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Language Loyalties

Language Loyalties
Author: James Crawford
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 532
Release: 1992-06
Genre: Education
ISBN: 0226120163

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As late as 1987, two-thirds of the Americans who responded to a national survey believed that English was the official language of the United States. In fact, the Constitution is silent on the issue. Since Senator S. I. Hayakawa first proposed an English Language Amendment in Congress in 1981, Official English has been considered in forty-seven states and adopted by seventeen; the amendment is pending in the 102d Congress. Supporters argue that English has always been our common language—a means of resolving conflicts in a nation of diverse racial, ethnic, and religious groups, and an essential tool of social mobility and cultural integration. Opponents charge that the amendment is unnecessary and that it threatens civil rights, educational opportunities, and free speech, wrapping racist biases in a cloak of patriotism. Language Loyalties: A Source Book on the Official English Controversy provides a balanced, comprehensive guide to this complex and often confusing debate. It is an essential handbook and reference for advocates, educators, policymakers, jurists, scholars, and citizens who seek to join this debate fully informed. Addressing the issues involved in developing America's first planned national language policy, James Crawford has expertly collected and introduced more than eighty-five source documents and articles.


Language Loyalty in the United States

Language Loyalty in the United States
Author: Joshua A. Fishman
Publisher: Hague : Mouton
Total Pages: 494
Release: 1966
Genre: Language and languages
ISBN:

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This is a study of the self-maintenance efforts, rationales, and accomplishments of non-English speaking immigrants on American shores. It is not a study of the assimilation of American immigrants and of the resultant formation of the supra-ethnic American nation. The two processes--de-ethnization and Americanization, opposite cultural-linguistic self-maintenance--are equally ubiquitous throughout all of American history. As a nation we have paid infinitely more attention to the Americanization process than to the self-maintenance process. This study represents an all too preliminary attempt to redress this imbalance in attention. At the present time, non-English language skills are recognized as scarce and vital commodities in the conduct of our nation's international relations. Is it possible that we have appreciable but as yet unrecognized resources of these scarce commodities? This is an attempt to explore the current extent and status of culture and language maintenance efforts. Varying approaches, topics, and levels of collaboration and cross-fertilization were encouraged. It is hoped that the report produced leaves the field of inquiry somewhat more organized than when this effort began.


Language Loyalty in the United States

Language Loyalty in the United States
Author: Joshua A. Fishman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 478
Release: 1978-01-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780405110788

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Language Rights and Language Loyalties

Language Rights and Language Loyalties
Author: Tamar Hostovsky Brandes
Publisher:
Total Pages: 172
Release: 2009
Genre: Israel
ISBN: 9781109040197

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This thesis examines the question of language in liberal regimes. It begins with challenging two assumptions that seem to be wide-spread in liberal scholarship. The first regards the nature of language and the intrinsic value of particular languages. While many scholars view language as a tool of communication only, I argue that language is a constitutive element of personal identity and therefore has intrinsic, and not only instrumental, value. The second assumption regards the moral importance of groups and the idea of group rights. Here, too, I challenge the liberal view that tends to ignore the existence, or undermine the importance, of intermediate groups between the individual and the state, and call for the recognition of the importance of such groups and, correspondingly, the recognition of a concept of group rights. Drawing on theories of self-determination, I argue that the state is an important institution through which group rights are realized and examine the various ways in which the group right to language is realized through the state. The thesis presents two alternative justifications for recognizing non-instrumental group language rights. The first justification, which draws on theories of self-determination, is based on a paradigm of distributive justice. The second justification is based on the notion of recognition and the concept of human dignity. I argue that since language is a constitutive element of identity and an expression of human personality, the state's duty to respect linguistic minorities can also be justified under a concept of dignity. The thesis then examines the manifestation of controversies revolving around language in two countries, the United States and Israel, and the applicability of each of the two justifications I presented to these two countries.


Atlantic Loyalties

Atlantic Loyalties
Author: Francis Andrew McMichael
Publisher: University of Georgia Press
Total Pages: 241
Release: 2008-01-01
Genre: History
ISBN: 0820336505

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Integrating social, cultural, economic, and political history, this is a study of the factors that grounded--or swayed--the loyalties of non-Spaniards living under Spanish rule on the southern frontier. In particular, Andrew McMichael looks at the colonial Spanish administration’s attitude toward resident Americans. The Spanish borderlands systems of slavery and land ownership, McMichael shows, used an efficient system of land distribution and government patronage that engendered loyalty and withstood a series of conflicts that tested, but did not shatter, residents’ allegiance. McMichael focuses on the Baton Rouge district of Spanish West Florida from 1785 through 1810, analyzing why resident Anglo-Americans, who had maintained a high degree of loyalty to the Spanish Crown through 1809, rebelled in 1810. The book contextualizes the 1810 rebellion, and by extension the southern frontier, within the broader Atlantic World, showing how both local factors as well as events in Europe affected lives in the Spanish borderlands. Breaking with traditional scholarship, McMichael examines contests over land and slaves as a determinant of loyalty. He draws on Spanish, French, and Anglo records to challenge scholarship that asserts a particularly “American” loyalty on the frontier whereby Anglo-American residents in West Florida, as disaffected subjects of the Spanish Crown, patiently abided until they could overthrow an alien system. Rather, it was political, social, and cultural conflicts--not nationalist ideology--that disrupted networks by which economic prosperity was gained and thus loyalty retained.


Legacies

Legacies
Author: Alejandro Portes
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 454
Release: 2001-05-31
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 0520228480

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One out of five Americans, more than 55 million people, are first-or second-generation immigrants. This landmark study, the most comprehensive to date, probes all aspects of the new immigrant second generation's lives, exploring their immense potential to transform American society for better or worse. Whether this new generation reinvigorates the nation or deepens its social problems depends on the social and economic trajectories of this still young population. In Legacies, Alejandro Portes and Rubén G. Rumbaut—two of the leading figures in the field—provide a close look at this rising second generation, including their patterns of acculturation, family and school life, language, identity, experiences of discrimination, self-esteem, ambition, and achievement. Based on the largest research study of its kind, Legacies combines vivid vignettes with a wealth of survey and school data. Accessible, engaging, and indispensable for any consideration of the changing face of American society, this book presents a wide range of real-life stories of immigrant families—from Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad, the Philippines, China, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam—now living in Miami and San Diego, two of the areas most heavily affected by the new immigration. The authors explore the world of second-generation youth, looking at patterns of parent-child conflict and cohesion within immigrant families, the role of peer groups and school subcultures, the factors that affect the children's academic achievement, and much more. A companion volume to Legacies, entitled Ethnicities: Children of Immigrants in America, was published by California in Fall 2001. Edited by the authors of Legacies, this book will bring together some of the country's leading scholars of immigration and ethnicity to provide a close look at this rising second generation. A Copublication with the Russell Sage Foundation


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ISBN: 1853599042

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Language and Minority Rights

Language and Minority Rights
Author: Stephen May
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 450
Release: 2013-06-17
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1136837078

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The Second Edition of this award-winning volume in the field of language rights and language policy is a timely and useful revision of its core arguments and examples, addressing new theoretical and empirical developments since its initial publication.


Language Minority Students in American Schools

Language Minority Students in American Schools
Author: H. D. Adamson
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 268
Release: 2005-03-23
Genre: Education
ISBN: 1135626030

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Addresses questions of language education in the US, focusing on how to teach the 3.5 million students who do not speak English as a native language.