Lignin Conversion to Value-added Small-molecule Chemicals
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2021 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789174227826 |
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Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2021 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789174227826 |
Author | : Gregg T. Beckham |
Publisher | : Royal Society of Chemistry |
Total Pages | : 544 |
Release | : 2018-03-29 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1782625542 |
"Chapters will specifically focus on the production of fuels and chemicals from lignin."--Page [4] of cover.
Author | : Mark Crocker |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 634 |
Release | : 2020-03-09 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3527344667 |
A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Author | : Zhen Fang |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 442 |
Release | : 2016-09-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9811019657 |
This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research on and the prospects of lignin production, biological, thermal and chemical conversion methods, and lignin technoeconomics. Fundamental topics related to lignin chemistry, properties, analysis, characterization, and depolymerization mechanisms, as well as enzymatic, fungal and bacterial degradation methods are covered. The book also examines practical topics related to technologies for lignin and ultra-pure lignin recovery, activated carbon, carbon fiber production and materials, and addresses the biological conversion of lignin with fungi, bacteria or enzymes to produce chemicals, along with chemical, catalytic, thermochemical and solvolysis conversion methods. Lastly, it presents a case study on practical polyurethane foam production using lignin. Lignin has a bright future and will be an essential feedstock for producing renewable chemicals, biofuels and value-added products. Offering comprehensive information on this promising material, the book represents a valuable resource for students, researchers, academicians and industrialists in the field of biochemistry and energy.
Author | : Pratima Bajpai |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 260 |
Release | : 2023-09-26 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1394191634 |
Enables readers to convert lignin using a variety of depolymerization methods and develop it into industrially relevant and functional compounds Depolymerization of Lignin to Produce Value Added Chemicals summarizes the depolymerization and utilization of lignin from different sources and covers the emerging field of biological depolymerization, enabling the reader to identify the high added value of a biomass residue and support him/her in its possible use for mass and niche high impact application sectors. Lignin has great potential to significantly improve the economics of a biorefinery due to its conversion into value-added products. To illustrate, this book includes information on: Feasibility of large-scale implementation of covered technologies, including thermal, biological, and chemical depolymerization, especially in relation to potential industrial applications "Lignin-first" biorefining approach, and potential applications of lignin-derived monomers and their derivatives as bioactives in food, natural health products, and pharmaceuticals Business and market scenarios and challenges that intersect with lignin, along with perspectives on lignin valorization Benefits and drawbacks of a lignin-first approach to biorefining, and techno-economic considerations of lignin and its applications Depolymerization of Lignin to Produce Value Added Chemicals is an essential resource for researchers, chemists, engineers, analysts, and consultants within universities, independent research organizations, and government.
Author | : Chunbao Xu |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 164 |
Release | : 2017-06-05 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 366254959X |
This book presents an overview of various types of lignin and their unique structures and properties, as well as utilizations of crude or modified technical lignin for high-value bioproducts such as lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, epoxy resins, PF foams, PU foams, rubber reinforcement and carbon fibers and as dispersants in drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry. It subsequently discusses various thermal/chemical modification techniques (pyrolysis, direct liquefaction and de-polymerization) for converting lignin into oils and chemical feedstocks, and the utilization of crude lignin, lignin-derived oils or depolymerized lignins (DLs) of reduced molecular weights and improved reactivity to produce lignin-based PF resins/adhesives, PF/PU foams and epoxy resins. The book will interest and benefit a broad readership (graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners) in various fields of science and technology (chemical engineering, biotechnology, chemistry, material science, forestry, etc.). Chunbao (Charles) Xu, PhD, is currently a Professor of Chemical Engineering and NSERC/FPInnovations Industrial Research Chair in Forest Biorefinery at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. Fatemeh Ferdosian, PhD, is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Waterloo, Canada.
Author | : Yu Gao (Chemical engineer) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 177 |
Release | : 2018 |
Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
ISBN | : |
Increasing world population has led to great demands for fuels, chemicals, and materials, and has raised concerns over the depletion of non-renewable resources and the environmental impacts of their processing and utilization. However, the biorefinery concept suggests lignocellulosic biomass can be used as an alternative resource for producing a range of fuels, chemicals and materials to fulfill these demands in a sustainable way. Hence, fermentation technologies are widely developed to efficiently utilize lignocellulosic carbohydrates. However, the non-carbohydrate fraction of biomass, lignin, is still considered as waste and is under-utilized as low-grade fuel, mainly for local heat and electricity production. Since lignin comprises 30% of the total carbon in lignocellulosic biomass, the under-utilization of lignin violates a major goal of the biorefinery concept: to efficiently convert the renewable carbon and energy stored in biomass into a range of products with higher value. Meanwhile, the aromatic structure of lignin suggests that selective deconstruction of lignin has great potential in generating fuels and platform chemicals. However, the conversion of lignin into economical transportation fuels and value-added chemicals is currently limited by the insufficient development of conversion technologies. Thus, this dissertation presents four research studies focused on understanding the lignin phenomena required for its selective deconstruction into a narrow distribution of desired value-added products. (Study 1) The structural complexity of lignin makes typical reaction network and kinetic analysis difficult. Thus, using lignin model polymers, this study focuses on understanding the reaction network and kinetics involved in the cleavage of aryl ether linkages ([beta]-O-4) in a polymer via copper porous metal oxides (CuPMO) catalyst in methanol (MeOH). (Study 2) CuPMO catalyzes not only cleavage of aryl ether linkages but also the undesired reduction of aromatic rings. This study focuses on understanding reaction networks that prevent reduction of aromatic rings upon the addition of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to the lignin depolymerization reaction with CuPMO in MeOH. (Study 3) Instead of using lignin model polymers, another approach to resolve reaction networks and kinetics for lignin is to develop novel methods of analyzing lignin product distributions. This study applies positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data obtained on low molecular weight products in an effort to simplify the analysis of lignin depolymerization. (Study 4) This study exploits in-situ magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), a novel technique to monitor the depolymerization network and kinetics of lignin. Studies in this dissertation demonstrate that CuPMO catalyst can effectively convert lignin into value-added phenolic products. Moreover, with the addition of DMC, the aromaticity of lignin-derived products can be enhanced by stabilizing phenolic intermediates against further hydrogenation. In addition, this dissertation also illustrates the application of novel techniques to characterize lignin during depolymerization and lignin-derived products after depolymerization. First, PMF analysis is shown to provide valuable structural information on a large number of lignin depolymerization products generated under different conditions. Then, in-situ MAS ssNMR is used to obtain a better understanding of the depolymerization reaction network and kinetics of lignin. Lastly, a future perspective is presented, detailing the probable next stage of study in the conversion of lignin into desired chemicals.
Author | : Matheus Poletto |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 310 |
Release | : 2018-03-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9535139010 |
Lignin - Trends and Applications consists of 11 chapters related to the lignin structure, modification, depolymerization, degradation process, computational modeling, and applications. This is a useful book for readers from diverse areas, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering. It is expected that this book may expand the reader's knowledge about this complex natural polymer.
Author | : Abd El-Fatah Abomohra |
Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
Total Pages | : 210 |
Release | : 2019-12-18 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1789239877 |
Lignocellulosic wastes has been widely discussed as a promising natural chemical source and alternative feedstock for second-generation biofuels. However, there are still many technical and economic challenges facing its utilization. Lignin is one of the components of lignocellulosic biomass, and is the most rigid constituent and can be considered as a glue providing the cell wall with stiffness and the plant tissue with compressive strength. In addition, it provides resistance to chemical and physical damage. Resistance of lignocelluloses to hydrolysis is mainly from the protection of cellulose by lignin and cellulose binding to hemicellulose. The present book provides basic knowledge and recent research on different applications of biomass, focusing on the bioenergy and different pretreatment methods that overcome the aforementioned hurdles.
Author | : Alírio Egídio Rodrigues |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 166 |
Release | : 2018-10-01 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319993135 |
This book offers the state of the art on the progress and accomplishments of 25 years of research at the Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials on lignin conversion to value-added products and their downstream separation. The first valorisation pathway presented for lignin is its partial depolymerisation by oxidation for the production of low molecular weight phenolic compounds, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde, and the second one is the lignin application as macromonomer for polyurethane synthesis. In this book, the authors present the integration of these two valorisation pathways as an exclusive vision of LSRE-LCM resulting from hands-on experience on reaction and separation processes: the integrated process for lignin valorisation. In this perspective, the lignin is oxidized to simultaneously produce syringaldehyde and vanillin, and the obtained by-products to produce a polyol for lignin-based polyurethanes, completing the lignin value chain. On the perspective of pulp mill-related biorefineries, a valorisation route for eucalyptus bark is also presented, focusing on LSRE-LCM experience on extraction and separation of bioactive polyphenols, giving some insights about further integration of extracted bark on biorefining operations.