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U.S. Tax Treaties

U.S. Tax Treaties
Author: United States. Internal Revenue Service
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 1990
Genre: Double taxation
ISBN:

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International Tax Policy and Double Tax Treaties

International Tax Policy and Double Tax Treaties
Author: Kevin Holmes
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2007
Genre: Double taxation
ISBN: 9087220235

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Explains the concepts that underlie international tax law and double tax treaties and provides an insight into how international tax policy, law and practice operate to ultimately impose tax on international business and investment.


Double Taxation and the League of Nations

Double Taxation and the League of Nations
Author: Sunita Jogarajan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 425
Release: 2018-05-10
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1108381820

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Modern-day tax treaties have their foundations in one of the three Model Tax Treaties developed by the League of Nations in 1928. Using previously unexplored archival material, Sunita Jogarajan provides the first in-depth examination of the development of the League's Models. This new research provides insights into questions such as the importance of double taxation versus tax evasion; the preference for source-taxation versus residence-taxation; the influence of theory and practice on the League's work; the development of bilateral rather than multilateral treaties; the influence of developing countries on the League's work; the role of Commentary in interpreting model tax treaties; and the influential factors and key individuals involved. A better understanding of the development of the original models will inform and help guide interpretation and reform of modern-day tax treaties. Additionally, this book will be of interest to scholars of international relations and the development of law at international organisations.


MLI Made Easy

MLI Made Easy
Author: Kuldeep Sharma
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 352
Release: 2021-04-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403532610

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The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) provides an innovative approach to enable countries to swiftly modify their bilateral tax treaties in order to implement measures developed in the course of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project. MLI, the first successfully concluded multilateral tax treaty, provides jurisdictions with the tools they need to ensure that profits are taxed where economic activities generating the profits are performed, while at the same time giving businesses greater certainty. MLI Made Easy makes it easier to get a complete grasp of this swift but complex modification process of tax treaties. This first and only self-contained book offers an unmatched article-by-article discussion of the MLI with an abundance of practical examples, diagrams, and flowcharts to make the information easier to understand and apply. Focusing on measures to combat tax evasion and abuse of tax treaties arising due to artificial avoidance of a permanent establishment status, hybrid mismatch arrangements, and other aspects of taxation, the book includes an in-depth discussion of the following and more: how specific gaps in existing bilateral tax treaties are addressed by the MLI; positions taken by selected jurisdictions and their impact on treaties; compatibility clauses, notification clauses, opting-in mechanisms, alternative provisions, and reservations; experiences in the course of implementation of the MLI; misconceptions and lingering doubts in respect of various substantive and procedural provisions of the MLI; interaction between the principal purpose test and simplified limitation on benefits; improving dispute resolution; and meaning of the phrases ‘on or after’, ‘other taxes’, and interpretational issues in entry into effect provisions. Adopted by a majority of jurisdictions worldwide, MLI preserves the tax sovereignty of its Parties and has been successful in overcoming barriers to the conclusion of a worldwide multilateral tax treaty. Because this easy-to-use book immensely facilitates understanding and application of the treaty measures developed in the course of the BEPS Project, it will be of immeasurable use to practitioners and other professionals engaging in international taxation, as well as to taxation authorities and interested academics in any part of the world.


The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment

The Effect of Treaties on Foreign Direct Investment
Author: Karl P Sauvant
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 795
Release: 2009-03-27
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0199745188

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Over the past twenty years, foreign direct investments have spurred widespread liberalization of the foreign direct investment (FDI) regulatory framework. By opening up to foreign investors and encouraging FDI, which could result in increased capital and market access, many countries have improved the operational conditions for foreign affiliates and strengthened standards of treatment and protection. By assuring investors that their investment will be legally protected with closed bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and double taxation treaties (DTTs), this in turn creates greater interest in FDI.


Schwarz on Tax Treaties

Schwarz on Tax Treaties
Author: Jonathan Schwarz
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 870
Release: 2021-09-28
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403526319

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Schwarz on Tax Treaties is the definitive analysis of tax treaties from United Kingdom and Irish perspectives and provides in-depth expert analysis of the interpretation and interaction of those treaty networks with the European Union and international law. The sixth edition significantly develops the earlier work with enhanced commentary and is updated to include the latest UK, Irish domestic and treaty developments, international and EU law, including: Covered Tax Agreements modified by the BEPS Multilateral Instrument; judicial decisions of Ireland, the UK and foreign courts on UK and Irish treaties; Digital Services Tax; treaty binding compulsory arbitration; Brexit and the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement; taxpayer rights in exchange of information; taxpayer rights in EU cross-border collection of taxes; attribution of profits to permanent establishments; and EU DAC 6 Disclosure of cross-border planning. Case law developments including: UK Supreme Court in Fowler v HMRC; Indian Supreme Court in Engineering Analysis Centre of Excellence Private Limited and Others v CIT; Australian Full Federal Court in Addy v CoT; French Supreme Administrative Court in Valueclick; English Court of Appeal in Irish Bank Resolution Corporation v HMRC; JJ Management and others v HMRC; United States Tax Court in Adams Challenge v CIR; UK Tax Tribunals in Royal Bank of Canada v HMRC; Lloyd-Webber v HMRC; Esso Exploration and Production v HMRC; Glencore v HMRC; McCabe v HMRC; Padfield v HMRC; Davies v HMRC; Uddin v HMRC; English High Court in Minera Las Bambas v Glencore; Kotton v First Tier Tribunal; and CJEU in N Luxembourg I, and others (the ‘Danish beneficial ownership cases’); État belge v Pantochim; College Pension Plan of British Columbia v Finanzamt München; HB v Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale. About the Author Jonathan Schwarz BA, LLB (Witwatersrand), LLM (UC Berkeley), FTII is an English Barrister at Temple Tax Chambers in London and is also a South African Advocate and a Canadian and Irish Barrister. His practice focuses on international tax disputes as counsel and as an expert and advises on solving cross-border tax problems. He is a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Law, King’s College London University. He has been listed as a leading tax Barrister in both the Legal 500, for international corporate tax, and Chambers’ Guide to the Legal Profession, for international transactions and particular expertise in transfer pricing. He has been lauded in Who’s Who Legal, UK Bar for his ‘brilliant’ handling of cross-border tax problems. In Chambers Guide, he is identified as ‘the double tax guru’ with ‘extraordinary depth of knowledge and experience when it comes to tax treaty issues and is a creative thinker and a clear and meticulous writer’.


Exploring the Nexus Doctrine In International Tax Law

Exploring the Nexus Doctrine In International Tax Law
Author: Ajit Kumar Singh
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2021-05-14
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403533641

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In an age when cross-border business transactions are increasingly effected without the transference of physical products, revenue concerns of states have led to a multitude of tax disputes based on the concept of ‘nexus’. This important and timely book is the most authoritative to date to discuss one of the major tax topics of our time – the question of how taxing rights on income generated from cross-border activities in the digital age should be allocated among jurisdictions. Demonstrating in prodigious depth that it is the economic nexus of the tax entity or activity with the state, and not the physical nexus, which meets the jurisdictional requirement, the author – a leading authority on this area who is a Senior Commissioner of Income Tax and a Member of the Dispute Resolution Panel of the Government of India – addresses such dimensions of the subject as the following: whether a strict territorial nexus as a normative principle is ingrained in source rule jurisprudence; detailed scrutiny of such classical doctrines as benefit theory, neutrality theory, and internation equity; comparative critique of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and United Nation (UN) model tax treaties; whether international law and customary principles mandate a strict territorial link with the source state for the assumption of tax jurisdiction; whether the economic nexus-based tax jurisdiction and absence of a physical presence breach the constitutional doctrine of extraterritoriality or due process; and whether retrospective tax legislation breaches the principle of constitutional fairness. The book offers a politically informed analysis of the nexus principle and balances the dynamics of physical presence and economic nexus standards, based on an in-depth survey of the historical evolution of judicial pronouncements and international practices in this regard. Dr Singh’s book exposes an urgently needed missing link in the international source rule literature and takes a giant step towards solving the thorny question of appropriate tax apportionment. It sheds brilliant light on the policies states may adopt when signing new tax treaties, so that unintended results may be foreseen and avoided. Tax practitioners, taxation authorities, and academic researchers in the field of international tax law and policy will greatly appreciate the book’s forthright enhancement of the ability to defend challenges based on the nexus doctrine.


Multilateral Tax Treaties

Multilateral Tax Treaties
Author: Helmut Loukota
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 266
Release: 1998-04-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9041107045

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The book is a result of a research project conducted at the Department for Austrian and International Tax Law at the University of Economics and Business Administration in Vienna. The project's aim was to produce a draft multilateral tax treaty modelled on the OECD Model Income Tax Convention, whilst examining in detail difficulties that arise in connection with the multilateralisation of the OECD Model. The expert papers also present a detailed analysis of the arguments for and against the conclusion of a multilateral tax treaty, and of the various European law issues that arise in this context.


Tax Treaties and Domestic Law

Tax Treaties and Domestic Law
Author: Guglielmo Maisto
Publisher: IBFD
Total Pages: 433
Release: 2006
Genre: Double taxation
ISBN: 9076078920

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This book analyses the relationships between tax treaties and domestic law from a constitutional and an international point of view, and how they can be improved in the fields of treaty override, treaty residence and anti-abuse measures. It also shows how the issues raised by these relationships are resolved by tax administrations and courts in selected European and non-European countries.