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Incumbent Inertia in Light of Disruptive Change in the Airline Industry: Causal Factors and Top Management Moderators

Incumbent Inertia in Light of Disruptive Change in the Airline Industry: Causal Factors and Top Management Moderators
Author: Oliver Viellechner
Publisher: ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2010-08-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3838261534
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Oliver Viellechner addresses the response behavior of incumbent firms when facing discontinuous change by innovative business models. Almost always, this entails a problem of inertia, i.e. the sluggishness of incumbent response due to insecurity in deciding on an adequate response strategy. Viellechner investigates disruptive change in the European airline industry during the 1990s, when low-cost airlines severely challenged established carriers. By conducting four case studies, he identifies new causes of inertia and reveals the role of top management teams in improving incumbent firms' responsiveness. Viellechner's new book is relevant to both researchers and managers. It links concepts of strategy, organizational and psychological research and sheds light on the new competitive structure of an industry which has been repeatedly challenged by entrants and external shocks.

Airline Industry

Airline Industry
Author: Nawal K. Taneja
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 322
Release: 2016-06-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 131718307X
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Many business sectors have been, and are being, forced to compete with new competitors-disrupters of some sort-who have found new ways to create and deliver new value for customers often through the use of technology that is coupled with a new underlying production or business model, and/or a broad array of partners, including, in some cases, customers themselves. Think about the disruption created by Apple by the introduction of the iPod and iTunes, and by Netflix within the entertainment sectors using partners within the ecosystem; think of Uber that didn’t build an app around the taxi business but rather built a mobility business around the app to improve customer experience. Airline Industry considers whether the airline industry is poised for disruptive innovations from inside or outside of the industry. Although airlines have a long history of continuous improvements and innovation, few of their innovations can be classified as disruptive innovations. The few disruptive innovations that did emerge were facilitated, for example by new technology (jet aircraft) and government policy (deregulation). Now there are new forces in play-customers who expect to receive products that are more personalized and experience-based throughout the entire journey, new customer interfaces (via social media), advanced information systems and analytics, financially powerful airlines based in emerging nations, and the rise of unencumbered entrepreneurs who think differently as well as platform-focused integrators.

Innovation in Commoditized Service Industries

Innovation in Commoditized Service Industries
Author: Maximilian Rothkopf
Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2009
Genre: Airlines
ISBN: 3643100191
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The passenger airline industry is a prominent service industry that is becoming increasingly commoditized. As little empirical work in this field exists, this study contributes to research by exploring how passenger airlines leverage innovation in such market conditions from a strategic and organizational view. Comprehensive case studies of a sample of eight passenger airlines constitute the empirical basis. The analysis detects patterns of innovations and draws conclusions on the strategic innovation behavior in the airline industry. The study proposes an organizational concept and a strategic approach for airlines to innovate in an increasingly commoditized market.

The Evolution of the US Airline Industry

The Evolution of the US Airline Industry
Author: Eldad Ben-Yosef
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 316
Release: 2005-07-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780387242132
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The Evolution of the US Airline Industry discusses the evolution of the hub-and-spoke network system and the associated price discrimination strategy, as the post-deregulation dominant business model of the major incumbent airlines and its breakdown in the early 2000s. It highlights the role that aircraft – as a production input – and the aircraft manufacturers' strategy have played in shaping this dominant business model in the 1990s. Fierce competition between Airbus and Boeing and plummeting new aircraft prices in the early 2000s have fueled low-cost competition of unprecedented scope, that destroyed the old business model. The impact of the manufacturers' strategy on these trends has been overlooked by industry observers, who have traditionally focused on the demand for air travel and labor costs as the most critical elements in future trends and survivability of major network airlines. The book debates the impact and merit of government regulation of the industry. It examines uncertainty, information problems, and interest group structures that have shaped environmental and safety regulations. These regulations disregard market signals and deviate from standard economic principles of social efficiency and public interest. The Evolution of the US Airline Industry also debates the applicability of traditional antitrust analysis and policies, which conflict with the complex dynamics of real-life airline competition. It questions the regulator's ability to interpret industry conduct in real time, let alone predict or change its course towards a "desirable" direction. The competitive response of the low-cost startup airlines surprised many antitrust proponents, who believed the major incumbent airlines practically blocked significant new entry. This creative market response, in fact, destroyed the major incumbents' power to discriminate pricing – a task the antitrust efforts failed to accomplish.

Airline Industry

Airline Industry
Author: JayEtta Z. Hecker
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 57
Release: 2008
Genre: Transportation
ISBN: 1437909337
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The airline industry generates operating revenues of $172 billion in 2007, amounting to over 1% of the U.S. gross domestic product. It carried more than 700 million passengers in 2007. Airline deregulation in 1978 led, at least in part, to increasingly volatile airline profitability, resulting in periods of significant losses and bankruptcies. In response, some airlines have proposed or are considering merging with or acquiring another airline. This report describes: (1) the financial condition of the U.S. passenger airline industry; (2) whether the industry is becoming more or less competitive; (3) why airlines seek to merge with or acquire other airlines; and (4) the role of fed. authorities in reviewing proposed airline mergers and acquisitions. Charts and tables.

How the Macroeconomic Environment of the Airline Industry Affects the Strategic Decision of Boing Vs Airbus

How the Macroeconomic Environment of the Airline Industry Affects the Strategic Decision of Boing Vs Airbus
Author: Christian Uwagwuna
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2011-04-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3640893948
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Document from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 72, De Montfort University Leicester (De Montfort University Leicester UK), course: Strategic Management, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the external economic factors affecting the strategic decision of airline industry and how this decision in turn, affect the market forecast of the aircraft manufacturing industry. Various business issues affect airlines operation either directly and indirectly, and these issues affect the strategic decision of the airline industry. The present economic crisis, instability in aviation fuel price, and environmental factors (such as the recent volcanic ashes and snow) has further shrunk business in the airline industry and thereby increasing competitive rivalry. Although the future projected growth by the airline industry look promising, factors affecting airline businesses can make it daunting. Strategic decisions however, will help the airlines to maximize this positive forecast. To make these decisions, it is vital for the origination to understand the macro-economic environment affecting the airline industry. [...]

The Evolution of the Airline Industry

The Evolution of the Airline Industry
Author: Steven Morrison
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2010-12-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780815721208
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Since the enactment of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, questions that had been at the heart of the ongoing debate about the industry for eighty years gained a new intensity: Is there enough competition among airlines to ensure that passengers do not pay excessive fares? Can an unregulated airline industry be profitable? Is air travel safe? While economic regulation provided a certain stability for both passengers and the industry, deregulation changed everything. A new fare structure emerged; travelers faced a variety of fares and travel restrictions; and the offerings changed frequently. In the last fifteen years, the airline industry's earnings have fluctuated wildly. New carriers entered the industry, but several declared bankruptcy, and Eastern, Pan Am, and Midway were liquidated. As financial pressures mounted, fears have arisen that air safety is being compromised by carriers who cut costs by skimping on maintenance and hiring inexperienced pilots. Deregulation itself became an issue with many critics calling for a return to some form of regulation. In this book, Steven A. Morrison and Clifford Winston assert that all too often public discussion of the issues of airline competition, profitability, and safety take place without a firm understanding of the facts. The policy recommendations that emerge frequently ignore the long-run evolution of the industry and its capacity to solve its own problems. This book provides a comprehensive profile of the industry as it has evolved, both before and since deregulation. The authors identify the problems the industry faces, assess their severity and their underlying causes, and indicate whether government policy can play an effective role in improving performance. They also develop a basis for understanding the industry's evolution and how the industry will eventually adapt to the unregulated economic environment. Morrison and Winston maintain that although the airline industry has not rea

Critical Analysis of Corporate Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility as Sources of Global Competitive Advantage in the Airline Industry

Critical Analysis of Corporate Culture and Corporate Social Responsibility as Sources of Global Competitive Advantage in the Airline Industry
Author: Lisa Guhl
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2016-11-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 366833479X
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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,5, University of applied sciences, Düsseldorf, language: English, abstract: Since globalization started companies have been looking for ways to compete successfully on a global scale. Trends in the global environment, such as worldwide sourcing models requiring the management of cultural differences, as well as rapid communication and technology innovation, are still challenging for many industries. The airline industry being itself a reason for an increasingly borderless world also faces these global trends and fierce competition. Numerous factors have caused a downward trend of profits in this industry. The first factor has been the deregulation process. Under regulation airlines could not compete on price. Therefore, differentiation was only possible by customer service or on-board entertainment. With the start of de-regulation most customers could not find much difference between the offerings of major airlines and became indifferent about which airline to choose. Airline tickets started to become a kind of commodity goods. So, although deregulation was thought to lead to lower entry barriers, decreasing concentration and competitive prices, practice turned out to be different: expansion and alliance strategies of leading airlines have increased concentration. Besides liberalization, other factors have been the economic slowdown in many countries, terrorism, and rising costs for fuel, labour, maintenance, and security. Also rising customer expectations e.g. regarding convenience, entertainment, innovation, and value for money require the airline industry to change dynamically. Moreover, airlines face demands for CSR and sustainable travel, including pollution control and reduction of noise and CO2 emissions. Competition from low-cost carriers also gains in importance since their share of global capacity increased to more than 25 % in 2013. So, even if demand for air transportation has grown by an average of 9 % per year since 1960, and global airline revenues reached a new high of US$708 billion in 2013, airlines need to find ways to stand global competition as their environment, as well as economic and social frameworks potentially endanger profits and economic survival.

Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry

Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry
Author: Hendrik Vedder
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 71
Release: 2008-12-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3640228596
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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,9, European Business School - International University Schloß Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel (Chair of Strategic Aviation Management), course: Bacheloarbeit, language: English, abstract: “Companies are just beginning to learn what nations have always known: in a complex, uncertain world filled with dangerous opponents, it is best not to go it alone” (Ohmae, 1989, p. 143). This statement emphasises the significant developments in firms’ corporate strategy in the 1980s. As a response to the rise of globalisation, and thus, increased competition, companies throughout the world started collaborating with partners with interfirm cooperation. Their cooperative practices, though, were not equally relevant in all branches, but concentrated mainly on industries that were affected most by the in-creasing environmental dynamic and complexity. Therefore, firms in various industries, such as the automotive or telecommunication industry, established alliances with their competitors in order to stay competitive and to jointly expand into world markets. However, the aviation industry, in particular, has experienced downright alliance frenzy since that time. With the gradual liberalisation of international air transport, collabora-tions between carriers have steadily gained importance. Therefore, airline alliances have developed from purely horizontal links into more complex and integrated strategic alliances. These strategic alliances have been established mainly to bypass existing regula-tory restrictions and to adapt to customers' altered preferences by extending the airlines’ networks. However, with the incidents that occurred during the first years of the 21st century, such as the terrorist acts of 9/11, partner airlines were forced to react to the changed external conditions. This development highlights the high dependence of air-lines and their strategic behaviour on the external environment. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyse the external conditions that persuaded the airlines to align in complex strategic alliances, and how these factors influenced their objectives. Furthermore, the thesis reveals the extent to which the changes in the external environ-ment have induced a reorientation in the airlines’ alliance strategy.