Lytic Transglycosylases PDF Download
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Author | : Karen Ann Cloud |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 280 |
Release | : 2004 |
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ISBN | : |
Download Lytic Transglycosylases are Responsible for the Production of Peptidoglycan-derived Cytotoxin in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Anna Isabell Weaver |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2021 |
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Download Lytic Transglycosylases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The bacterial cell wall comprises a strong, covalently closed network of peptidoglycan (PG) strands. While PG synthesis is generally essential for bacterial survival, the cell wall is also by necessity a dynamic structure and undergoes constant degradation and remodeling by "autolysins," enzymes that break bonds within PG. One class of autolysin, the lytic transglycosylases (LTGs), cleaves the glycosidic linkages within PG strands. Despite LTGs having well-described biochemical properties, LTG redundancy and diversity have stymied understanding of their fundamental physiological roles. LTGs have been mostly assigned various non-essential, or poorly defined, pleiotropic functions and so there has been no clear evidence to explain why this extreme redundancy, usually indicating an essential function, is so widely conserved amongst diverse bacteria. The diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae encodes eight known LTGs and inactivating single LTGs rarely generates a significant mutant phenotype from which to infer physiological importance. Therefore, rather than directly pursuing individual LTGs, we sought to explore the collective function of the entire enzymatic class by interrogating a mutant lacking all known LTGs. In doing so, we found that V. cholerae must retain at least one active LTG for survival and subsequently characterized the first truly essential role fulfilled by LTGs : clearance of PG debris from the periplasm which accumulates during normal cell wall expansion and remodeling, or during cell wall damage. Coincidentally, this addresses a fundamental question about how bacteria maintain the integrity of a dynamic cell wall through temporal separation of this LTG-mediated autolysis from synthesis, likely independent of previously hypothesized protein-protein interactions. By systematically re-introducing LTGs back into LTG-deficient mutants, we have also created a platform for empirically organizing diverse LTGs into functional families where previously they could only be categorized by their biochemistry. For example, one functional group includes LTGs that are specifically required for clearance of PG debris during septation and daughter cell separation. Another group likely contributes to the elusive, and now confirmed essential, function of releasing newly synthesized PG from the inner membrane. This platform is far from exhaustion and will continue to yield critical information about lytic transglycosylases and their relationship with cell wall homeostasis.
Author | : University of Guelph. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 209 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780612949911 |
Download Bacterial Lytic Transglycosylases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Joseph Ciufo |
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Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2017 |
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Download Inhibition of Membrane-Bound Lytic Transglycosylases A, B and F by Membrane-Bound Lysozyme Inhibitor of C-type Lysozyme Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential component of bacterial cells that forms a mesh-like sacculus that surrounds the cell. Lytic transglycosylases (LTs) are space-making enzymes that are essential for the cleavage of glycosidic linkages in the PG sacculus. This study proposes that the physiological function of the proteinaceous inhibitor, membrane-bound lysozyme inhibitor of C-type lysozyme (MliC) from P. aeruginosa, is to control LT activity from the same bacterium. This study examined the role of MliC as an inhibitor of the soluble-derivatives of membrane-bound lytic transglycosylases A (sMltA), B (sMltB) and F (sMltF). Inhibition of sMltA and sMltF was demonstrated in vitro at a 1:1 equivalent molar ratio (inhibitor: LT), and inhibition of sMltB was found at a 4:1 equivalent molar ratio using the turbidimetric assay. These results provide the first experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that the true physiological function of MliC is to control the autolytic activity of LTs.
Author | : Kathryn Holland |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2014 |
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Download Inhibition of Membrane-Bound Lytic Transglycosylase F (MltF) by Inhibitors of Lysozyme Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Erik J. van Asselt |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 173 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789036711524 |
Download Structure and Reaction Mechanism of Lytic Transglycosylases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Adam L. Mark |
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Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2011 |
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Download Development of a Method to Generate a Soluble Substrate for Lytic Transglycosylases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : University of Guelph. Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 254 |
Release | : 2008 |
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Download Identification of YFHD from Escherichia Coli as Membrane-bound Lytic Transglycosylase F, the Archetype for Family 1B Lytic Transglycosylases Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Christopher Jenkins |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : |
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Download Investigating the Lytic Transglycosylases of Burkholderia Pseudomallei Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Neil Blackburn |
Publisher | : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada |
Total Pages | : 242 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9780612711785 |
Download Characterization of Family Three Lytic Transglycosylases from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa [microform] Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle