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Japan's Budget Politics

Japan's Budget Politics
Author: Takaaki Suzuki
Publisher: Lynne Rienner Publishers
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2000
Genre: Budget
ISBN: 9781555878870

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What is the source of the increasing politicization of Japan's budgetary policy? In this text, Takaaki Suzuki explores this question, finding answers in the interplay of domestic and international politics from the early 1970s through the 1990s.


Contemporary Japanese Budget Politics

Contemporary Japanese Budget Politics
Author: John Creighton Campbell
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 330
Release: 1977
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780520040878

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Japan's Fiscal Crisis

Japan's Fiscal Crisis
Author: Maurice Wright
Publisher:
Total Pages: 656
Release: 2002
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780199250530

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In this controversial and authoritative account of Japan's public budgeting and politics, the author traces the origins and development of Japan's present fiscal crisis. In a detailed analysis of the institutions, structures, and processes of central government, the role of the Ministry of Finance is analysed and its relationship with other ministries in deciding how much to spend and on what is examined. Drawing on a rich archive of interview material and primary budget data, the author explains how and why Japan accumulated the world's largest public debt.


Spending Without Taxation

Spending Without Taxation
Author: Gene Park
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 515
Release: 2011-03-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0804777667

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Governments confront difficult political choices when they must determine how to balance their spending. But what would happen if a government found a means of spending without taxation? In this book, Gene Park demonstrates how the Japanese government established and mobilized an enormous off-budget spending system, the Fiscal Investment Loan Program (FILP), which drew on postal savings, public pensions, and other funds to pay for its priorities and reduce demands on the budget. Park's book argues that this system underwrote a distinctive postwar political bargain, one that eschewed the rise of the welfare state and Keynesianism, but that also came with long-term political and economic costs that continue to this day. By drawing attention to FILP, this study resolves key debates in Japanese politics and also makes a larger point about public finance, demonstrating that governments can finance their activities not only through taxes but also through financial mechanisms to allocate credit and investment. Such "policy finance" is an important but often overlooked form of public finance that can change the political calculus of government fiscal choices.


Parallel Politics

Parallel Politics
Author: Samuel Kernell
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2010-12-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780815717805

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While much has been written about economic competition between the United States and Japan, it is easy to lose sight of the fact that their relationship is founded essentially on each sides' domestic political concerns. Many critics have concluded that to gain a new equilibrium in relations, the two counties must develop a sophisticated appreciation of each other's political dynamics. Because budgets, taxes and macroeconomic policy are so central to activities of both governments, this book, by Japanese and American experts, focuses on the role of political institutions in formulating economic policy. Despite the differences in the two counties political systems—one-party/parliamentary versus two-party/presidential—there are striking similarities in the way politics is transacted in Japan and the United States. In particular, politicians in both countries are motivated primarily by the desire to serve local constituencies, which leads to overly parochial public policies. Combining case studies and discussions, the contributors provide an overview of the Japanese and American political systems, particularly those aspects that are most relevant to economic policymaking. In addition, they offer a comparative analysis of the politics of budgeting, tax reform, and structural policies


Crisis and Compensation

Crisis and Compensation
Author: Kent E. Calder
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 579
Release: 2021-04-13
Genre: History
ISBN: 0691229473

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Why does Japan, with its efficiency-oriented technocracy, periodically adopt welfare-oriented, economically inefficient domestic policies? In answering this question Kent Calder shows that Japanese policymakers respond to threats to the ruling party's preeminence by extending income compensation, entitlements, and subsidies, with market-oriented retrenchment coming as crisis subsides. "Quite simply the most ambitious and strongly argued interpretation of a key dimension of Japanese political life to appear in English this decade."--David Williams, Japan Times "Historically dense and conceptually rich.... [Forces] readers' attention to the domestic underpinnings of Japanese foreign policy."--Donald S. Zagoria, Foreign Affairs "Punctures the myth of Japan Inc. as a cool, rational monolith...."--Kathleen Newland, Millennium "A bold reinterpretation of Japanese politics that will force us to rethink many of our current assumptions and will influence our research agenda."--Steven R. Reed, Journal of Japanese Studies


Japans Budget Black Hole

Japans Budget Black Hole
Author: Keiko Shimono
Publisher: Anthem Press
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2021-01-18
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1785276174

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This book describes the astonishing policy failures of populist politicians in Japan. Focussing on popular tax cuts in Japan as a salutary case study, the book details their serious side effects: government debt, cuts to social security expenditure, inadequate public services and even the potential for a national default. The book argues that the only way to maintain a tolerable level of social services is to increase taxation because a government burdened by massive debt levels is unable to respond adequately to a serious threat such as Covid-19. The book then examines the role of the workforce to economic growth. Due to the dominance of conservative political forces over a long period, workers' protections in Japan are limited, and deregulation of the workforce has led to a decline in wages since 1997. Declining wages and a reduction in social security expenditure have inevitably led to lower consumption and lower economic growth. This examination leads to the conclusion that the way forward is to restore taxation to a sustainable level, which is necessary in order to reduce government debt, to increase expenditure on social security, education, and other essential services, and to combat growing inequality. Only by redistributing income to those who need it and will spend it, consumption will increase, and the economy will grow.