Large Optics For The National Ignition Facility PDF Download
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| Total Pages | : 159 |
| Release | : 2015 |
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Download Large Optics for the National Ignition Facility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser with its 192 independent laser beams is not only the world's largest laser, it is also the largest optical system ever built. With its 192 independent laser beams, the NIF requires a total of 7648 large-aperture (meter-sized) optics. One of the many challenges in designing and building NIF has been to carry out the research and development on optical materials, optics design, and optics manufacturing and metrology technologies needed to achieve NIF's high output energies and precision beam quality. This paper describes the multiyear, multi-supplier, development effort that was undertaken to develop the advanced optical materials, coatings, fabrication technologies, and associated process improvements necessary to manufacture the wide range of NIF optics. The optics include neodymium-doped phosphate glass laser amplifiers; fused silica lenses, windows, and phase plates; mirrors and polarizers with multi-layer, high-reflectivity dielectric coatings deposited on BK7 substrates; and potassium di-hydrogen phosphate crystal optics for fast optical switches, frequency conversion, and polarization rotation. Also included is a discussion of optical specifications and custom metrology and quality-assurance tools designed, built, and fielded at supplier sites to verify compliance with the stringent NIF specifications. In addition, a brief description of the ongoing program to improve the operational lifetime (i.e., damage resistance) of optics exposed to high fluence in the 351-nm (3[omega]) is provided.
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| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 2003 |
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Download The National Ignition Facility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Ignition Facility, a center for the study of high energy density plasma physics and fusion energy ignition, is currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The heart of the NIF is a frequency tripled, flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass laser system comprised of 192 independent laser beams. The laser system is capable of generating output energies of 1.8MJ at 351nm and at peak powers of 500 TW in a flexible temporal pulse format. A description of the NIF laser system and its major components is presented. We also discuss the manufacture of nearly 7500 precision large optics required by the NIF including data on the manufactured optical quality vs. specification. In addition, we present results from an on-going program to improve the operational lifetime of optics exposed to high fluence in the 351-nm section of the laser.
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| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Precision Assembly and Alignment of Large Optic Modules for the National Ignition Facility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under design and construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), will be the world's biggest laser. The optics for the multipass, 192-beam, high-power, neodymium-glass laser will be assembled and aligned in the NIF Optics Assembly Building (OAB), adjacent to the huge Laser and Target Area Building (LTAB), where they will be installed. To accommodate the aggressive schedule for initial installation and activation, rapid assembly and alignment of large aperture optics into line replaceable units (LRUs) will occur through the use of automated handling, semi-autonomous operations, and strict protocols. The OAB will have to maintain rigorous cleanliness levels, achieve both commonality and versatility to handle the various optic types, and allow for just-in-time processing and delivery of the optics into the LTAB without undoing their strict cleanliness and precise alignment. This paper describes the Project's design philosophy of modularity and hardware commonality and presents the many design challenges encountered. It also describes how, by using a mixture of commercially available and newly designed equipment, we have developed unique systems for assembly and alignment, inspection and verification, and LRU loading and transfer.
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| Release | : 2000 |
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Download NIF Optics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
One of the major highlights of the technology development for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the optics. NIF will be the largest laser ever built, requiring 7500 large optics (over one foot across) and more than 30,000 small optics. The design, manufacture, and assembly of these important pieces have called for innovative ways to make optics of higher quality than ever before, and to do so at unprecedented speeds. The most obvious role of NIF optics is to steer the 192 laser beams through the 700-foot-long building onto a dime-size laser-fusion target. The less obvious optic roles are using NIF laser glass to create laser light out of normal light, and using KDP crystals to convert that laser light to the correct frequency; both of which are technically challenging requirements. The Optics Processing Laboratory and Optics Assembly Building enable the final preparation and mounting of these amazing optics for their use in NIF.
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| Total Pages | : 7 |
| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Getting One-ton, Phone-booth-sized Optic Modules Into the World's Largest Laser Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under design and construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), will be the world's largest laser when complete. The NIF will use about 8,000 large optics of 41 different types to focus up to 192 laser beams on a dime-size target. Each laser component will be packaged into a line-replaceable unit (LRU) made up of a mechanical housing, laser optics (lenses and mirrors), utilities, actuators, and kinematic mounts. Given the constraints of the operating environment, such as high cleanliness and limited space, the tasks associated with LRU interchange require unique and flexible hardware system designs. This paper introduces the Optical Transport and Material Handling designs that will be used to deliver the LRUs in the NIF Laser Bays. These systems use a novel and versatile automated guided vehicle (AGV) for transport. The transport and handling hardware is being designed to allow autonomous, semiautonomous, and manual operations.
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| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Current 3 [omega] Large Optic Test Procedures and Data Analysis for the Quality Assurance of National Ignition Facility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A reliable metric is required to describe the damage resistance of large aperture 3[omega] transmissive optics for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser. The trend from single site testing to the more statistically valid Gaussian scanning test requires a well modeled experimental procedure, accurate monitoring of the test parameters, and careful interpretation of the resulting volumes of data. The methods described here provide reliable quality assurance data, as well as intrinsic damage concentration information used to predict the performance expected under use conditions. This paper describes the equipment, test procedure, and data analysis used to evaluate large aperture 3[omega] optics for the NIF laser.
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| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2016 |
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Download Damage Mechanisms Avoided Or Managed for NIF Large Optics Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
After every other failure mode has been considered, in the end, the high-performance limit of all lasers is set by optical damage. The demands of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) pushed lasers designed as ICF drivers into this limit from their very earliest days. The first ICF lasers were small, and their pulses were short. Their goal was to provide as much power to the target as possible. Typically, they faced damage due to high intensity on their optics. As requests for higher laser energy, longer pulse lengths, and better symmetry appeared, new kinds of damage also emerged, some of them anticipated and others unexpected. This paper will discuss the various types of damage to large optics that had to be considered, avoided to the extent possible, or otherwise managed as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) laser was designed, fabricated, and brought into operation. Furthermore, it has been possible for NIF to meet its requirements because of the experience gained in previous ICF systems and because NIF designers have continued to be able to avoid or manage new damage situations as they have appeared.
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| Total Pages | : 10 |
| Release | : 1997 |
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Download Optical Assembly and Alignment for the National Ignition Facility Project Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will use about 8,000 large optics to carry a high-power laser through a stadium-size building, and will do so on a very tight schedule and budget. The collocated Optics Assembly Building (OAB) will assemble and align, in a clean-room environment, the NIF's large optics, which are the biggest optics ever assembled in such an environment. In addition, the OAB must allow for just-in-time processing and clean transfer to the areas where the optics will be used. By using a mixture of off-the-shelf and newly designed equipment and by working with industry, we have developed innovative handling systems to perform the clean assembly and precise alignment required for the full variety of optics, as well as for postassembly inspection. We have also developed a set of loading mechanisms that safely get the clean optics to their places in the main NIF building.
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| Total Pages | : 6 |
| Release | : 1998 |
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Download Developing Enabling Optics Finishing Technologies for the National Ignition Facility Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is in the process of constructing the National Ignition Facility, a half million square foot facility which will house a 192 beam laser system capable of generating the 2 million joules of ultraviolet light energy necessary to achieve fusion ignition with inertial targets by 2004. More than 7,000 meter class optics will need to be manufactured by LLNL's industrial partners to construct the laser system. The components will be manufactured starting in 1998 and will be finished by 2003. In 1994 it became clear through a series of funded cost studies that, in order to fabricate such an unprecedented number of large precision optics in so short a time for the lowest possible cost, new technologies would need to be developed and new factories constructed based on those technologies. At that time, LLNL embarked on an ambitious optics finishing technology development program costing more than $6M over 3 years to develop these technologies, working with three suppliers of large precision optics. While each development program centered upon the specialties and often proprietary technologies already existing in the suppliers facility, many of the technologies required for manufacturing large precision optics at the lowest cost possible are common to two and in some cases all three efforts. Since many of the developments achieved during this program stemmed from intellectual property and trade secrets at the vendors, the program cannot be described completely in a public forum. Nevertheless, many non-proprietary advances were made during this program which the vendors are willing to share with the greater community. This presentation will describe the manufacturing process in a general sense which is used by all three of the companies under contract; Zygo Corporation, Tinsley Laboratories, and Eastman Kodak. In each of the principle process steps of shaping, grinding, polishing, figuring, and metrology, development highlights will be discussed.
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| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 2004 |
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Download The National Ignition Facility Wavefront Requirements and Optical Architecture Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
With the first four of its eventual 192 beams now executing shots and generating more than 100 kilojoules of laser energy at its primary wavelength of 1.06 [mu]m, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is already the world's largest and most energetic laser. The optical system performance requirements that are in place for NIF are derived from the goals of the missions it is designed to serve. These missions include inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research and the study of matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. These mission requirements have led to a design strategy for achieving high quality focusable energy and power from the laser and to specifications on optics that are important for an ICF laser. The design of NIF utilizes a multipass architecture with a single large amplifier type that provides high gain, high extraction efficiency and high packing density. We have taken a systems engineering approach to the practical implementation of this design that specifies the wavefront parameters of individual optics in order to achieve the desired cumulative performance of the laser beamline. This presentation provides a detailed look at the causes and effects of performance degradation in large laser systems and how NIF has been designed to overcome these effects. We will also present results of spot size performance measurements that have validated many of the early design decisions that have been incorporated in the NIF laser architecture.
