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Influence of Motorcycle Crash Bars on the Injury Biomechanics of a Rider

Influence of Motorcycle Crash Bars on the Injury Biomechanics of a Rider
Author: Kaushik M. Mysore
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:
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A major proportion of motorcycle rider casualties is caused due to crashes against barriers or other automobiles such as cars, trucks, etc. The injury and fatality rates are higher in Asian countries as they are used as a means of transport to a large extent. Due to this alarming trend, motorcycle crash safety is becoming a critical matter of study over the last two decades. Road safety systems such as steel guard rails, concrete barrier, and wire rope barriers are primarily used to protect the occupants of the trucks or cars, yet motorcycle crashes against such guards and barriers systems resulted in severe injuries. The primary goal of this study is to reduce the injury responses on the lower extremity body parts as leg is one of the most unprotected regions of the body that is vulnerable to injuries during collision with the ground, fixed objects or other vehicles. Preliminary model development procedure is carried out that involves the motorcycle, ATD, barrier and crash bar modeling on CATIA and MADYMO. Furthermore, validation of the multibody system models is performed by comparing the simulation results with full scale crash test results. Next, five different types of crash bar designs are incorporated on the main frame of the motorcycle, and parametric studies are carried out for upright and sliding impact configurations. The injury responses from the parametric studies are evaluated/compared with and without the implementation of crash bars, and the efficacy of each type of leg guard design is determined. The results from the various impact configuration scenarios, for the most part, indicate a significant reduction in the injury parameters on the rider for motorcycle modeled with crash bars. Therefore, crash guards offer a potential means of reducing the injury responses of a motorcycle rider. The findings from this study can help in the development of better motorcycle leg protection devices that would protect the rider during accidents.

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcycle and Rider Impact on a Concrete Barrier Under Different Impact and Road Conditions

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcycle and Rider Impact on a Concrete Barrier Under Different Impact and Road Conditions
Author: Shashikumar Ramamurthy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 206
Release: 2007
Genre: Electronic dissertations
ISBN:
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In many countries, motorcycle crashes constitutes a significant proportion of all road crash fatalities and injuries and safety measures can be successful only if much more attention is devoted to this issue. Several Roadside guard systems such as concrete barriers, wire rope barriers and steel guard rails are used to protect occupants of four wheels and heavy trucks. Yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to any crash scenario, resulting in major injuries. Also the climatic conditions have a major impact on motorcyclists. Thousands of motorcyclists are killed or injured in road accidents. The need to provide and improve crash survival programs in collision environment is the subject matter of interest and research. In this research, simulation of full scale crash tests of a motorcycle with rider driven in an upright position and sliding on the road surface impacting on steel barriers and concrete barriers are carried out by DEKRA Accident Research, to analyze real-world crashes. It is most important to evaluate head injury risks as it causes a serious threat to life. The motorcycle model with a rider are developed in MADYMO 6.3 and validated using the real time barrier tests. Under normal road conditions, the motorcycle driven in an upright position is assumed to have a pre-crash velocity of 60km/h impacting at 12° on a concrete barrier. The validation criteria used are: motorcycle kinematics, rider kinematics and the rider injury criteria. The results obtained in this research are found to be in a reasonable correlation with the experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the crash for various impact speeds (40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h) under different impact scenarios (6° impact, 8° impact, 12° impact, 24° impact, 45° impact, 60° impact and 90° impact). An icy road condition is then studied. A study of kinematics and injury parameters for a motorcycle rider is proven to be different under various impact speeds (40 km/h, 60 km/h and 80 km/h) under different impact scenarios (6° impact, 8° impact, 12° impact, 24° impact, 45° impact, 60° impact and 90° impact). Design of Experiments is conducted to study the contribution of the road condition, impact angles, speed and the interaction of these factors. The result from this study helps in understanding the factors affecting the crash and rider injuries. Design of Experiment also provides a valuable knowledge about the contribution of factors chosen (road type, angle of collision and speed) towards accidents.

Motorcycle and Safety Barrier Crash-testing

Motorcycle and Safety Barrier Crash-testing
Author: Chantel Duncan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 2000
Genre: Crash injuries
ISBN:
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This report has been prepared by the Monash University Accident Research Centre. It constitutes the first stage of a potential multi-stage project and takes the form of a feasibility study of motorcycle and safety barrier crash-testing. Road safety barriers are designed to enhance the safety of the road infrastructure by containing errant vehicles and reducing the severity of off-path collisions. Experience indicates that conventional barrier systems used in accordance with specific guidelines have performed well in protecting the occupants of passenger cars. However, their effects on the safety of motorcyclists, is somewhat problematic. Given the limited available information on motorcycle-barrier interactions, and the lack of established procedures for motorcycle crash-testing, ATSB commissioned a preliminary investigation of relevant issues. This report is the principal output of these preliminary investigations. The main purpose of this initial work was to recommend a research method for investigating the interactions between motorcycles and road safety barriers. Specific objectives were to: identify barrier design issues likely to impact on motorcycle rider safety; identify relevant rider injury mechanisms; identify and assess the feasibility of research methods for investigating interactions between motorcycles and safety barriers; recommend a research program, addressing the overall aims described above. The study has involved a review of the international literature on relevant topics, analysis of motorcycle crash records, and consultation with technical experts and key stakeholders in three States.

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction
Author: Nathan Rose
Publisher: SAE International
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2022-01-07
Genre: Transportation
ISBN: 1468603973
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Accident reconstruction utilizes principles of physics and empirical data to analyze the physical, electronic, video, audio, and testimonial evidence from a crash, to determine how and why the crash occurred, how the crash could have been avoided, or to determine whose description of the crash is most accurate. This process draws together aspects of mathematics, physics, engineering, materials science, human factors, and psychology, and combines analytical models with empirical test data. Different types of crashes produce different types of evidence and call for different analysis methods. Still, the basic philosophical approach of the reconstructionist is the same from crash type to crash type, as are the physical principles that are brought to bear on the analysis. This book covers a basic approach to accident reconstruction, including the underlying physical principles that are used, then details how this approach and the principles are applied when reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction presents a thorough, systematic, and scientific overview of the available methods for reconstructing motorcycle crashes. This new edition contains: Additional theoretical models, examples, case studies, and test data. An updated bibliography incorporating the newest studies in the field. Expanded coverage of the braking capabilities of motorcyclists. Updated, refined, and expanded discussion of the decelerations of motorcycles sliding on the ground. A thoroughly rewritten and expanded discussion of motorcycle impacts with passenger vehicles. Updated coefficients of restitution for collisions between motorcycles and cars. A new and expanded discussion of using passenger car EDR data in motorcycle accident reconstruction. A new section covering recently published research on post-collision frozen speedometer readings on motorcycles. A new section on motorcycle interactions with potholes, roadway deterioration, and debris and expanded coverage of motorcycle falls. This second edition of Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction is a must-have title for accident reconstructionists, forensic engineers, and all interested in understanding why and how motorcycle crashes occur.

IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications

IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications
Author: M. D. Gilchrist
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 484
Release: 2005-10-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1402037961
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Substantialfundamental workhas been undertaken inthe different aspects of impact biomechanics over the past three decades. Much of this has been motivated and undertaken bythe automotive industry intheirefforts to improve transport safety. More recently, however, it has become app- ent that themultidisciplinary synergies which are realisedby interactions between engineers, scientists and clinical practitioners will ultimately lead to a greater understanding of the complex interacting phenomena withinthe human bodyafter it has sustained an impact. In turn, this greater depth of knowledge will provide more fundamentalinsights into the analysis, d- gnosis, treatment and prevention ofimpact injuries across a broader sp- trum of accident environments. Thescienti?c focus of this IUTAM symposium istoaddress those t- ics that are centrally important to the biomechanics ofimpact. These can be groupedinto those that are concerned with the different causes of - cidents (e. g., transport, occupational and sports injuries), themechanics - volvedinaccident analysis (e. g., accident investigation, computational m- elling techniques), the different types of resulting traumatic injuries (incl- ing musculoskeletal, organ, spinal and head injuries), methods of asse- ing the extent of injury (e. g., injury assessment, injury criteria, constitutive laws for human tissue), and providing protection during an impact (e. g., injury prevention, energy absorption materials, and safety devices).

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction and Litigation

Motorcycle Accident Reconstruction and Litigation
Author: Kenneth S. Obenski
Publisher: Lawyers & Judges Publishing
Total Pages: 632
Release: 2002
Genre: Law
ISBN:
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This book details the mechanics of riding a motorcycle and motorcycle performance. Rider safety considerations and human factors issues such as conspicuity, evasive action, warning to the rider, and rider experience and training are discussed in detail. Quasi-motorcycles are compared and contrasted with standard motorcycles to acquaint the reader with their similarities and differences. Techniques and methods for reconstructing motorcycle accidents are covered in detail and a wide variety of example cases are given. Legal issues of motorcycle use are explained with extensive case studies and examples and include topics such as helmet laws, negligence, laws governing accidents, warnings, roadway defects, motorcycle defects, injury to passengers, and Dram Shop liability in DUI cases. This edition includes accident cause factors and identification of countermeasures, commonly known asThe Hurt Report, on CD-ROM.