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Gestión tecnológica y Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI)

Gestión tecnológica y Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI)
Author: Zahira Moreno Freites
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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Spanish Abstract: Con la promulgación en 2005 de la Ley Orgánica de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (LOCTI) en la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, el Ejecutivo Nacional acometió el propósito de desarrollar principios orientadores en materia de ciencia, tecnología e innovación tales como: organizar el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, definir los lineamientos para orientar las políticas y estrategias de esta actividad y sus aplicaciones, implantar mecanismos institucionales y operativos de promoción, estímulos y fomento de la investigación científica, desarrollar la apropiación social del conocimiento y promover la capacidad uso y circulación del conocimiento a través de la transferencia e innovación tecnológica impulsando así el desarrollo nacional (LOCTI artículo 1). En los cinco años transcurridos (2005-2010), antes de la reforma que comienza a regir en enero 2011 como año base para determinar la existencia y cuantía del tributo, las empresas operativas en el país han estado cumpliendo con este mandato aplicando procesos de gestión tecnológica. Esta investigación se propone alcanzar como objetivo, describir cómo las empresas venezolanas han adelantado sus procesos de gestión tecnológica en el contexto de la normativa legal (LOCTI), vale decir, cómo las empresas seleccionadas han venido asumiendo la innovación y la tecnología en su gestión, cuáles limitaciones han debido enfrentar en este proceso y por último, por qué algunas empresas deciden invertir y otras aportar. El tipo de investigacion es descriptiva, y la selección de las empresas se realizó mediante un muestreo intencional, escogiendo solo aquellas empresas que de acuerdo a sus ingresos (100.000 unidades tributarias) son contribuyentes LOCTI. De veinte empresas seleccionadas confirmaron solamente trece, concluyendo que la mayoría de las empresas consultadas poseen conocimiento y comprensión de lo que significa gestión tecnológica, más allá de la compra de equipos; la mayoría establecen alineación de los procesos administrativos y operativos con la variable tecnológica, la inversión ha sido orientada hacia la mejora de sus procesos y el aprendizaje de su capital de trabajo manifiesto en el acompañamiento de los consultores universitarios; se está dispuesto a la inversión con la presentación de proyectos para fortalecer su desarrollo tecnológico; perciben que la LOCTI es un impuesto más con carácter impositivo, y mantienen expectativas relacionadas con el seguimiento, control yejecución de los proyectos, además no tienen claridad del marco regulatorio de aprobación de los proyectos. Finalmente los problemas más destacados son: a) faltade planificación estratégica/tecnológica que vincule a la gerencia media con indicadores estratégicos del negocio, b) exceso de actividades rutinarias impiden la innovación, preocupación de la gerencia media en asuntos de eficiencia, eficacia (corto plazo) más que la innovación y desarrollo tecnológico, c) dependencia tecnológica, por la sofisticación de las maquinarias.


The Chavismo Files

The Chavismo Files
Author: Fermin Lares
Publisher: Page Publishing Inc
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2015-12-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1682138445

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This book is the record of a case study: Chavismo and its destructive flaw in Venezuela over more than 15 years. It is about a regime that changed the country's democratic institutions. One that replaced the organization of the state to conform it to its convenience. A regime that expropriated productive agricultural, livestock and food businesses; that nationalized private land, buildings, shopping centers, warehouses, factories; that modified in their detriment the values of key institutions of society, such as the military and the oil industry. Hugo Chavez and his accomplices reversed the political and administrative decentralization of the state to focus government action on the President of the Republic. Venezuela was led to the edge of bankruptcy. Scarcity of basic staples became rampant in the country, health was taken to intensive care, and much of its industry was placed in ruins. Chavismo, as the expression of XXI Century Socialism, divided Venezuelans by promoting hatred among them. Criminality rose to unimaginable levels. Human rights were the most violated. These are the files to be used to judge Chavismo before history.


Decontamination of Fresh and Minimally Processed Produce

Decontamination of Fresh and Minimally Processed Produce
Author: Vicente M. Gómez-López
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 577
Release: 2012-05-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0813823846

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Attempts to provide safer and higher quality fresh and minimally processed produce have given rise to a wide variety of decontamination methods, each of which have been extensively researched in recent years. Decontamination of Fresh and Minimally Processed Produce is the first book to provide a systematic view of the different types of decontaminants for fresh and minimally processed produce. By describing the different effects – microbiological, sensory, nutritional and toxicological – of decontamination treatments, a team of internationally respected authors reveals not only the impact of decontaminants on food safety, but also on microbial spoilage, vegetable physiology, sensory quality, nutritional and phytochemical content and shelf-life. Regulatory and toxicological issues are also addressed. The book first examines how produce becomes contaminated, the surface characteristics of produce related to bacterial attachment, biofilm formation and resistance, and sublethal damage and its implications for decontamination. After reviewing how produce is washed and minimally processed, the various decontamination methods are then explored in depth, in terms of definition, generation devices, microbial inactivation mechanisms, and effects on food safety. Decontaminants covered include: chlorine, electrolyzed oxidizing water, chlorine dioxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, essential oils and edible films and coatings. Other decontamination methods addressed are biological strategies (bacteriophages, protective cultures, bacteriocins and quorum sensing) and physical methods (mild heat, continuous UV light, ionizing radiation) and various combinations of these methods through hurdle technology. The book concludes with descriptions of post-decontamination methods related to storage, such as modified atmosphere packaging, the cold chain, and modeling tools for predicting microbial growth and inactivation. The many methods and effects of decontamination are detailed, enabling industry professionals to understand the available state-of-the-art methods and select the most suitable approach for their purposes. The book serves as a compendium of information for food researchers and students of pre- and postharvest technology, food microbiology and food technology in general. The structure of the book allows easy comparisons among methods, and searching information by microorganism, produce, and quality traits.


Measuring Up in Higher Education

Measuring Up in Higher Education
Author: Anthony Welch
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 391
Release: 2021-06-04
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9811579210

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This book examines the quality assessment movement in academic scholarship, as globalization prompts a search for global measures of university services and output. It gauges productivity in terms of universal publication metrics, and considers ranking and research productivity from a comparative perspective. The book considers the use of the “impact factor” as a gauge of publication value, noting that this less important in countries lacking central government appropriations to universities and to research. It argues that pressure to publish in certain journals, and to research topics of interest to English language readers, has been felt differentially in English-language systems, compared to others, but also that performance pressures fall more on younger, more juniour, contract staff, than on senior and tenured professors. It problematizes international comparisons of quality, and analyses the benefits of a zone of ideas and metrics in a common language – promoting international mobility, efficiency, collaboration - but also the costs which are rarely borne equally across countries, languages and cultures. The book provides a strong, evidence-based contribution to major debates in contemporary higher education reforms and the measurement of academic output.