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Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 98 |
Release | : 2014-05-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309301912 |
Download Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Arctic has been undergoing significant changes in recent years. Average temperatures are rising twice as fast as they are elsewhere in the world. The extent and thickness of sea ice is rapidly declining. Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region. Several hypotheses for how Arctic warming may be influencing mid-latitude weather patterns have been proposed recently. For example, Arctic warming could lead to a weakened jet stream resulting in more persistent weather patterns in the mid-latitudes. Or Arctic sea ice loss could lead to an increase of snow on high-latitude land, which in turn impacts the jet stream resulting in cold Eurasian and North American winters. These and other potential connections between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather are the subject of active research. Linkages Between Arctic Warming and Mid-Latitude Weather Patterns is the summary of a workshop convened in September 2013 by the National Research Council to review our current understanding and to discuss research needed to better understand proposed linkages. A diverse array of experts examined linkages between a warming Arctic and mid-latitude weather patterns. The workshop included presentations from leading researchers representing a range of views on this topic. The workshop was organized to allow participants to take a global perspective and consider the influence of the Arctic in the context of forcing from other components of the climate system, such as changes in the tropics, ocean circulation, and mid-latitude sea surface temperature. This report discusses our current understanding of the mechanisms that link declines in Arctic sea ice cover, loss of high-latitude snow cover, changes in Arctic-region energy fluxes, atmospheric circulation patterns, and the occurrence of extreme weather events; possible implications of more severe loss of summer Arctic sea ice upon weather patterns at lower latitudes; major gaps in our understanding, and observational and/or modeling efforts that are needed to fill those gaps; and current opportunities and limitations for using Arctic sea ice predictions to assess the risk of temperature/precipitation anomalies and extreme weather events over northern continents.
Author | : Christopher Steven Hinojosa |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 546 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : Arctic regions |
ISBN | : |
Download Arctic Sea Ice and Large-scale Atmospheric Teleconnections Associated with Greenland Blocking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Sea ice is a critical component of the cryosphere (regions of the Earth where water exists as ice) as it helps to maintain Earth's heat and energy balance, in part, through reflecting incoming shortwave radiation during summer back into space. Due to global warming, Arctic ([greater than or equal to]60°N) temperatures are increasing at twice the rate of the rest of the world, a phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification (AA), and because of this, both the Arctic sea ice and atmosphere have experienced greater variability and extreme conditions. Sea ice extent (SIE) and area (SIA) have steadily diminished since the 1970s, but more persistent and accelerated rates of sea ice loss have been observed since the mid-1990s. The loss of sea ice has affected the Arctic climate, but also has implications for regions of the Northern Hemisphere (NH), including the mid-latitudes (30°-60°N). Atmospheric circulation changes have been observed and associated with the loss of sea ice. These changes have been linked with increased extreme weather such as cold air outbreaks over regions of North America (NA), and more frequent blocking episodes over Greenland and the North Atlantic Ocean. The goal of this research was to assess the potential for Arctic sea ice influence on mid-latitude weather extremes via Greenland blocking. This study is comprised of two parts: the first tested monthly associations between regional Arctic SIE and SIA, and the Greenland blocking time series (as represented by the Greenland Blocking Index; GBI); and the second examined GBI linkages with anomalous weather patterns across NA in those years with extreme sea ice and GBI conditions. Statistical associations from part one were further analyzed in part two through composites of synoptic atmospheric circulation variables (i.e. geopotential height, surface air pressure and temperature, and precipitable water) to draw physical associations to the co-variability of sea ice, blocking patterns, and southward climate conditions over NA. It was found that two Arctic marginal seas, Baffin Bay and the Beaufort Sea, produced the greatest and second greatest number of months with statistically significant associations, respectively. The composite analyses for minimum sea ice and maximum GBI for both Baffin Bay and the Beaufort Sea produced greater instances of anomalously negative values for geopotential height, and surface air pressure and temperature in the mid-latitude region, while precipitable water shows a more mixed response; and greater instances of anomalously positive values for regions of the Arctic for all variables. This study concluded that there are not only statistical links between changing sea ice patterns over certain Arctic marginal seas with increased Greenland blocking episodes, but also that those years of sea ice and blocking extremes can affect mid-latitude weather variables in some months of the year.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 37 |
Release | : 2014-04-13 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309371619 |
Download Arctic Matters Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Viewed in satellite images as a jagged white coat draped over the top of the globe, the high Arctic appears distant and isolated. But even if you don't live there, don't do business there, and will never travel there, you are closer to the Arctic than you think. Arctic Matters: The Global Connection to Changes in the Arctic is a new educational resource produced by the Polar Research Board of the National Research Council (NRC). It draws upon a large collection of peer-reviewed NRC reports and other national and international reports to provide a brief, reader-friendly primer on the complex ways in which the changes currently affecting the Arctic and its diverse people, resources, and environment can, in turn, affect the entire globe. Topics in the booklet include how climate changes currently underway in the Arctic are a driver for global sea-level rise, offer new prospects for natural resource extraction, and have rippling effects through the world's weather, climate, food supply and economy.
Author | : Newton |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 623 |
Release | : 1969 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0080954480 |
Download Atmospheric Circulation Systems: their structure and physical interpretation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Atmospheric Circulation Systems: their structure and physical interpretation
Author | : Peter Wadhams |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 273 |
Release | : 2017-08-08 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0190691174 |
Download A Farewell to Ice Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Based on five decades of research and observation, a haunting and unsparing look at the melting ice caps, and what their disappearance will mean. Peter Wadhams has been studying ice first-hand since 1970, completing 50 trips to the world's poles and observing for himself the changes over the course of nearly five decades. His conclusions are stark: the ice caps are melting. Following the hottest summer on record, sea ice in September 2016 was the thinnest in recorded history. There is now the probability that within a few years the North Pole will be ice-free for the first time in 10,000 years, entering what some call the "Artic death spiral." As sea ice, as well as land ice on Greenland and Antarctica, continues to melt, the rise in sea levels will devastate coastal communities across the world. The collapse of summer ice in the Artic will release large amounts of methane currently trapped by offshore permafrost. Methane has twenty-three times greater greenhouse warming effect per molecule than CO2; an ice-free arctic summer will therefore have an albedo effect nearly equivalent to that of the last thirty years. A sobering but urgent and engaging book, A Farewell to Ice shows us ice's role on our planet, its history, and the true dimensions of the current global crisis, offering readers concrete advice about what they can do, and what must be done.
Author | : Thomas J. Ballinger |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 162 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Climatic changes |
ISBN | : |
Download A Synoptic Climatological Assessment of the Relationship Between Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Climate Anomalies Over North America Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Arctic climate has rapidly changed over the last several decades, especially across the western Arctic Ocean where dramatic alterations to the end-of-summer sea ice extent and autumn freeze-up have been observed. While the spatiotemporal patterns of sea ice variability are well-documented by modern satellite instrumentation, the regional atmospheric causes and subsequent consequences of sea ice changes over this portion of the Arctic remain unclear. This dissertation research utilizes synoptic climatological techniques to evaluate the aforementioned sea ice-climate interactions in the western Arctic and high latitude North America since 1979. Separate atmospheric pattern classifications comprised of daily mean, gridded, sea level pressure and 1000-500 hPa thickness data are developed and associated with the western Arctic September sea ice minima and the timing of continuous autumn freeze-up. Data from a weather typing scheme known as the Spatial Synoptic Classification (SSC) is also employed to holistically evaluate near-surface temperature and moisture changes during the autumn and winter months, as indicated by the anomalous occurrences of the dominant SSC weather types (Dry Polar (DP) and Moist Polar (MP)) within those months, throughout the terrestrial North American Arctic that coincide with western Arctic sea ice freeze-up variability. Results suggest that recent summer increases in Beaufort Sea High pressure patterns, especially during June, play a significant, dynamic role in both the multidecadal and interannual end-of-summer ice extent losses and freeze-up delays witnessed in the region. The general persistence of ice cover formation later into autumn also parallels a transition of DP to MP weather types across much of Alaska and Yukon Territory during autumn and winter months over time. Future work will explore connections between sea ice cover variability, large-scale atmospheric circulation, and surface weather conditions across the Northern Hemisphere high and middle latitudes.
Author | : Ivan E. Frolov |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 305 |
Release | : 2006-08-25 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3540376658 |
Download The Arctic Basin Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A group of authors from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St Petersburg, Russia, have all achieved individual doctoral theses on various aspects of Arctic and Antarctic research. This book is written by experienced group of researchers and authors.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 240 |
Release | : 2014-07-31 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309301866 |
Download The Arctic in the Anthropocene Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.
Author | : Colleen McHugh |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 77 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Climatic changes |
ISBN | : |
Download Understanding Predictive Skill of Arctic Sea Ice and Its Linkage with Mid-latitude Weather and Climate in the NCEP Climate Forecast System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 755 |
Release | : 2022-04-30 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781009157971 |
Download The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.