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Incomplete Information and the Closed-end Fund Discount

Incomplete Information and the Closed-end Fund Discount
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We model the closed-end fund discount/premium in a version of Merton's (1978) asset pricing model with incomplete information. In this economy, investors trade only assets which they " know about" . The model generates a closed-end fund discount or premium, depending on risk-aversion parameters. The fund share price reverts to the net asset value on open-ending of the fund. The discount/premium is a result of two economic forces: (1) the fund manager's objective is to maximize expected utility of her fee income rather than the welfare of fund shareholders. Mis-alignment of objectives of the fund manager and shareholders results in discount/premium, and (2) for given risk aversion parameters, diversification benefits to investors determine the size of the discount/premium. Pontiff (1996) documents a positive relation between discounts and unhedgeable risk. This evidence along with other findings leads Pontiff to conclude that discounts appear to be a result of mispricing. Our model provides an alternative interpretation on the positive relation found by Pontiff based on the economic forces depicted above.


Closed-End Fund Pricing

Closed-End Fund Pricing
Author: Seth Anderson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 106
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475736339

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Closed-End Investment Companies (CEICs) have experienced a significant revival of interest, both as investment vehicles and as the subject of academic research, over the past decade. This academic research has focused on the nature of closed-end funds' discounts and premiums and on the share price behavior of these firms. The first book by the authors, "Closed-End Investment Companies: Issues and Answers," addresses closed-end fund academic articles published prior to 1991. This second book addresses those articles that have appeared since that time. Closed-End Fund Pricing: Theories and Evidence is designed for the academic researcher interested in CEICs and the practitioner interested in using CEICs as an investment vehicle. The authors summarize the evolution of CEICs, present the factors thought to cause CEIC shares to trade at different levels from their net asset values, provide a complete survey of the recent academic literature on this topic, and summarize the current state of research on CEICs.


Closed-End Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds, and Hedge Funds

Closed-End Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds, and Hedge Funds
Author: Seth Anderson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 132
Release: 2009-09-18
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 144190168X

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"Closed-End Funds, Exchange-Traded Funds, and Hedge Funds: Origins, Functions, and Literature is a concise and valuable book that will be of interest to individual investors, financial professionals, and academic researchers, alike. It provides a brief history and institutional discussion of these investment companies and also presents a summary of the research on these funds. Investment practitioners will find the book useful as a reference and as a quick refresher on the current state of knowledge regarding each fund type. Equally important, it provides academic researchers with an accurate institutional framework within which to cast their theoretical models, and a point of departure for expanding the empirical analysis for improving our understanding of these funds. All-in-all, this is a very valuable book; I highly recommend it." (John J. Jackson, Professor of Economics, Auburn University) "Professors Anderson, Born, and Schnusenberg provide a valuable service in this monograph. The practical significance of closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds, and hedge funds has increased dramatically in recent years, but all too many academics and investors know little about them. This text presents a carefully-focused and understandable description of these investment vehicles, highlighting the big, unresolved questions, while also including careful and fair accounts of the state of the literature. Nothing extraneous clutters the presentation, but, more importantly, nothing necessary is left out. Highly recommended." (T. Randolph Beard, Professor of Economics and Public Policy, Auburn University) "This book is both useful as a reference book and as an additive, educational overview of ETFs and hedge funds, as well as CEFs. In today’s tumultuous markets, much reference is made to these subjects without a clear understanding of the vehicles, their structure and their history. This is a very timely publication and should be viewed as an important read. The book contains definitive explanations and also includes an excellent summary of past works in this area. Readable, informative and highly useful as a reference source." (Kathleen A. Wayner, President and CEO, Bowling Portfolio Management)


ETF Advisor Diploma - City of London College of Economics - 3 months - 100% online / self-paced

ETF Advisor Diploma - City of London College of Economics - 3 months - 100% online / self-paced
Author: City of London College of Economics
Publisher: City of London College of Economics
Total Pages: 1000
Release:
Genre: Education
ISBN:

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Overview Did you ever want to know more about ETFs? With this diploma course you will acquire an in-depth understanding to become a successful ETF Advisor. Content - What ETFs are - How ETFs are Created and Priced - ETFs Compared to Index Mutual Funds - Advantages and Disadvantages of ETFs - Tax and Operational Efficiency of Exchange-Traded Funds - International Diversification of ETFs - ETF Basket - ETF Regulation - Comparing Fees by Structure - Actively Managed ETFs - Calculating the Net Asset Value - Currency ETFs -And much more Duration 3 months Assessment The assessment will take place on the basis of one assignment at the end of the course. Tell us when you feel ready to take the exam and we’ll send you the assignment questions. Study material ​​​​​​​The study material will be provided in separate files by email / download link.


Closed-End Fund Discounts in a Rational Agent Economy

Closed-End Fund Discounts in a Rational Agent Economy
Author: Matthew I. Spiegel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2000
Genre:
ISBN:

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Nearly any standard financial model concludes that two assets with identical cash flows must sell for the same price. Alas, closed-end mutual fund company share prices seem to violate thisfundamental tenant. Even when one considers several standard frictions, such as taxes and agency costs, classical financial models cannot explain the large persistent discounts foundwithin the data. While the standard financial markets model may not explain the existence of large closed-end fund discounts, this paper shows that a rather close version of it does. In anotherwise frictionless market, if asset supplies vary randomly over time and agents posses finite lives a closed-end mutual fund's stock price may not track its net asset value. Furthermore, the analysis provides a number of conditions under which these discrepancies will lead to the existence of systematic discounts for the mutual fund's shares. In addition, the model provides predictions regarding the correlation between current closed-end fund discounts and current changes in stock prices and future changes in corporate productivity. As the analysis shows the same parameter values that lead to systematic discounts also lead to other fund price characteristics that resemble many of the results found within empirical studies.


Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds

Swing Pricing and Fragility in Open-end Mutual Funds
Author: Dunhong Jin
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2019-11-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513519492

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How to prevent runs on open-end mutual funds? In recent years, markets have observed an innovation that changed the way open-end funds are priced. Alternative pricing rules (known as swing pricing) adjust funds’ net asset values to pass on funds’ trading costs to transacting shareholders. Using unique data on investor transactions in U.K. corporate bond funds, we show that swing pricing eliminates the first-mover advantage arising from the traditional pricing rule and significantly reduces redemptions during stress periods. The positive impact of alternative pricing rules on fund flows reverses in calm periods when costs associated with higher tracking error dominate the pricing effect.


Asset Pricing

Asset Pricing
Author: B.Philipp Kellerhals
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2012-11-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3540246975

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Covers applications to risky assets traded on the markets for funds, fixed-income products and electricity derivatives. Integrates the latest research and includes a new chapter on financial modeling.


Synthetic and Structured Assets

Synthetic and Structured Assets
Author: Erik Banks
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2006-02-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470031530

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Organized along product lines, the book will analyze many of the original classes of structured assets, including mortgage- and asset-backed securities and strips, as well as the newest structured and synthetic instruments, including exchange-traded funds, credit derivative-based collateralized debt obligations, total return swaps, contingent convertibles, and insurance-linked securities. Two introductory chapters will outline the scope of the market, key definitions, participant motivations/goals, economics of structuring and synthetic replication, and the central "building blocks" used in the creation of synthetic/structured assets (including on-balance sheet assets and liabilities, derivatives, shelf registration debt programs, private placements, trusts, and special purpose entities). Eight product chapters will then examine the main instruments of the marketplace: mortgage- and asset-backed securities, stripped/reconstituted government securities, collateralized debt obligations, structured notes, insurance-linked securities, exchange-traded funds, convertible bond variations, and derivatives/synthetic asset replication. Each product chapter will contain product descriptions, structural features (e.g., trading conventions, settlement), arbitrage/investment drivers, and various worked examples and diagrams that emphasize practical investment and risk applications; financial mathematics will be kept to a minimum. A concluding chapter will review the essential risk, legal, regulatory, and accounting features of synthetic and structured assets in the world's major markets.