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Valence Bond Theory and Chemical Structure

Valence Bond Theory and Chemical Structure
Author: D. J. Klein
Publisher: Elsevier Publishing Company
Total Pages: 652
Release: 1990
Genre: Chemical bonds
ISBN: 9780444881861

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For the last two or three decades molecular-orbital theory has been the main foundation of descriptions of molecular structure. In recent years, however, there has been a strong resurgence of interest in the older valence bond theory. In this timely book leading researchers describe valence bond theory and its applications to a wide range of chemical problems. The opening articles provide background materials and a historical perspective of the subject. These are followed by articles on recent computational methodology, discussions of recent novel ab initio calculations (as on benzene), descriptions for conceptual chemical bonding ideas as applied both to molecular structures and chemical reactions, and finally several applications involving condensed matter, including polymers, magnetic solids, metals and high-T c superconductors.


The Application of Laser Light Scattering to the Study of Biological Motion

The Application of Laser Light Scattering to the Study of Biological Motion
Author: J. C. Earnshaw
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 682
Release: 2013-11-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1468444875

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Several previous Advanced Study Institutes have concentrated on the techniques of light scattering, while the biological appli cations were not fully explored. Many of the techniques are now standardised and are being applied to a wide range of biologically significant problems both in vivo and in vitro. While laser light scattering methods are superior to conventional methods, there was a general reluctance among biologists to adopt them because of the complexity of the physical techniques and the accompanying mathe matical analysis. Consequently valuable opportunities for advancing the understanding of the biological problems were being missed. Advances in the design and commercial availability of standard light scattering instruments, and the availability of standard computer programs, made the more widespread use of these techniques a practical reality for the biologist. While biologists are unable to cope with the complexities of the physical techniques, physicists are generally unaware of the nature and scale of the biological problems. The meeting at Maratea was an attempt to bring these two groups together and provide an impetus for the application of laser light scattering techniques to biology. This volume differs from the three previous proceedings on laser light scattering in the NATO ASI series (B3, B23, B73), in that it has been published in the Life Sciences series rather than the Physics series, reflecting the shift in emphasis from the development of a new technique to its application in biology.


Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics

Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics
Author: Valeriĭ Viktorovich Tuchin
Publisher:
Total Pages: 688
Release: 2016
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9781628419122

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This text begins by describing the basic principles and diagnostic applications of optical techniques based on detecting and processing the scattering, fluorescence, FT IR, and Raman spectroscopic signals from various tissues, with an emphasis on blood, epithelial tissues, and human skin. The second half of the volume discusses specific imaging technologies, such as Doppler, laser speckle, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.


Lasers in Polymer Science and Technolgy

Lasers in Polymer Science and Technolgy
Author: Jan F. Rabek
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 1989-11-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780849348471

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The purpose of this 4-volume set is to examine some of the applications of lasers in polymer science and technology. Now available for the first time, up-to-date information on this fascinating subject is compiled and presented in compact form. This set focuses on current research and developments in the application of lasers in polymer and biopolymer chemistry. It includes experimental and theoretical details, apparatus, techniques, and applications. This set is a useful source for researchers, students, polymer chemists, and physicists involved in this astonishing field of high technology.


Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology

Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology
Author: Giuseppe Palumbo
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Total Pages: 684
Release: 2007-10-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1847551203

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The introduction of innovative light sources, fibre laser sources and light emitting diodes, is opening unexpected perspectives into optical techniques and is promising new exciting applications in the field of biomedicine. Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology aims to provide an overview of light sources, together with an extensive and authoritative description of the optical techniques in bio-medicine. This book is designed to give biomedical researchers a strong feel for the capability of physical approaches, promote new interdisciplinary interests and persuade more practitioners to take advantage of optical techniques. Current developments in a variety of optical techniques, including Near-Infra Red Spectroscopy, and traditional and advanced fluorescence techniques are covered, ranging from those that are becoming common practice to those that need much more experimentation before they can be accepted as real breakthroughs. Further topics include optical coherence tomography and its variations, polarised light imaging and, principle laser and lamp sources- a usually fragmentary topic, often dispersed among specialist publications. The wide range of topics covered make Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology of interest to a diverse range of scientific communities.


Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy

Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy
Author: Robert R. Alfano
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 458
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323149588

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Biological Events Probed by Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy summarizes the progress in the experimental and theoretical understanding of primary phenomena occurring in biology on a picoseconds and nanosecond time scale. This book includes basic principles, survey of research results, and thinking of experts in the fields of photosynthesis, vision, hemoglobin, and DNA. This reference is organized into five parts. The primary events in the various areas of biology are reviewed in the first four parts. The last part covers the picosecond and subpicosecond laser techniques. Primary processes in photosynthesis are then discussed. This is followed by chapters on fluorescence and absorption kinetic measurements in higher plants. Subsequent chapters cover kinetic measurements in bacteria photosynthesis, theories of primary energy transfer appropriate to photosynthesis, and multiexcitation processes. Part II examines primary visual processes, including kinetic experimental work on rhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin, and theoretical concepts on primary events in vision. The third part presents the introductory materials on the kinetic models of hemoglobin and myoglobin. It also discusses the interesting picosecond measurements on these proteins. Part IV focuses on the application of modern ultrafast temporal techniques to the study of DNA and its components, as well as DNA-dye complexes. The concluding part introduces the principles of design and operation of the solid state laser and picoseconds spectroscopy methods. A discussion on pulse generation methods and measurement techniques applicable for measuring primary events in biological systems is provided. This book is useful both for the newbies and experts in the field of ultrafast phenomena. It aims to attract biologists, chemists, physicists, and engineers who are interested in biological processes. It will help readers find all the necessary and relevant material in one presentation.


Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering by Macromolecules

Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering by Macromolecules
Author: Kenneth S Schmitz
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 470
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323140351

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An Introduction to Dynamic Light Scattering by Macromolecules provides an introduction to the basic concepts of dynamic light scattering (DLS), with an emphasis on the interpretation of DLS data. It presents the appropriate equations used to interpret DLS data. The material is presented in order of increasing complexity of the systems under examination, ranging from dilute solutions of noninteracting particles to concentrated multicomponent solutions of strongly interacting particles and gels. Problems are presented at the end of each chapter to emphasize these concepts. Since a major emphasis of this textbook is the interpretation of DLS data obtained by polarized light scattering studies on macromolecular solutions, the results of complementary experimental techniques are also presented in order to gain insight into the dynamics of these systems. This textbook is intended for (1) advanced undergraduate students and graduate students in the chemical, physical, and biological sciences; (2) scientists who might wish to apply DLS methods to systems of interest to them but who have no formal training in the field of DLS; and (3) those who are simply curious as to the type of information that might be obtained from DLS techniques.


Ultrafast Processes in Spectroscopy

Ultrafast Processes in Spectroscopy
Author: Orazio Svelto
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 628
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1461558972

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This volume is a collection of papers presented at the Ninth International Symposium on "Ultrafast Processes in Spectroscopy" (UPS '95) held at the International Centre for Theo retical Physics (ICTP), Trieste (Italy), October 30 -November 3, 1995. These meetings have become recognized as the major forum in Europe for discussion of new work in this rapidly moving field. The UPS'95 Conference in Trieste brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers sharing common interests in the generation of ultrashort optical pulses and their application to studies of ultrafast phenomena in physics, chemistry, material science, electronics, and biology. It was attended by approximately 250 participants from 20 countries and the five-day program comprises more than 200 papers. The progress of both technology and applications in the field of ultrafast processes during these last years is truly remarkable. The advent of all solid state femtosecond lasers and the extension of laser wavelengths by frequency conversion techniques provide a large variety of high-performance light sources for ultrashort pulses. With these sources ultrafast phenomena in physical, chemical and biological systems and in electronic de vi(:es are now studied extensively. Ultrafast technology is becoming one of the basic and common tools presently entering a wide variety of scientific fields not only for basic re search but also for promoting new applications in various areas. We feel that these pro ceedings vividly reflect the present status of the field.