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Interpreting the Terror - Circumstance or ideology?

Interpreting the Terror - Circumstance or ideology?
Author: Martin Röw
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 15
Release: 2005-05-03
Genre: History
ISBN: 3638373436

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Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject History of Europe - Modern Times, Absolutism, Industrialization, grade: B, University of Auckland (History), course: History 324 - Old Regime and Revolution in France, language: English, abstract: The Terror of the French Revoltion has devided the world of scholars right from the beginning. It is a crucial issue which was often connected with emotions and political attitudes, when it was approached. Many questions rose when relating the violence and the Terror with the genuine ideology of the French Revolution. Was it a part of it right from the beginning? Or shall we see the Terror as an accident incompatible to democracy and the origins of the French Revolution? This essay attempts to depict the reasons for the terror with the aim to be able to judge the Terror. To judge means to be able to distinguish between different sorts of Terror and to place the judgement into the scholarly discourse. The depiction will leave out the description of developments but rather pick certain events and breaks to show why and how Terror was used. Furthermore the essay will leave out the end of the `Great Terror` as well as the `White Terror`.


Terrorism

Terrorism
Author: Charles Townshend
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2018
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 0198809093

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"Is terrorism crime or war? Can there be a 'war against terrorism'? In this fully updated edition, Charles Townshend unravels the questions at the heart of the problem of terrorism - its causes, methods, effects, and limitations - suggesting that it must be understood as a political strategy whose threat can be rationally grasped and answered"--Publisher's description.


The Terror of Natural Right

The Terror of Natural Right
Author: Dan Edelstein
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2009-10-15
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 0226184404

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Natural right—the idea that there is a collection of laws and rights based not on custom or belief but that are “natural” in origin—is typically associated with liberal politics and freedom. In The Terror of Natural Right, Dan Edelstein argues that the revolutionaries used the natural right concept of the “enemy of the human race”—an individual who has transgressed the laws of nature and must be executed without judicial formalities—to authorize three-quarters of the deaths during the Terror. Edelstein further contends that the Jacobins shared a political philosophy that he calls “natural republicanism,” which assumed that the natural state of society was a republic and that natural right provided its only acceptable laws. Ultimately, he proves that what we call the Terror was in fact only one facet of the republican theory that prevailed from Louis’s trial until the fall of Robespierre. A highly original work of historical analysis, political theory, literary criticism, and intellectual history, The Terror of Natural Right challenges prevailing assumptions of the Terror to offer a new perspective on the Revolutionary period.


The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution

The Coming of the Terror in the French Revolution
Author: Timothy Tackett
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 476
Release: 2015-02-23
Genre: History
ISBN: 0674425189

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Between 1793 and 1794, thousands of French citizens were imprisoned and hundreds sent to the guillotine by a powerful dictatorship that claimed to be acting in the public interest. Only a few years earlier, revolutionaries had proclaimed a new era of tolerance, equal justice, and human rights. How and why did the French Revolution’s lofty ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity descend into violence and terror? “By attending to the role of emotions in propelling the Terror, Tackett steers a more nuanced course than many previous historians have managed...Imagined terrors, as...Tackett very usefully reminds us, can have even more political potency than real ones.” —David A. Bell, The Atlantic “[Tackett] analyzes the mentalité of those who became ‘terrorists’ in 18th-century France...In emphasizing weakness and uncertainty instead of fanatical strength as the driving force behind the Terror...Tackett...contributes to an important realignment in the study of French history.” —Ruth Scurr, The Spectator “[A] boldly conceived and important book...This is a thought-provoking book that makes a major contribution to our understanding of terror and political intolerance, and also to the history of emotions more generally. It helps expose the complexity of a revolution that cannot be adequately understood in terms of principles alone.” —Alan Forrest, Times Literary Supplement


Choosing Terror

Choosing Terror
Author: Marisa Linton
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2013-06-20
Genre: History
ISBN: 0199576300

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Examines the leaders of the French Revolution - Robespierre and his fellow Jacobins - and particularly the gradual process whereby many of them came to 'choose terror', evolving from humanitarian idealists into ruthless politicians, ready to adopt the use of terror to defend the Revolution.


Interpreting the French Revolution

Interpreting the French Revolution
Author: François Furet
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 1981-09-24
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780521280495

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The author applies the philosophies of Alexis de Tocqueville and Augustin Cochin to both historical and contemporary explanations of the French Revolution.


Liberty or Death

Liberty or Death
Author: Peter McPhee
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 420
Release: 2016-05-28
Genre: History
ISBN: 0300219504

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A strinking account of the impact of the French Revolution in Paris, across the French countryside, and around the globe The French Revolution has fascinated, perplexed, and inspired for more than two centuries. It was a seismic event that radically transformed France and launched shock waves across the world. In this provocative new history, Peter McPhee draws on a lifetime’s study of eighteenth-century France and Europe to create an entirely fresh account of the world’s first great modern revolution—its origins, drama, complexity, and significance. Was the Revolution a major turning point in French—even world—history, or was it instead a protracted period of violent upheaval and warfare that wrecked millions of lives? McPhee evaluates the Revolution within a genuinely global context: Europe, the Atlantic region, and even farther. He acknowledges the key revolutionary events that unfolded in Paris, yet also uncovers the varying experiences of French citizens outside the gates of the city: the provincial men and women whose daily lives were altered—or not—by developments in the capital. Enhanced with evocative stories of those who struggled to cope in unpredictable times, McPhee’s deeply researched book investigates the changing personal, social, and cultural world of the eighteenth century. His startling conclusions redefine and illuminate both the experience and the legacy of France’s transformative age of revolution. “McPhee…skillfully and with consummate clarity recounts one of the most complex events in modern history…. [This] extraordinary work is destined to be the standard account of the French Revolution for years to come.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review)


Psychology of Terrorism

Psychology of Terrorism
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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In compiling this annotated bibliography on the psychology of terrorism, the author has defined terrorism as "acts of violence intentionally perpetrated on civilian noncombatants with the goal of furthering some ideological, religious or political objective." The principal focus is on nonstate actors. The task was to identify and analyze the scientific and professional social science literature pertaining to the psychological and/or behavioral dimensions of terrorist behavior (not on victimization or effects). The objectives were to explore what questions pertaining to terrorist groups and behavior had been asked by social science researchers; to identify the main findings from that research; and attempt to distill and summarize them within a framework of operationally relevant questions. To identify the relevant social science literature, the author began by searching a series of major academic databases using a systematic, iterative keyword strategy, mapping, where possible, onto existing subject headings. The focus was on locating professional social science literature published in major books or in peer-reviewed journals. Searches were conducted of the following databases October 2003: Sociofile/Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts (CJ Abstracts), Criminal Justice Periodical Index (CJPI), National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts (NCJRS), PsycInfo, Medline, and Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). Three types of annotations were provided for works in this bibliography: Author's Abstract -- this is the abstract of the work as provided (and often published) by the author; Editor's Annotation -- this is an annotation written by the editor of this bibliography; and Key Quote Summary -- this is an annotation composed of "key quotes" from the original work, edited to provide a cogent overview of its main points.


Goodness Beyond Virtue

Goodness Beyond Virtue
Author: Patrice L. R. Higonnet
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Total Pages: 428
Release: 1998
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780674470613

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Who were the Jacobins and what are Jacobinism's implications for today? In a book based on national and local studies--on Marseilles, Nîmes, Lyons, and Paris--one of the leading scholars of the Revolution reconceptualizes Jacobin politics and philosophy and rescues them from recent postmodernist condescension. Patrice Higonnet documents and analyzes the radical thought and actions of leading Jacobins and their followers. He shows Jacobinism's variety and flexibility, as it emerged in the lived practices of exceptional and ordinary people in varied historical situations. He demonstrates that these proponents of individuality and individual freedom were also members of dense social networks who were driven by an overriding sense of the public good. By considering the most retrograde and the most admirable features of Jacobinism, Higonnet balances revisionist interest in ideology with a social historical emphasis on institutional change. In these pages the Terror becomes a singular tragedy rather than the whole of Jacobinism, which retains value today as an influential variety of modern politics. Higonnet argues that with the recent collapse of socialism and the general political malaise in Western democracies, Jacobinism has regained stature as a model for contemporary democrats, as well as a sober lesson on the limits of radical social legislation.


The Ideology of Failed States

The Ideology of Failed States
Author: Susan L. Woodward
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 327
Release: 2017-04-03
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1107176425

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Contests to reorganize the international system after the Cold War agree on the security threat of failed states: this book asks why.