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L'intensité de la fréquentation de la garderie diminue les contributions de l'environnement partagé à la préparation scolaire

L'intensité de la fréquentation de la garderie diminue les contributions de l'environnement partagé à la préparation scolaire
Author: Éloi Gagnon
Publisher:
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN:

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La fréquentation des garderies améliore la préparation scolaire et la réussite scolaire, en particulier pour les enfants issus de ménages socio-économiques défavorisés. Plus généralement, la garderie pourrait réduire les contributions de l’environnement familial à la préparation scolaire. Dans ce mémoire, j’ai utilisé un échantillon prospectif, populationnel et génétiquement descriptif de 648 paires de jumeaux pour effectuer une analyse d'interaction gènes-environnement et évaluer comment la fréquentation de la garderie modère les contributions génétiques, de l'environnement partagé et de l'environnement unique à la préparation scolaire. J’ai montré qu'un nombre élevé d'heures de fréquentation de la garderie diminue la contribution de l'environnement partagé (mais pas de la génétique et de l'environnement unique) à la préparation scolaire. Certaines recherches antérieures avaient démontré que les garderies diminuent l'impact des caractéristiques familiales spécifiques négatives (p. ex. statut socio-économique faible, faible stimulation maternelle, faible scolarité maternelle). Mes résultats supportent l’idée que la fréquentation de la garderie est associée plus généralement à une diminution de l'influence totale de la famille sur les habiletés scolaires. Ainsi, la garderie pourrait agir comme un environnement normalisateur, en diminuant les différences entre les familles et en protégeant d'un environnement familial moins stimulant. Ces résultats présentent la garderie comme un moyen d'assurer que chaque enfant ait une chance égale d'apprendre avant l'entrée à l'école. Cependant, sa nonuniversalité et son accès restreint créent une situation pernicieuse dans laquelle les enfants issus de familles à faible niveau socio-économique sont moins susceptibles de s'inscrire à la garderie, bien que ce soient eux qui en bénéficieraient le plus.


The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care

The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care
Author: Gordon Cleveland
Publisher: Childcare Resource & Research Unit, University of Toronto
Total Pages: 100
Release: 1998
Genre: Day care centers
ISBN: 9781896051031

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This report details an assessment of the economic impact of a major investment of public money in good quality child care for Canadian children 2 to 5 years of age. Chapter 1 provides an extended discussion of the background and techniques of economic analysis used to make judgments about the economic benefits and costs of child care. Chapter 2 reviews evidence concerning the developmental and educational impacts of child care on young children. Chapter 3 presents and analyzes evidence concerning the economic impacts of child care on mothers' participation in the labor force in particular, and on family life in general. Chapter 4 considers the economy-wide employment effects and the macroeconomic effects of potential child care programs. Chapter 5 calculates, using a variety of approximation techniques, the value of the benefits and the costs of a program of high quality child care for all preschoolers. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions, which note that the incremental benefits of the identified changes to child care arrangements in Canada amount to approximately two dollars for every dollar of cost to the public purse. The report argues that society has the responsibility to care for preschool and school-age children, and to provide parental leave from work. Appendices include, "Problems with Studies on Child Development" and "Methodology of Costs and Benefits Calculation." (Contains approximately 200 references.) (KB)


Opening Doors

Opening Doors
Author: The World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2013-02-07
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0821397648

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The report analyzes key challenges for improving gender equality in the MENA region and provides policy priorities that Governments could consider to address these challenges. By and large the critical areas are in improving economic and political participation of females.


Treatment of Tuberculosis

Treatment of Tuberculosis
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
Total Pages: 60
Release: 1993
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

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Abecedarian

Abecedarian
Author: Craig T. Ramey
Publisher: Sociometrics Corporation
Total Pages: 364
Release: 2012-01-01
Genre: Child development
ISBN: 9781478114888

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This is a history and practical guide about The Abecedarian Project, an early education experiment launched in 1971 and then replicated in multiple other studies. The Abecedarian Approach is evidence-informed and "total child" in the way it promotes learning and positive academic and social outcomes for children who begin life "at risk" due to social or biological factors. The Abecedarian Project is a landmark study conducted in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with 111 children born into extremely impoverished life circumstances. The intervention involved intensive learning and social-emotional supports, starting in infancy and continuing until at least kindergarten entry, for children and their families. For the first-time ever, this book brings together all of the key details of this scientific and educational project so that community leaders, educators, policymakers, and parents know exactly what the "Abecedarian Approach" means. This book provides a down-to-earth blueprint for how to use and adapt the Abecedarian Approach for different groups of children and families living in many diverse communities in today's rapidly changing world. The book emphasizes how to actively engage young children and their families so that children receive the full range of enriching, growth-promoting experiences they need to be well-prepared for school entry and later achievement in academic and personal-social areas. The Abecedarian Approach has been used successfully in center-based care, home visiting programs, family day homes, and public school pre-K settings. Today, the Abecedarian Approach is one of the few evidence-based, proven programs that integrates basic principles of human learning and development into a fun, affordable, and effective approach to early childhood education. Reviews for the book include:"For the first time, by the foremost scholars and originators of Abecedarian, we have a top-notch, thorough review of its efforts and accomplishments that is both comprehensive and comprehensible. Laden with the extraordinary insight and vision that characterizes Abecedarian itself, this volume retells the inside story of America's leading effort to implement and evaluate our nation's premier program for young children and families. Practitioners, policy makers, and scholars will find this an outstanding, eminently usable, and indispensable recapitulation of what we thought we knew....but didn't really!!! It's the inside "take" on a national effort in which we all should take great pride." -Sharon Lynn Kagan, EdD, Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Early Childhood and Family Policy; Co-Director, National Center for Children & Families; Professor Adjunct, Yale Child Study Center, Yale University "Abecedarian: The Ideas, the Approach, and the Findings is a book of enormous historical and contemporary significance because it clearly provides the "why" and the "what" behind the findings of Abecedarian's remarkable success in helping children thrive. It is must reading for every early childhood educator and for all who care about children's futures." -Ellen Galinsky, President, Families and Work Institute; Author, Mind in the Making "Over the past few decades, the findings from the Abecedarian Project have been so useful in educating legislators and the business community about the importance of high quality programs and supports for young children and their families. Now, educators and researchers get to hear the whole story surrounding the approach and research. If policymakers, including legislators and school board members, would read and act upon what they learn from this book, our youngest, most venerable children would all have a chance to be successful in life. A MUST READ for all of us!" -Kathy R. Thornburg, PhD, Director, Center for Family Policy & Research, University of Missouri


The Social Psychology of Minorities

The Social Psychology of Minorities
Author:
Publisher: Minority Rights Group
Total Pages: 24
Release: 1978-12-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0903114518

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Us and Them: why do some groups feel superior to others? Why is it that all too often the ‘inferior’ group accepts the evaluation of their status by the ‘superior’ group? What happens when an ‘inferior’ group decides to challenge the ‘superior’ group, and how do they go about it? Can a minority group seek to achieve equal treatment from the majority society but also retain their separate identity? The Social Psychology of Minorities seeks to answer these important questions which are of vital relevance to understanding the social realities of people’s lives and particularly to the mechanics of prejudice and discrimination. Written by Henri Tajfel, former Professor of Social Psychology at Bristol University, this succinct analysis discusses such concepts as the internal and external criteria of a minority group, the effects of social change, and the process and patterns of rejection and acceptance. An important report on a subject which helps to shape the relationship between minority groups and the majority society, The Social Psychology of Minorities will be especially useful to those concerned with social science, education and the achievement of good community relations.


Handbook of Adult Resilience

Handbook of Adult Resilience
Author: John W. Reich
Publisher: Guilford Press
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2012-04-02
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 146250647X

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What enables people to bounce back from stressful experiences? How do certain individuals maintain a sense of purpose and direction over the long term, even in the face of adversity? This is the first book to move beyond childhood and adolescence to explore resilience across the lifespan. Coverage ranges from genetic and physiological factors through personal, family, organizational, and community processes. Contributors examine how resilience contributes to health and well-being across the adult life cycle; why—and what happens when—resilience processes fail; ethnic and cultural dimensions of resilience; and ways to enhance adult resilience, including reviews of exemplary programs.


Handbook of Resilience in Children

Handbook of Resilience in Children
Author: Sam Goldstein
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 594
Release: 2023-03-09
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 3031147286

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The third edition of this handbook addresses not only the concept of resilience in children who overcome adversity, but it also explores the development of children not considered at risk addressing recent challenges as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The new edition reviews the scientific literature that supports findings that stress-hardiness and resilience in all children leads to happier and healthier lives as well as improved functionality across the lifespan. In this edition, expert contributors examine resilience in relation to environmental stressors as phenomena in child and adolescent disorders and as a means toward positive adaptation into adulthood. The significantly expanded third edition includes new and significantly revised chapters that explore strategies for developing resilience in families, clinical practice, and educational settings as well as its nurturance in caregivers and teachers. Key areas of coverage include: Exploration of the four waves of resilience research. Resilience in gene-environment transactions. Resilience in boys and girls. Resilience in family processes. Asset building as an essential component of intervention. Assessment of social and emotional competencies related to resilience. Building resilience through school bullying prevention. Resilience in positive youth development. Enhancing resilience through effective thinking. The Handbook of Resilience in Children, Third Edition, is an essential reference for researchers, clinicians and allied practitioners, and graduate students across such interrelated disciplines as child and school psychology, social work, public health as well as developmental psychology, special and general education, child and adolescent psychiatry, family studies, and pediatrics.


Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology

Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology
Author: Jon Rolf
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 580
Release: 1992
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780521439725

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Chapters by distinguished investigators in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and child development, many of whose work led to the new developmental model of psychopathology, provide a unique review of current research on vulnerability and resistance to disorder.


Educational Resilience in inner-city America

Educational Resilience in inner-city America
Author: Margaret C Wang
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2012-10-12
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1136479104

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The story of life in inner-city America and the education of its people is often recounted as a tragedy; the ending is often predictable and usually dire, highlighting deficiency, failure, and negative trends. As with most social problems, children and youth in the inner cities are hit hardest. But this dismal view is only half of the full picture. The cities of our nation are a startling juxtaposition between the despairing and the hopeful, between disorganization and restorative potential. Alongside the poverty and unemployment, the street-fights and drug deals, are a wealth of cultural, economic, educational, and social resources. Often ignored are the resilience and the ability for adaptation which help many who are seemingly confined by circumstance to struggle and succeed "in the face of the odds." This book helps to broaden the utilization of ways to magnify the circumstances known to enhance development and education, so that the burden of adversity is reduced and opportunities are advanced for all children and youth -- especially the children and youth of the inner cities who are in at-risk circumstances. The focus is on: * raising consciousness about the opportunities available to foster resilience among children, families, and communities, and * synthesizing the knowledge base that is central to implementing improvements which serve to better the circumstances and educational opportunities of children and families. This volume is intended for a wide audience of readers, but particularly those who are in a position to shape public policy and deliver educational and human services.