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| Author | : Rebecca Lauren Dell |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 161 |
| Release | : 2018 |
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| Author | : Phaedra C. Tinder |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Ice calving |
| ISBN | : |
Abstract: While iceberg calving makes up a substantial portion of mass loss for marine-terminating glaciers, these dynamics remain poorly represented in predictions of sea-level rise and large-scale climate models, requiring more robust observational datasets. Breiðamerkurjökull glacier functions as a uniquely controlled field setting for obtaining a wide variety of environmental and geodetic measurements in conjunction with monitoring calving flux, making it possible to more carefully constrain the sometimes-contradictory relationships between calving and environmental conditions observed in previous studies. A time-lapse camera and water level logger were placed roughly 1 km from the glacier ice front to monitor ice loss and iceberg-generated tsunamis from April to September 2011. This record was used to estimate the volume of ice lost by calving during this period and obtain calving rates on hourly, daily, and weekly timescales. Weather, tide, and contemporaneous records of the temperature-salinity structure of the lagoon were used to examine relationships between these factors and calving. Calving was shown to be more common during the falling tide in both spring and fall.
| Author | : Nathaniel Baurley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2022 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Julie T. Markus |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine how glacier motion and stresses vary spatially and temporally in order to clarify weaknesses in current understanding of soft-bedded glacier motion using data collected from Breiðamerkurjökull, Iceland. The dynamics of ice motion are the most substantial source of uncertainty in current models of future ice sheet mass-loss and resulting sea level rise. Currently, there is a general lack of quantitative understanding of how glacial basal conditions, such as the hydrology and till rheology at the bed, control ice motion. This study focuses on the examination of high spatial and temporal resolution surface velocities retrieved from a 12-station GPS grid in the melt seasons of 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the variation of glacial motion and strain rates over time on Breiðamerkurjökull. The first specific objective is to identify any short-term velocity variations. The second is to use the surface motion data to calculate strain rates and other components of the force budget. The third objective is to explain the variations in velocity and force budget components while taking into account glaciomorphic features of the bed. Results reveal five distinct periods of increased surface motion, termed sliding events, corresponding to periods of rainfall and/or increased temperatures during the 2009 and 2010 melt seasons. Along-flow strain rates show extension upglacier and compression downglacier during sliding events. The force budget solution indicates that upglacier, basal drag decreases substantially during speed-up events and cannot resist the local driving stress, most likely indicating pressurization of a distributed subglacial drainage system. The excess driving stress is then transferred downglacier, through gradients in longitudinal stress, to a more efficiently draining terminus where water pressures are lower and basal drag is sufficient to support the excess stress. The results demonstrate that the till at the terminus accommodates the excess stress, possibly through extensive grain bridging and dilatant hardening or by a relocation of stress to bedrock bumps during sliding events. This buttressing role of the till-bedded margin in resisting increased upglacier sliding, likely over bedrock, is novel and counter to the prevailing view of soft beds, with implications for simulating the evolution of past and current ice masses.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 1986 |
| Genre | : Water |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : David J.A. Evans |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 544 |
| Release | : 2014-02-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1444119168 |
This book is a comprehensive overview of the ever-captivating field of glaciation from the perspective of glacial landsystems. This approach models the many processes, forms and interactions that can be found in glaciated landscapes throughout the world. Landsystems models allow the glacial geologist and geomorphologist to evaluate these landscapes in relation to the dynamics of glaciation and to climate and geology. Glacial Landsystems brings together the expertise of an international range of specialists to provide an up-to-date summary of landsystems relevant to both modern and ancient glacier systems and also in the reconstruction and interpretation of former glacial environments. The models are applicable at all scales from ice sheets to small valley glaciers. This book is an essential reference for anyone embarking upon research or engineering surveys in glaciated basins and provides a wide-ranging handbook of glacial landsystem types for students of glaciation.
| Author | : Peter G. Knight |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 544 |
| Release | : 2008-04-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0470750235 |
Glacier Science and Environmental Change is an authoritative and comprehensive reference work on contemporary issues in glaciology. It explores the interface between glacier science and environmental change, in the past, present, and future. Written by the world’s foremost authorities in the subject and researchers at the scientific frontier where conventional wisdom of approach comes face to face with unsolved problems, this book provides: state-of-the-art reviews of the key topics in glaciology and related disciplines in environmental change cutting-edge case studies of the latest research an interdisciplinary synthesis of the issues that draw together the research efforts of glaciologists and scientists from other areas such as geologists, hydrologists, and climatologists color-plate section (with selected extra figures provided in color at www.blackwellpublishing.com/knight). The topics in this book have been carefully chosen to reflect current priorities in research, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the developing relationship between glaciology and studies of environmental change. Glacier Science and Environmental Change is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduate research students, and professional researchers in glaciology, geology, geography, geophysics, climatology, and related disciplines.
| Author | : Jonathan L. Carrivick |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 208 |
| Release | : 2016-07-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1118895827 |
Structure from Motion with Multi View Stereo provides hyperscale landform models using images acquired from standard compact cameras and a network of ground control points. The technique is not limited in temporal frequency and can provide point cloud data comparable in density and accuracy to those generated by terrestrial and airborne laser scanning at a fraction of the cost. It therefore offers exciting opportunities to characterise surface topography in unprecedented detail and, with multi-temporal data, to detect elevation, position and volumetric changes that are symptomatic of earth surface processes. This book firstly places Structure from Motion in the context of other digital surveying methods and details the Structure from Motion workflow including available software packages and assessments of uncertainty and accuracy. It then critically reviews current usage of Structure from Motion in the geosciences, provides a synthesis of recent validation studies and looks to the future by highlighting opportunities arising from developments in allied disciplines. This book will appeal to academics, students and industry professionals because it balances technical knowledge of the Structure from Motion workflow with practical guidelines for image acquisition, image processing and data quality assessment and includes case studies that have been contributed by experts from around the world.
| Author | : C. Caseldine |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2005-04-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080534392 |
Iceland provides an unique stage on which to study the natural environment, both past and present, and it is understanding both aspects of reconstructing the past and observing and interpreting the present that form the focus of the contributions to this volume. The papers are all written by active researchers and incorporate both reviews and new data. Although concentrating largely on the recent Quaternary timescale a wide range of topics is explored including subglacial volcanism, onshore and offshore evidence for the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent deglaciation, current glacial characteristics including jökulhlaups and glacial landsystems, soil development, Holocene ecosystem change, current oceanography, impacts of volcanic sulphur loading, chemical weathering and the CO2 budget and documentary evidence for historical climate. The key element of the volume is that for the first time it provides a wide overview of a range of topics for which Iceland provides an almost unparalleled laboratory emphasizing the importance of research on this small island for studies over a much broader global scale. These reviews point the way to future research directions and are supplemented by extensive illustrations and a comprehensive bibliography. * Wide range of related topics covered both from a present day and quaternary perspective* Reviews from scientists active in each research area across a range of subjects providing both overviews and new data supplemented by an extensive bibliography* Extensive illustrations and examples from the field
| Author | : David J. A. Evans |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 636 |
| Release | : 2017-10-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 111865255X |
Provides the first comprehensive review of the current state of the science on tills It is critical that glacial scientists continue to refine their interpretations of ancient archives of subglacial processes, specifically those represented by tills and associated deposits, as they form the most widespread and accessible record of processes at the ice-bed interface. Unfortunately, despite a long history of investigation and a lexicon of process-based nomenclature, glacial sedimentologists have yet to reach a consensus on diagnostic criteria for identifying till genesis in the geological record. What should be called till? Based on the author’s extensive field research, as well as the latest literature on the subject, this book attempts to provide a definitive answer to that question. It critically reviews the global till literature and experimental and laboratory-based assessments of subglacial processes, as well as the theoretical constructs that have emerged from process sedimentology over the past century. Drawing on a wide range of knowledge bases, David Evans develops a more precise, contemporary till nomenclature and new investigatory strategies for understanding a critical aspect of glacial process sedimentology. Provides an in-depth discussion of subglacial sedimentary processes, with an emphasis on the origins of till matrix and terminal grade and the latest observations on till evolution Describes contemporary laboratory and modelling experiments on till evolution and techniques for measuring strain signatures in glacial deposits Develops an updated till nomenclature based on an array of knowledge bases and describes new strategies for field description and analysis of glacial diamictons Written by an internationally recognised expert in the field, this book represents an important step forward in the modern understanding of glacial process sedimentology. As such, Till: A Glacial Process Sedimentology is an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduates and researchers in sedimentology, glacier science and related areas.
