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Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity

Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Total Pages: 57
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN: 1428913378

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The thermal protection requirements for cold weather masonry, as established in current industry specifications, were evaluated. Experiments were conducted to define the most relevant factors in the process of freezing of newly placed mortar. The effect of unit absorption on the moisture content of mortar during the first hours after assembly was assessed. Correlations of moisture content with time were developed for mortar in contact with masonry units. Frost immunity thresholds in terms of mortar moisture content and in terms of maturity were determined. The test results provided the basis for new proposed guidance on when fresh mortar can be safely exposed to freezing temperatures. Test methods for evaluation of the freeze thaw resistance of masonry units were evaluated. A new test was proposed and adopted by ASTM as a new standard test for the freeze thaw testing of masonry units. In addition, several chemicals were evaluated for their potential as antifreeze admixtures for masonry mortar. Antifreeze admixtures were first developed for use in concrete, but the practicality of using antifreeze admixtures in masonry mortars was demonstrated in a field application in Michigan during the winter.


Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity

Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 57
Release: 1997
Genre:
ISBN:

Download Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle

The thermal protection requirements for cold weather masonry, as established in current industry specifications, were evaluated. Experiments were conducted to define the most relevant factors in the process of freezing of newly placed mortar. The effect of unit absorption on the moisture content of mortar during the first hours after assembly was assessed. Correlations of moisture content with time were developed for mortar in contact with masonry units. Frost immunity thresholds in terms of mortar moisture content and in terms of maturity were determined. The test results provided the basis for new proposed guidance on when fresh mortar can be safely exposed to freezing temperatures. Test methods for evaluation of the freeze thaw resistance of masonry units were evaluated. A new test was proposed and adopted by ASTM as a new standard test for the freeze thaw testing of masonry units. In addition, several chemicals were evaluated for their potential as antifreeze admixtures for masonry mortar. Antifreeze admixtures were first developed for use in concrete, but the practicality of using antifreeze admixtures in masonry mortars was demonstrated in a field application in Michigan during the winter.


Estimating Building Costs

Estimating Building Costs
Author: Calin M. Popescu
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 670
Release: 2003-04-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0824748549

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Companies live or die on the basis of estimating their costs. Preparing estimates and bidding for new jobs is a complex and often costly process. There is no substitute for on the job training -- until now. Drawing on the authors' combined experience of more than 70 years, Estimating Building Costs presents state-of-the-art principles, practices, and techniques for assessing these expenditures that can be applied regardless of changes in the costs of materials, equipment, and labor. The book is an efficient and practical tool for developing contracts or controlling project costs. The authors cover the major components of the direct cost: estimating procedures and cost trends related to materials, construction equipment, and skilled and unskilled labor. They describe various types of building estimates encountered during the lifecycle of a project, as well as the role and accuracy of each. The book provides an overview of the industry, cost indexes in use, approaches to preparing a detailed estimate, and an in-depth description of the organization and function of the estimating group. Including CSI Master Format and UniFormat codes, estimating forms, a list of available estimating software packages, a detailed construction site and investigation report, the book provides a cost estimating methodology that readers can tailor to their own organizational needs.


Effect of Nanoparticles on the Properties of Masonry Mortars and Assemblages at a Cold Temperature

Effect of Nanoparticles on the Properties of Masonry Mortars and Assemblages at a Cold Temperature
Author: Hooman Kazempour
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

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Cold weather masonry construction is a major concern for contractors as they either have to implement heating practices for laying and curing masonry systems or postpone the construction to warmer periods. This can lead to loss of productivity rate and delays in construction schedules with associated extra costs. This thesis explores a novel approach for mitigating the adverse effects of cold weather on masonry construction in early fall periods through the application of nano-alumina (NA) and nano-silica (NS) in mortar joints. The assessment criteria were based on the fresh properties, hardened properties and microstructural features of mortar mixtures and mechanical behaviour of concrete masonry prisms at early and later ages. Various test results show that NS can be successfully used to minimize the adverse effects of cold temperature on mortar joints by speeding up the hydration of cement, shortening the setting time, and increasing the strength up to 72 h.


AR, Architecture/research

AR, Architecture/research
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 164
Release: 1992
Genre: Architecture
ISBN:

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