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Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcycle and Rider Impact on a Concrete Barrier Under Different Impact and Road Conditions

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcycle and Rider Impact on a Concrete Barrier Under Different Impact and Road Conditions
Author: Shashikumar Ramamurthy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2007
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:
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In many countries, motorcycle crashes constitutes a significant proportion of all road crash fatalities and injuries and safety measures can be successful only if much more attention is devoted to this issue. Several Roadside guard systems such as concrete barriers, wire rope barriers and steel guard rails are used to protect occupants of four wheels and heavy trucks. Yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to any crash scenario, resulting in major injuries. Also the climatic conditions have a major impact on motorcyclists. Thousands of motorcyclists are killed or injured in road accidents. The need to provide and improve crash survival programs in collision environment is the subject matter of interest and research. In this research, simulation of full scale crash tests of a motorcycle with rider driven in an upright position and sliding on the road surface impacting on steel barriers and concrete barriers are carried out by DEKRA Accident Research, to analyze real-world crashes. It is most important to evaluate head injury risks as it causes a serious threat to life. The motorcycle model with a rider are developed in MADYMO 6.3 and validated using the real time barrier tests. Under normal road conditions, the motorcycle driven in an upright position is assumed to have a pre-crash velocity of 60km/h impacting at 12° on a concrete barrier. The validation criteria used are: motorcycle kinematics, rider kinematics and the rider injury criteria. The results obtained in this research are found to be in a reasonable correlation with the experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the crash for various impact speeds (40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h) under different impact scenarios (6° impact, 8° impact, 12° impact, 24° impact, 45° impact, 60° impact and 90° impact). An icy road condition is then studied. A study of kinematics and injury parameters for a motorcycle rider is proven to be different under various impact speeds (40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h) under different impact scenarios (6° impact, 8° impact, 12° impact, 24° impact, 45° impact, 60° impact and 90° impact). Design of Experiments is conducted to study the contribution of the road condition, impact angles, speed and the interaction of these factors. The result from this study helps in understanding the factors affecting the crash and rider injuries. Design of Experiment also provides a valuable knowledge about the contribution of factors chosen (road type, angle of collision and speed) towards accidents.

Motorcycle and Safety Barrier Crash-testing

Motorcycle and Safety Barrier Crash-testing
Author: Chantel Duncan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 2000
Genre: Crash injuries
ISBN:
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This report has been prepared by the Monash University Accident Research Centre. It constitutes the first stage of a potential multi-stage project and takes the form of a feasibility study of motorcycle and safety barrier crash-testing. Road safety barriers are designed to enhance the safety of the road infrastructure by containing errant vehicles and reducing the severity of off-path collisions. Experience indicates that conventional barrier systems used in accordance with specific guidelines have performed well in protecting the occupants of passenger cars. However, their effects on the safety of motorcyclists, is somewhat problematic. Given the limited available information on motorcycle-barrier interactions, and the lack of established procedures for motorcycle crash-testing, ATSB commissioned a preliminary investigation of relevant issues. This report is the principal output of these preliminary investigations. The main purpose of this initial work was to recommend a research method for investigating the interactions between motorcycles and road safety barriers. Specific objectives were to: identify barrier design issues likely to impact on motorcycle rider safety; identify relevant rider injury mechanisms; identify and assess the feasibility of research methods for investigating interactions between motorcycles and safety barriers; recommend a research program, addressing the overall aims described above. The study has involved a review of the international literature on relevant topics, analysis of motorcycle crash records, and consultation with technical experts and key stakeholders in three States.

Dynamics and Safety Assessment of a Truck Impact Onto Various Types of Roadside Concrete Barriers on Curved Roads

Dynamics and Safety Assessment of a Truck Impact Onto Various Types of Roadside Concrete Barriers on Curved Roads
Author: Prasanna K. Parvatikar
Publisher:
Total Pages: 56
Release: 2013
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:
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Every vehicle manufacturing company invests time and money in researching all the possible ways of eliminating the serious injury to the occupants. These efforts are concentrated on making the vehicle structure and interior robust enough to absorb all the impact loads, as well as development of means to contain the occupants by seatbelts and airbags, thereby reducing the possibilities of impact injuries. The approach might vary but the intent will always remain the occupant safety. The objective of this study is to analyze the barrier design safety performance deployed on the highway roadsides. Having many different designs of roads, it is impossible to have similar kind of roadside barriers on all locations. Some barriers will perform better on particular road designs and some will not. Hence, a detailed study is conducted here to analyze and document the behavior of vehicles after impact onto different types of design barriers at different road conditions. A finite element analysis is conducted using the LS-DYNA finite element (FE) code with a modeling tool HYPERMESH. The analytical results from simulation are compared with the test results from literature. Next, the influence of many different parameters such as road curvature, slope on barrier design, vehicle speed etc., on the occupant safety are studied. The study also focuses on analyzing the effect of these parameters on vehicle lift, roll, occupant impact velocity, occupant ride-down acceleration and angular acceleration. The results from this study indicate that even though New Jersey barrier design increases the vehicle lift and occupant impact velocity, it makes sure that the vehicle does not vault the barrier and enter the other side of the traffic. The study also identifies the impact angle to be more critical than the road curvature. Hence, deploying the proper barrier designs based on the road curvature will ensure occupant safety.

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction
Author: Nathan Rose
Publisher: SAE International
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2022-01-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1468603981
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Accident reconstruction utilizes principles of physics and empirical data to analyze the physical, electronic, video, audio, and testimonial evidence from a crash, to determine how and why the crash occurred, how the crash could have been avoided, or to determine whose description of the crash is most accurate. This process draws together aspects of mathematics, physics, engineering, materials science, human factors, and psychology, and combines analytical models with empirical test data. Different types of crashes produce different types of evidence and call for different analysis methods. Still, the basic philosophical approach of the reconstructionist is the same from crash type to crash type, as are the physical principles that are brought to bear on the analysis. This book covers a basic approach to accident reconstruction, including the underlying physical principles that are used, then details how this approach and the principles are applied when reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction presents a thorough, systematic, and scientific overview of the available methods for reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This new edition contains: Additional theoretical models, examples, case studies, and test data. An updated bibliography incorporating the newest studies in the field. Expanded coverage of the braking capabilities of motorcyclists. Updated, refined, and expanded discussion of the decelerations of motorcycles sliding on the ground. A thoroughly rewritten and expanded discussion of motorcycle impacts with passenger vehicles. Updated coefficients of restitution for collisions between motorcycles and cars. A new and expanded discussion of using passenger car EDR data in motorcycle accident reconstruction. A new section covering recently published research on post-collision frozen speedometer readings on motorcycles. A new section on motorcycle interactions with potholes, roadway deterioration, and debris and expanded coverage of motorcycle falls. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction is a must-have title for accident reconstructionists, forensic engineers, and all interested in understanding why and how motorcycle crashes occur.

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcyclist with and Without a Tank Mounted Airbag in a Passenger Car Collision Environment

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcyclist with and Without a Tank Mounted Airbag in a Passenger Car Collision Environment
Author: Kranthi Kiran Nelluri
Publisher:
Total Pages: 184
Release: 2004
Genre:
ISBN:
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[Author's abstract shortened by cataloger] In many countries motorcycle crashes constitute a significant proportion of all road crash fatalities and injuries and safety measures can be successful only if much more attention is devoted to this issue. This study concerns the development and validation of a three dimensional analytical model representing a motorcycle with rider. Several motorcycle to barrier tests were performed at the laboratories of the TNO Crash safety research centre and several measurements were carried out, including measurements to determine the inertia properties of the motorcycle segments. The motorcycle model was developed in MADYMO 6.0.1 and is validated using the real time barrier tests conducted at the TNO crash research centre. The validation criteria used is motorcycle kinematics, motorcycle accelerations and contact forces between front wheel and load cell barrier.

Influence of Motorcycle Crash Bars on the Injury Biomechanics of a Rider

Influence of Motorcycle Crash Bars on the Injury Biomechanics of a Rider
Author: Kaushik M. Mysore
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:
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A major proportion of motorcycle rider casualties is caused due to crashes against barriers or other automobiles such as cars, trucks, etc. The injury and fatality rates are higher in Asian countries as they are used as a means of transport to a large extent. Due to this alarming trend, motorcycle crash safety is becoming a critical matter of study over the last two decades. Road safety systems such as steel guard rails, concrete barrier, and wire rope barriers are primarily used to protect the occupants of the trucks or cars, yet motorcycle crashes against such guards and barriers systems resulted in severe injuries. The primary goal of this study is to reduce the injury responses on the lower extremity body parts as leg is one of the most unprotected regions of the body that is vulnerable to injuries during collision with the ground, fixed objects or other vehicles. Preliminary model development procedure is carried out that involves the motorcycle, ATD, barrier and crash bar modeling on CATIA and MADYMO. Furthermore, validation of the multibody system models is performed by comparing the simulation results with full scale crash test results. Next, five different types of crash bar designs are incorporated on the main frame of the motorcycle, and parametric studies are carried out for upright and sliding impact configurations. The injury responses from the parametric studies are evaluated/compared with and without the implementation of crash bars, and the efficacy of each type of leg guard design is determined. The results from the various impact configuration scenarios, for the most part, indicate a significant reduction in the injury parameters on the rider for motorcycle modeled with crash bars. Therefore, crash guards offer a potential means of reducing the injury responses of a motorcycle rider. The findings from this study can help in the development of better motorcycle leg protection devices that would protect the rider during accidents.

Motorcycles. Test and Analysis Procedures for Research Evaluation of Rider Crash Protective Devices Fitted to Motorcycles. Definition of Impact Conditions in Relation to Accident Data

Motorcycles. Test and Analysis Procedures for Research Evaluation of Rider Crash Protective Devices Fitted to Motorcycles. Definition of Impact Conditions in Relation to Accident Data
Author: British Standards Institute Staff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2006-01-26
Genre:
ISBN: 9780580476105
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Motor cycles, Safety devices, Collisions (accident), Impact testing, Road accidents, Motor vehicles, Road safety, Hazards, Motor cyclists, Injuries, Risk analysis, Research, Collision tests

Increasing Motorcycle Conspicuity

Increasing Motorcycle Conspicuity
Author: Lars Rößger
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2017-03-02
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317117573
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It’s a widely recognised trend that powered-two-wheelers' (PTWs) use has been steadily increasing and is projected to increase further. While providing benefits to the community in the form of reduced traffic congestion and environmental benefits, the risks to PTW riders remain and visibility will always be a key issue. Increasing Motorcycle Conspicuity aims to illustrate how driving simulation, field studies and laboratory experiments can be used to improve rider safety through the design and evaluation of a range of safety measures. The book outlines the factors that contribute to PTW visibility and detection by car drivers, and presents case studies to illustrate how the various methods can be used to explore the contribution of these factors. The final chapter of the book highlights the utility of a simulation-based approach to improving PTW safety and discusses this method’s future applications. The case studies collected within the volume cover phases of the design of conspicuity treatments and provide a broad spectrum of empirical strategies for assessing the interventions. The book is most directly relevant to researchers and applied scientists from the fields of traffic/transportation psychology and human factors, as well as to practitioners from the traffic safety sector.