approaches, evaluation issues, and market potential. The main approaches are presented from a largely historical perspective and in an intuitive manner, allowing the reader to understand the main principles without knowing the mathematical details. The book begins by discussing problems that must be solved during the development of a machine translation system and offering a brief overview of the evolution of the field. It then takes up the history of machine translation in more detail, describing its pre-digital beginnings, rule-based approaches, the 1966 ALPAC (Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee) report and its consequences, the advent of parallel corpora, the example-based paradigm, the statistical paradigm, the segment-based approach, the introduction of more linguistic knowledge into the systems, and the latest approaches based on deep learning. Finally, it considers evaluation challenges and the commercial status of the field, including activities by such major players as Google and Systran.


Neural Machine Translation

Neural Machine Translation
Author: Philipp Koehn
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2020-06-18
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1108497322

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Learn how to build machine translation systems with deep learning from the ground up, from basic concepts to cutting-edge research.


Learning Machine Translation

Learning Machine Translation
Author: Cyril Goutte
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 329
Release: 2009
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0262072971

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How Machine Learning can improve machine translation: enabling technologies and new statistical techniques.


Machine Translation

Machine Translation
Author: Bonnie Jean Dorr
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 466
Release: 1993
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262041386

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This book describes a novel, cross-linguistic approach to machine translation that solves certain classes of syntactic and lexical divergences by means of a lexical conceptual structure that can be composed and decomposed in language-specific ways. This approach allows the translator to operate uniformly across many languages, while still accounting for knowledge that is specific to each language.


Machine Translation

Machine Translation
Author: John Lehrberger
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 257
Release: 1988-01-01
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027286205

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The use of the computer in translating natural languages ranges from that of a translator's aid for word processing and dictionary lookup to that of a full-fledged translator on its own. However the obstacles to translating by means of the computer are primarily linguistic. To overcome them it is necessary to resolve the ambiguities that pervade a natural language when words and sentences are viewed in isolation. The problem then is to formalize, in the computer, these aspects of natural language understanding. The authors show how, from a linguistic point of view, one may form some idea of what goes on inside a system's black box, given only the input (original text) and the raw output (translated text before post-editing). Many examples of English/French translation are used to illustrate the principles involved.


Readings in Machine Translation

Readings in Machine Translation
Author: Sergei Nirenburg
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 444
Release: 2003
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780262140744

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The field of machine translation (MT) - the automation of translation between human languages - has existed for more than 50 years. MT helped to usher in the field of computational linguistics and has influenced methods and applications in knowledge representation, information theory, and mathematical statistics.


Translation Engines: Techniques for Machine Translation

Translation Engines: Techniques for Machine Translation
Author: Arturo Trujillo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 307
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1447105877

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Machine translation (MT) is the area of computer science and applied linguistics dealing with the translation of human languages such as English and German. MT on the Internet has become an important tool by providing fast, economical and useful translations. With globalisation and expanding trade, demand for translation is set to grow. Translation Engines covers theoretical and practical aspects of MT, both classic and new, including: - Character sets and formatting languages - Translation memory - Linguistic and computational foundations - Basic computational linguistic techniques - Transfer and interlingua MT - Evaluation Software accompanies the text, providing readers with hands on experience of the main algorithms.


Machine Translation

Machine Translation
Author: Yorick Wilks
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2008-10-30
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0387727744

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A history of machine translation (MT) from the point of view of a major writer and innovator in the field is the subject of this book. It details the deep differences between rival groups on how best to do MT, and presents a global perspective covering historical and contemporary systems in Europe, the US and Japan. The author considers MT as a fundamental part of Artificial Intelligence and the ultimate test-bed for all computational linguistics.


Machine Translation and Transliteration involving Related, Low-resource Languages

Machine Translation and Transliteration involving Related, Low-resource Languages
Author: Anoop Kunchukuttan
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 215
Release: 2021-09-08
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1000422410

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Machine Translation and Transliteration involving Related, Low-resource Languages discusses an important aspect of natural language processing that has received lesser attention: translation and transliteration involving related languages in a low-resource setting. This is a very relevant real-world scenario for people living in neighbouring states/provinces/countries who speak similar languages and need to communicate with each other, but training data to build supporting MT systems is limited. The book discusses different characteristics of related languages with rich examples and draws connections between two problems: translation for related languages and transliteration. It shows how linguistic similarities can be utilized to learn MT systems for related languages with limited data. It comprehensively discusses the use of subword-level models and multilinguality to utilize these linguistic similarities. The second part of the book explores methods for machine transliteration involving related languages based on multilingual and unsupervised approaches. Through extensive experiments over a wide variety of languages, the efficacy of these methods is established. Features Novel methods for machine translation and transliteration between related languages, supported with experiments on a wide variety of languages. An overview of past literature on machine translation for related languages. A case study about machine translation for related languages between 10 major languages from India, which is one of the most linguistically diverse country in the world. The book presents important concepts and methods for machine translation involving related languages. In general, it serves as a good reference to NLP for related languages. It is intended for students, researchers and professionals interested in Machine Translation, Translation Studies, Multilingual Computing Machine and Natural Language Processing. It can be used as reference reading for courses in NLP and machine translation. Anoop Kunchukuttan is a Senior Applied Researcher at Microsoft India. His research spans various areas on multilingual and low-resource NLP. Pushpak Bhattacharyya is a Professor at the Department of Computer Science, IIT Bombay. His research areas are Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning and AI (NLP-ML-AI). Prof. Bhattacharyya has published more than 350 research papers in various areas of NLP.