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Littoral Operations in a Contested Environment

Littoral Operations in a Contested Environment
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 30
Release: 2017
Genre: Amphibious warfare
ISBN:

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The purpose of this concept is to describe "naval operations in the littoral environment in light of emerging threats" in order to provide a unified framework for Navy-Marine Corps innovation. It places a renewed emphasis on fighting for and gaining sea control, to include employing sea-based and land-based Marine Corps capabilities to support the sea control fight. This concept introduces ideas on how naval forces could be organized, trained and equipped to enhance their ability to operate in contested littoral environments.


Littoral Combat Groups

Littoral Combat Groups
Author: Naval Postgraduate School
Publisher:
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2020-12-25
Genre:
ISBN:

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What is the ideal force structure for a Littoral Combat Group? This thesis examines the threats posed in the littoral environment and recommends a mixture of surface combatants to reduce the risk to forces operating in a contested littoral environment. By examining the major amphibious campaign conducted by the British in the Falklands War, valuable lessons were extracted and applied to this hypothetical combat group. Further analysis was applied to the theoretical work of naval strategists who have considered how littoral warfare should be conducted. The result has been the development of counterarguments to some of the more widely accepted recommendations. This thesis concludes that the Navy and Marine Corps are currently not well prepared for littoral combat, but that the scales can be tipped toward success by feasible revisions to command arrangements and the embarked force structure.


Commandant's Planning Guidance

Commandant's Planning Guidance
Author: General David H. Berger
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2020-10-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781608881475

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The Commandant's Planning Guidance (CPG) provides the 38th Commandant's strategic direction for the Marine Corps and mirrors the function of the Secretary of Defense's Defense Planning Guidance (DPG). It serves as the authoritative document for Service-level planning and provides a common direction to the Marine Corps Total Force. It also serves as a road map describing where the Marine Corps is going and why; what the Marine Corps force development priorities are and are not; and, in some instances, how and when prescribed actions will be implemented. This CPG serves as my Commandant's Intent for the next four years. As Commandant Neller observed, "The Marine Corps is not organized, trained, equipped, or postured to meet the demands of the rapidly evolving future operating environment." I concur with his diagnosis. Significant change is required to ensure we are aligned with the 2018 National Defense Strategy (NDS) and DPG, and further, prepared to meet the demands of the Naval Fleet in executing current and emerging operational naval concepts. Effecting that change will be my top priority as your 38th Commandant. This CPG outlines my five priority focus areas: force design, warfighting, education and training, core values, and command and leadership. I will use these focal areas as logical lines of effort to frame my thinking, planning, and decision-making at Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC), as well as to communicate to our civilian leadership. This document explains how we will translate those focus areas into action with measurable outcomes. The institutional changes that follow this CPG will be based on a long-term view and singular focus on where we want the Marine Corps to be in the next 5-15 years, well beyond the tenure of any one Commandant, Presidential administration, or Congress. We cannot afford to retain outdated policies, doctrine, organizations, or force development strategies. The coming decade will be characterized by conflict, crisis, and rapid change - just as every decade preceding it. And despite our best efforts, history demonstrates that we will fail to accurately predict every conflict; will be surprised by an unforeseen crisis; and may be late to fully grasp the implications of rapid change around us. The Arab Spring, West African Ebola Outbreak, Scarborough Shoal standoff, Russian invasion of eastern Ukraine, and weaponization of social media are but a few recent examples illustrating the point. While we must accept an environment characterized by uncertainty, we cannot ignore strong signals of change nor be complacent when it comes to designing and preparing the force for the future. What is abundantly clear is that the future operating environment will place heavy demands on our Nation's Naval Services. Context and direction is clearly articulated in the NDS and DPG as well as testimony from our uniformed and civilian leadership. No further guidance is required; we are moving forward. The Marine Corps will be trained and equipped as a naval expeditionary force-in-readiness and prepared to operate inside actively contested maritime spaces in support of fleet operations. In crisis prevention and crisis response, the Fleet Marine Force - acting as an extension of the Fleet - will be first on the scene, first to help, first to contain a brewing crisis, and first to fight if required to do so. The Marine Corps will be the "force of choice" for the President, Secretary, and Combatant Commander - "a certain force for an uncertain world" as noted by Commandant Krulak. No matter what the crisis, our civilian leaders should always have one shared thought - Send in the Marines.


First to Fight

First to Fight
Author: V H Krulak
Publisher: Naval Institute Press
Total Pages: 247
Release: 1999-02-22
Genre: History
ISBN: 1612511619

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In this riveting insider's chronicle, legendary Marine General "Brute" Krulak submits an unprecedented examination of U.S. Marines—their fights on the battlefield and off, their extraordinary esprit de corps. Deftly blending history with autobiography, action with analysis, and separating fact from fable, General Krulak touches the very essence of the Corps: what it means to be a Marine and the reason behind its consistently outstanding performance and reputation. Krulak also addresses the most basic but challenging question of all about the Corps: how does it manage to survive—even to flourish—despite overwhelming political odds and, as the general writes, ""an extraordinary propensity for shooting itself in the foot?"" To answer this question Krulak examines the foundation on which the Corps is built, a system of intense loyalty to God, to country, and to other Marines. He also takes a close look at Marines in war, offering challenging accounts of their experiences in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. In addition, he describes the Corps's relationship to other services, especially during the unification battles following World War II, and offers new insights into the decision-making process in times of crisis. First published in hardcover in 1984, this book has remained popular ever since with Marines of every rank.


Naval Mine Warfare

Naval Mine Warfare
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2001-09-19
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309170559

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Sea mines have been important in naval warfare throughout history and continue to be so today. They have caused major damage to naval forces, slowed or stopped naval actions and commercial shipping, and forced the alteration of strategic and tactical plans. The threat posed by sea mines continues, and is increasing, in today's world of inexpensive advanced electronics, nanotechnology, and multiple potential enemies, some of which are difficult to identify. This report assesses the Department of the Navy's capabilities for conducting naval mining and countermining sea operations.


Naval Operations Concept 2010

Naval Operations Concept 2010
Author: United States. Navy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre: Deployment (Strategy)
ISBN:

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Describes when, where and how U.S. naval forces will contribute to preventing conflict and prevailing in war. It guides Maritime Strategy implementation in a manner consistent with national strategy, and describes the ways with which the sea services will achieve the ends articulated in A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower. NOC 10 describes who we are as a Naval Service, what we believe, where we operate, and what we provide the Nation. In this era of strategic uncertainty, regionally concentrated and globally distributed naval forces are uniquely capable of preventing conflict and, when necessary, prevailing in war.


Combined Operations

Combined Operations
Author: Jeremy Black
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 263
Release: 2017-09-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 1442276940

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This compelling book provides the first global history of the evolution of combined operations since Antiquity. Beginning with amphibious warfare in the ancient world of the Romans, Vikings, and Mongols, Jeremy Black advances through the Gunpowder Revolution, the rise of maritime empires and the formation of nation-states, the early Industrial Revolution and the adaptation of modern technology to warfare, the twentieth-century world wars, the Cold War, and concluding with the modern age of irregular and asymmetric conflict. Black’s informed and analytical narrative emphasizes conflicts around the world, focusing not only on leading powers but also regional combatants. His case studies include amphibious operations in the Mongol invasions of Japan, the War for American Independence, and the Gallipoli campaign of World War I. He also explores the development and effectiveness of airborne operations as a way to project military power inland. Offering a balanced assessment of strategic, operational, and technical developments over time, Black considers both the potential and limitations of amphibious and airborne warfare—past, present, and future.


Fleet Tactics and Coastal Combat

Fleet Tactics and Coastal Combat
Author: Wayne Hughes
Publisher: Naval Institute Press
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2014-08-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 1612518303

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This major revision updates Wayne Hughes's 1986 landmark study that is credited with providing decision makers a sound foundation for battle planning and tactical thinking. The book integrates the historical evolution of tactics, analysis, and fleet operations, and today it can serve as a primer for anyone who wants to learn how navies fight and win. This second edition includes much new material on combat in the missile age and reflects the reconfiguration of many tactics for littoral operations after the fall of the Soviet Union. Hughes recreates famous battles to show how tactics have changed through the ages and the ways in which they have remained unchanged. He covers tactical interaction between land and sea, the sensory revolution of WWII, secret weapons and maritime surprise, the role in battle of leadership and morale, and the importance of surface warships in today's U.S. fleet. He suggests that naval tactics, unlike ground combat, are dominated by the offense and concludes that the great tactical maxim must be attack effectively first. A new chapter traces the evolution of missile tactics at sea and includes details of attacks on ships. Many changes emphasize joint operations and coastal combat. The already extensive appraisal of command and control and information warfare is further expanded to cover modern naval operations and the character of modern salvo warfare. In the tradition of Mahan and Clauswitz, this classic text incorporates literature, politics, and a knowledge of human nature. Indispensable reading for all those interested in naval tactics, it is also a valuable reference for wargamers


From the Sea

From the Sea
Author: William Feeny Foster (Jr.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 30
Release: 1994
Genre: Amphibious warfare
ISBN:

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Joint Operational Warfare

Joint Operational Warfare
Author: Milan N. Vego
Publisher: Government Printing Office
Total Pages: 1496
Release: 2009
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9781884733628

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Smallholder farmers and pastoralists fulfil an invaluable yet undervalued role in conserving biodiversity. They act as guardians of locally adapted livestock breeds that can make use of even marginal environments under tough climatic conditions and therefore are a crucial resource for food security. But in addition, by sustaining animals on natural vegetation and as part of local ecosystems, these communities also make a significant contribution to the conservation of wild biodiversity and of cultural landscapes. This publication provides a glimpse into the often intricate knowledge systems that pastoralists and smallholder farmers have developed for the management of their breeds in specific production systems and it also describes the multitude of threats and challenges these often marginalized communities have to cope with.