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Inside Solid State Drives (SSDs)

Inside Solid State Drives (SSDs)
Author: Rino Micheloni
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 485
Release: 2018-07-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811305994

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The revised second edition of this respected text provides a state-of-the-art overview of the main topics relating to solid state drives (SSDs), covering NAND flash memories, memory controllers (including booth hardware and software), I/O interfaces (PCIe/SAS/SATA), reliability, error correction codes (BCH and LDPC), encryption, flash signal processing and hybrid storage. Updated throughout to include all recent work in the field, significant changes for the new edition include: A new chapter on flash memory errors and data recovery procedures in SSDs for reliability and lifetime improvement Updated coverage of SSD Architecture and PCI Express Interfaces moving from PCIe Gen3 to PCIe Gen4 and including a section on NVMe over fabric (NVMf) An additional section on 3D flash memories An update on standard reliability procedures for SSDs Expanded coverage of BCH for SSDs, with a specific section on detection A new section on non-binary Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, the most recent advancement in the field A description of randomization in the protection of SSD data against attacks, particularly relevant to 3D architectures The SSD market is booming, with many industries placing a huge effort in this space, spending billions of dollars in R&D and product development. Moreover, flash manufacturers are now moving to 3D architectures, thus enabling an even higher level of storage capacity. This book takes the reader through the fundamentals and brings them up to speed with the most recent developments in the field, and is suitable for advanced students, researchers and engineers alike.


Solid-State-Drives (SSDs) Modeling

Solid-State-Drives (SSDs) Modeling
Author: Rino Micheloni
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 177
Release: 2017-03-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 331951735X

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This book introduces simulation tools and strategies for complex systems of solid-state-drives (SSDs) which consist of a flash multi-core microcontroller plus NAND flash memories. It provides a broad overview of the most popular simulation tools, with special focus on open source solutions. VSSIM, NANDFlashSim and DiskSim are benchmarked against performances of real SSDs under different traffic workloads. PROs and CONs of each simulator are analyzed, and it is clearly indicated which kind of answers each of them can give and at a what price. It is explained, that speed and precision do not go hand in hand, and it is important to understand when to simulate what, and with which tool. Being able to simulate SSD’s performances is mandatory to meet time-to-market, together with product cost and quality. Over the last few years the authors developed an advanced simulator named “SSDExplorer” which has been used to evaluate multiple phenomena with great accuracy, from QoS (Quality Of Service) to Read Retry, from LDPC Soft Information to power, from Flash aging to FTL. SSD simulators are also addressed in a broader context in this book, i.e. the analysis of what happens when SSDs are connected to the OS (Operating System) and to the end-user application (for example, a database search). The authors walk the reader through the full simulation flow of a real system-level by combining SSD Explorer with the QEMU virtual platform. The reader will be impressed by the level of know-how and the combination of models that such simulations are asking for.


Inside NAND Flash Memories

Inside NAND Flash Memories
Author: Rino Micheloni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 582
Release: 2010-07-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9048194318

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Digital photography, MP3, digital video, etc. make extensive use of NAND-based Flash cards as storage media. To realize how much NAND Flash memories pervade every aspect of our life, just imagine how our recent habits would change if the NAND memories suddenly disappeared. To take a picture it would be necessary to find a film (as well as a traditional camera...), disks or even magnetic tapes would be used to record a video or to listen a song, and a cellular phone would return to be a simple mean of communication rather than a multimedia console. The development of NAND Flash memories will not be set down on the mere evolution of personal entertainment systems since a new killer application can trigger a further success: the replacement of Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) with Solid State Drives (SSDs). SSD is made up by a microcontroller and several NANDs. As NAND is the technology driver for IC circuits, Flash designers and technologists have to deal with a lot of challenges. Therefore, SSD (system) developers must understand Flash technology in order to exploit its benefits and countermeasure its weaknesses. Inside NAND Flash Memories is a comprehensive guide of the NAND world: from circuits design (analog and digital) to Flash reliability (including radiation effects), from testing issues to high-performance (DDR) interface, from error correction codes to NAND applications like Flash cards and SSDs.


Inside Solid State Drives (SSDs), Second Edition

Inside Solid State Drives (SSDs), Second Edition
Author: Rino Micheloni
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre: Computer storage devices
ISBN:

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Providing an overview of topics relating to solid state drives(SSDs), this second edition takes readers through the fundamentals and brings them up to speed with the most recent developments in the field, and is suitable for advanced students, researchers and engineers alike. --


3D Flash Memories

3D Flash Memories
Author: Rino Micheloni
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 391
Release: 2016-05-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9401775125

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This book walks the reader through the next step in the evolution of NAND flash memory technology, namely the development of 3D flash memories, in which multiple layers of memory cells are grown within the same piece of silicon. It describes their working principles, device architectures, fabrication techniques and practical implementations, and highlights why 3D flash is a brand new technology. After reviewing market trends for both NAND and solid state drives (SSDs), the book digs into the details of the flash memory cell itself, covering both floating gate and emerging charge trap technologies. There is a plethora of different materials and vertical integration schemes out there. New memory cells, new materials, new architectures (3D Stacked, BiCS and P-BiCS, 3D FG, 3D VG, 3D advanced architectures); basically, each NAND manufacturer has its own solution. Chapter 3 to chapter 7 offer a broad overview of how 3D can materialize. The 3D wave is impacting emerging memories as well and chapter 8 covers 3D RRAM (resistive RAM) crosspoint arrays. Visualizing 3D structures can be a challenge for the human brain: this is way all these chapters contain a lot of bird’s-eye views and cross sections along the 3 axes. The second part of the book is devoted to other important aspects, such as advanced packaging technology (i.e. TSV in chapter 9) and error correction codes, which have been leveraged to improve flash reliability for decades. Chapter 10 describes the evolution from legacy BCH to the most recent LDPC codes, while chapter 11 deals with some of the most recent advancements in the ECC field. Last but not least, chapter 12 looks at 3D flash memories from a system perspective. Is 14nm the last step for planar cells? Can 100 layers be integrated within the same piece of silicon? Is 4 bit/cell possible with 3D? Will 3D be reliable enough for enterprise and datacenter applications? These are some of the questions that this book helps answering by providing insights into 3D flash memory design, process technology and applications.


Organizing for the Digital World

Organizing for the Digital World
Author: Federico Cabitza
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 266
Release: 2018-08-20
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3319905031

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This book argues that “organizing” is a broader term than managing, as it entails understanding how people and machines interact with each other; how resources, data, goods are exchanged in complex and intertwined value chains; and how lines of action and activities can be articulated using flexible protocols and often ad-hoc processes in situated practices of use and production. The book presents a collection of research papers shedding new light on these phenomena and related practices from both academic and professional perspectives. Given the plurality of views that it offers, the book makes a relevant contribution to the understanding and appreciation of the complexity of the digital world at various levels of granularity. It focuses on how individuals, communities and the coopetitive societies of our new, global and hyperconnected world produce value and pursue their objectives and ideals in mutually dependent ways. The content of the book is based on a selection of the best papers - original double-blind peer-reviewed contributions - presented at the annual conference of the Italian chapter of the AIS, which was held in Milan, Italy in October 2017.


Operating Systems

Operating Systems
Author: Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 714
Release: 2018-09
Genre: Operating systems (Computers)
ISBN: 9781985086593

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"This book is organized around three concepts fundamental to OS construction: virtualization (of CPU and memory), concurrency (locks and condition variables), and persistence (disks, RAIDS, and file systems"--Back cover.


The Design and Implementation of a Log-structured file system

The Design and Implementation of a Log-structured file system
Author: Mendel Rosenblum
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 132
Release: 1994-12-31
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9780792395416

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Computersystemsresearch is heavilyinfluencedby changesincomputertechnol­ ogy. As technology changes alterthe characteristics ofthe underlying hardware com­ ponents of the system, the algorithms used to manage the system need to be re­ examinedand newtechniques need to bedeveloped. Technological influencesare par­ ticularly evident in the design of storage management systems such as disk storage managers and file systems. The influences have been so pronounced that techniques developed as recently as ten years ago are being made obsolete. The basic problem for disk storage managers is the unbalanced scaling of hard­ warecomponenttechnologies. Disk storage managerdesign depends on the technolo­ gy for processors, main memory, and magnetic disks. During the 1980s, processors and main memories benefited from the rapid improvements in semiconductortechnol­ ogy and improved by several orders ofmagnitude in performance and capacity. This improvement has not been matched by disk technology, which is bounded by the me­ chanics ofrotating magnetic media. Magnetic disks ofthe 1980s have improved by a factor of 10in capacity butonly a factor of2 in performance. This unbalanced scaling ofthe hardware components challenges the disk storage manager to compensate for the slower disks and allow performance to scale with the processor and main memory technology. Unless the performance of file systems can be improved over that of the disks, I/O-bound applications will be unable to use the rapid improvements in processor speeds to improve performance for computer users. Disk storage managers must break this bottleneck and decouple application perfor­ mance from the disk.


Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime

Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime
Author: Frank Breitinger
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2018-12-29
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 303005487X

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime, ICDF2C 2018, held in New Orleans, LA, USA, in September 2018. The 11 reviewed full papers and 1 short paper were selected from 33 submissions and are grouped in topical sections on carving and data hiding, android, forensic readiness, hard drives and digital forensics, artefact correlation.


File System Forensic Analysis

File System Forensic Analysis
Author: Brian Carrier
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Total Pages: 895
Release: 2005-03-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0134439546

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The Definitive Guide to File System Analysis: Key Concepts and Hands-on Techniques Most digital evidence is stored within the computer's file system, but understanding how file systems work is one of the most technically challenging concepts for a digital investigator because there exists little documentation. Now, security expert Brian Carrier has written the definitive reference for everyone who wants to understand and be able to testify about how file system analysis is performed. Carrier begins with an overview of investigation and computer foundations and then gives an authoritative, comprehensive, and illustrated overview of contemporary volume and file systems: Crucial information for discovering hidden evidence, recovering deleted data, and validating your tools. Along the way, he describes data structures, analyzes example disk images, provides advanced investigation scenarios, and uses today's most valuable open source file system analysis tools—including tools he personally developed. Coverage includes Preserving the digital crime scene and duplicating hard disks for "dead analysis" Identifying hidden data on a disk's Host Protected Area (HPA) Reading source data: Direct versus BIOS access, dead versus live acquisition, error handling, and more Analyzing DOS, Apple, and GPT partitions; BSD disk labels; and Sun Volume Table of Contents using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Analyzing the contents of multiple disk volumes, such as RAID and disk spanning Analyzing FAT, NTFS, Ext2, Ext3, UFS1, and UFS2 file systems using key concepts, data structures, and specific techniques Finding evidence: File metadata, recovery of deleted files, data hiding locations, and more Using The Sleuth Kit (TSK), Autopsy Forensic Browser, and related open source tools When it comes to file system analysis, no other book offers this much detail or expertise. Whether you're a digital forensics specialist, incident response team member, law enforcement officer, corporate security specialist, or auditor, this book will become an indispensable resource for forensic investigations, no matter what analysis tools you use.