Influence Of Fire On The Lateral Resistance Of Cold Formed Steel Shear Walls 03 Phase 2 PDF Download
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| Author | : Matthew S. Hoehler |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Fire protection engineering |
| ISBN | : |
Download Influence of Fire on the Lateral Resistance of Cold-formed Steel Shear Walls 0́3 Phase 2 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report presents experimental investigations of the performance of cold-formed steel lateral force-resisting systems (CFS-LRFS) under combinations of simulated earthquake and fire loading. Three types of shear wall systems are investigated: gypsum-sheet steel composite panel sheathed walls, oriented strand board (OSB) sheathed walls, and steel strap braced walls. Twenty-two 2.7 m tall by 3.7 m long test specimens are subjected sequentially to combinations of mechanical (cyclic shear deformation) and thermal (fire) load. The mechanical loading setup and protocol are based on ASTM E2126 Method C (CUREE Basic Loading Protocol). Fire loads of varying intensity that represent the characteristics of actual fires are investigated. The work is a step toward developing fragility curves (representations of the probability of exceeding a given damage state as a function of an engineering demand parameter) for these systems and is essential for performance-based design for fire.
| Author | : Jia Cheng Wu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Performance of Centre-sheathed Cold-formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Phase 2 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"To enter into the construction market for mid-rise buildings, e.g. 5 to 8 storeys, the cold-formed steel (CFS) industry requires a solution to address the need to resist higher seismic shear forces. The proven performance of steel-sheathed shear walls is required to compete with hot-rolled steel lateral framing shear wall systems; i.e. all-steel shear wall configurations capable of carrying lateral loads in excess of 60 kN/m (4170 lb/ft). The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) developed a design standard for cold-formed steel lateral framing systems, i.e. the AISI S400-15. This standard contains design information for shear walls with shear resistance values up to 30 kN/m (2085 lb/ft). Various solutions exist to increase the shear resistance of a CFS framed shear wall to a level appropriate for mid-rise buildings. For example, in shear walls with sheathing placed on both sides of the wall, torsional loading on the framing members was avoided, and hence the shear resistance was significantly increased. However, the ductility of the walls was not improved compared to previously run tests due to the sheathing pulling over the screw fasteners.A configuration in which the sheathing is placed at the mid-line of the framing, denoted the “centre-sheathed” shear wall, was recently developed through a laboratory test program. These walls were configured to centrally confine the sheathing within the framing, which resulted in the removal of torsional forces on the chord studs and provided for a substantial increase in both shear resistance and ductility in comparison with walls having external sheathing on both sides. The initial test walls proved to have higher shear resistance, i.e. over four times that currently found in the AISI S400-15, and could maintain this resistance to drifts exceeding 6%. However, the high shear forces posed difficulties in designing the perimeter framing members and attachments to the foundation given that the structure is composed of CFS with a maximum thickness of 2.5 mm. This second laboratory-based study was conducted to configure centre-sheathed walls to attain intermediate shear resistances but maintain the ability to carry load at high drift levels. In addition, tests were carried out on the bare frame structure to identify the added shear capacity provided by the specially detailed CFS perimeter frame. Further, connection tests were completed to address the need to develop bearing design equations for the double shear 3-ply screw connections that connect the sheathing to the frame, which is not currently addressed in any design standard on cold-formed steel"--
| Author | : Sophie Lu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Influence of Gypsum Panels on the Response of Cold-formed Steel Framed Shear Walls Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Gypsum panels can be used as structural elements in cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls to resist in-plane lateral loads. More commonly, however, gypsum panels are specified to solely provide sound-proofing and fire resistance, and hence are not accounted for in the structural design. Research has shown that gypsum-sheathed walls can provide in-plane lateral resistance and stiffness regardless of whether the gypsum is intended to act as a structural or non-structural component. On the one hand, the additional lateral resistance provided by the gypsum can be beneficial since a more economical design can be achieved. On the other hand, if the gypsum panels are not taken into account in the design, the additional stiffness provided by the gypsum may lead to increased seismic loads on the building. Moreover, in the current AISI S213 and S400 North American Standards for the seismic design of CFS framed structures the design must follow a capacity-based approach in which the resistance of all the members in the lateral load carrying path is greater than the probable resistance of the fuse element(s) combined with the gravity loads. Thus, the unaccounted lateral resistance provided by the gypsum panels can increase the resistance of the fuse element(s) and lead to an unexpected and possibly non-ductile failure in the other members of the lateral load carrying path. In the AISI S213 and S400 Standards, values for the nominal resistance and overstrength factor of wood, steel and gypsum sheathed shear walls are given, but have a limited range of application (e.g. 12.5 mm thick gypsum). No recommendations are provided to take into account the influence of gypsum in strap-braced walls, or the effect on probable capacity forces. The first objective of this thesis is to conduct a test program in order to obtain design values with respect to the nominal and maximum in-plane shear resistances, as well as the stiffness, of 1-hour and 2-hour fire resistance rated gypsum-sheathed strap-braced shear walls, gypsum-sheathed shear walls and gypsum-sheathed gravity-carrying walls. The second objective is to create a numerical model representing the behaviour of the tested gypsum-sheathed walls. A total of 35 2.44 m x 1.22 m walls were sheathed with different configurations of 15.9 mm-thick gypsum panels and then tested under in-plane lateral loading. Nominal values to be used in the design of gypsum-sheathed walls were found as well as methods to predict the probable resistance of gypsum-sheathed walls for capacity-based design. Numerical models of the walls were obtained with OpenSees and can be used to incorporate the effect of gypsum panels on walls in a full building model." --
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 390 |
| Release | : 1994 |
| Genre | : Mechanics, Applied |
| ISBN | : |
Download Applied Mechanics Reviews Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Jamin DaBreo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Impact of Gravity Loads on the Lateral Performance of Cold- Formed Steel Frame/ Steel Sheathed Shear Walls Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Canadian seismic design provisions for cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls have been developed from previous research at McGill University with the intent of being incorporated into the Canadian section of the North American Lateral Design Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing (AISI S213), and ultimately to provide guidelines for design of these systems in the National Building Code of Canada and CSA-S136 Specification.In this previous research, a limited number of shear walls displayed unfavourable damage due to twisting deformations of the chord-studs and by local buckling. Also, the shear walls tested in previous research were only laterally loaded. The objective of the current research program was to address this unfavourable failure mode by evaluating the performance of cold-formed steel framed/steel sheathed shear walls, constructed with blocked stud members, which were tested under combined gravity and lateral loading. In total, fourteen single-storey shear walls (8 configurations) were subjected to monotonic and CUREE reversed cyclic lateral loading protocols. The Equivalent Energy Elastic-Plastic (EEEP) approach was used to analyse the test data and determine nominal shear resistance values. Relevant design parameters were determined: a resistance factor, phi, of 0.7, an overstrength value of 1.4, and ductility and overstrength seismic force modification factors (Rd = 2.0 and Ro = 1.3). Dynamic analysis of a two storey representative building model was carried out to validate the 'test-based' R-values following a methodology adopted from FEMA P695 to evaluate the seismic performance of a building system.The research program indicated that the blocking reinforcement detail had adequately resolved chord-stud twisting deformations and that the chord-studs, once designed to carry the combined gravity and lateral forces following a capacity based approach, would not fail thereby preventing any detrimental collapse of the framing system." --
| Author | : Julio Alfonso Ramirez |
| Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
| Total Pages | : 249 |
| Release | : 2021-08-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 2889711862 |
Download Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) 2016-2020: Mitigating the Impact of Natural Hazards on Civil Infrastructure and Communities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Dustin G. Gatchalian |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Lateral loads |
| ISBN | : |
Download Lateral Resistance of Steel-clad, Wood-framed Shear Walls with Openings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Vincent Brière |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Higher Capacity Cold-formed Steel Sheathed and Framed Shear Walls for Mid-rise Buildings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"Despite the increase in the use of cold-formed steel (CFS) in mid-rise construction (up to 5 storeys), the North American cold-formed steel standards AISI S400 and S240 do not provide a standard design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls for use in such constructions. The main objective of this research was to develop a design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls to achieve higher strength and ductility and resist the larger forces expected in mid-rise construction. The design procedure proposed for inclusion in the AISI S400 and S240 standards.Full-scale experiments have been performed using a shear wall testing frame at McGill University where a total of 31 specimens were tested monotonically and / or cyclically. These specimens were constructed with thicker sheathing and framing members not currently available for design, using two innovative building configurations (double-sheathed and centre-sheathed) to eliminate the effects of eccentric sheathing placement and take full advantage of bearing failure in the sheathing.The specimens were built with varying construction parameters (material thickness, screw size and screw spacing) and the test data was analysed using the Equivalent Energy Elastic-Plastic (EEEP) method. The configuration using a single concentric sheathing placement (centre-sheathed configuration) reached shear strengths nearly four times higher than what is listed in the current standards. Further, the walls' ductility was substantially improved (up to 8% drift), giving this design a strong potential to be used in mid-rise construction. A preliminary design method was introduced for this configuration, taking into consideration the different behaviour from these shear walls. A preliminary Limit States Design procedure for Canada (LSD) and the USA and Mexico (LRFD) was determined based on the test results. Resistance factors and overstrength values were also provided. The "test-based" ductility-related and overstrength-related seismic force modification factors for Canada (Rd and Ro) obtained the values of 2.8 and 1.5. This promising centre-sheathed configuration requires further research in order to advance towards a definitive design method for the use of CFS framed and sheathed shear walls in mid-rise construction." --
| Author | : Veronica Santos |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Higher Capacity Cold-formed Steel Sheathed and Framed Shear Walls for Mid-rise Buildings Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
"The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) for seismic force-resisting systems (SFRS), including shear walls, has increased throughout the years. However, the design provisions for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls available in the North American CFS standards (AISI S400 and AISI S240) are limited by the shear walls' sheathing and framing thicknesses. Design guidelines for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls for the purpose of mid-rise construction (up to 5 storeys) are still absent from the standards. The main objective of this research program was to develop a design procedure for CFS sheathed and framed shear walls to achieve higher capacity and ductility to resist the higher forces experienced in mid-rise construction. The developed design procedure is proposed to be included in the provisions of the AISI S240 Standard and AISI S400 Standard.The design procedure was developed by determining the shear strength of full-scale shear wall specimens built and tested at McGill University under monotonic and cyclic loading protocols. A total of 31 specimens, with varying building parameters, were constructed using thicker sheathing and framing members than what is currently available for design. The specimens were built using two new shear wall configurations (double-sheathed and centre-sheathed) to address out-of-plane forces experienced by shear walls tested in previous research programs.The centre-sheathed shear wall configuration, with a confined and concentrically placed sheathing panel, reached a shear resistance four times higher than the design values tabulated in the current standards. The ductility of these CFS shear walls was also significantly improved. A preliminary equation-based nominal shear strength prediction method has been developed for the centre-sheathed shear walls; the method reflects the shear wall's different configuration and superior behaviour. Following the test data analysis, preliminary design parameters for Limit States Design (LSD) used in Canada and for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) used in the USA and Mexico were determined, including the load resistance factor, f, and the factor of safety. In addition, capacity based design parameters were determined for seismic design in Canada. These parameters included the "test-based" seismic performance factors, Rd and Ro, which were found to be 2.8 and 1.5 respectively. The superior performance of the centre-sheathed configuration showed its promising potential as a new design option for higher capacity CFS shear walls. However, before a potential implementation into mid-rise construction, further research is needed in order for a complete design procedure to be developed. " --
| Author | : American Iron and Steel Institute. Committee on Construction Codes and Standards |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : Building, Fireproof |
| ISBN | : |
Download Fire-resistance Ratings of Load-bearing Steel Stud Walls Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
