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Logic and Implication

Logic and Implication
Author: Petr Cintula
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 465
Release: 2022-01-01
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3030856755

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This monograph presents a general theory of weakly implicative logics, a family covering a vast number of non-classical logics studied in the literature, concentrating mainly on the abstract study of the relationship between logics and their algebraic semantics. It can also serve as an introduction to (abstract) algebraic logic, both propositional and first-order, with special attention paid to the role of implication, lattice and residuated connectives, and generalized disjunctions. Based on their recent work, the authors develop a powerful uniform framework for the study of non-classical logics. In a self-contained and didactic style, starting from very elementary notions, they build a general theory with a substantial number of abstract results. The theory is then applied to obtain numerous results for prominent families of logics and their algebraic counterparts, in particular for superintuitionistic, modal, substructural, fuzzy, and relevant logics. The book may be of interest to a wide audience, especially students and scholars in the fields of mathematics, philosophy, computer science, or related areas, looking for an introduction to a general theory of non-classical logics and their algebraic semantics.


Acts of Implication

Acts of Implication
Author: Irvin Ehrenpreis
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2024-07-26
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 0520413814

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Acts of Implication argues that the best approach to the aesthetic value of much literature of the past is by way of the deliberate meaning—implicit or explicit—that the author invites the reader to share. Irvin Ehrenpreis shows that subtlety and indirection do not militate against the didacticism and lucid style we usually associate with writers in the Augustan tradition. In a group of simulating essays he examines how an eighteenth-century dramatist, an essayist, a poet, and a novelist imply meaning about politics, religion, and sexual passion, focusing on their concept of heroism to elaborate these themes. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1980.


Asymptotic Symmetry and Its Implication in Elementary Particle Physics

Asymptotic Symmetry and Its Implication in Elementary Particle Physics
Author: S. Oneda
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 374
Release: 1991
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789810204983

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In elementary particle physics, there are a number of recognizable underlying symmetries which correctly describe spectacular multiplet structure of observed particles. However, lack of a consistent method to deal with badly broken symmetry has hindered the investigation through symmetry. With this book the authors hope to arouse interest in the approach to broken symmetry from a fresh point of view.The authors argue that spectrum generating symmetries still maintain asymptotic symmetry for physical (not virtual) particles. When combined with the symmetry related equal-time commutation relations which are derivable from fundamental Lagrangian, asymptotic symmetry then demands a close interplay among the masses, mixing parameters and coupling constants of physical particles. From this point of view, we may understand the success of the naive quark model, remarkable mass and mass-mixing angle relations in QCD and electroweak theory and even the presence of dynamical selection rules. The method may also give us a powerful tool for the study of new physics where fundamental Lagrangian is not yet known.


SPIN® -Selling

SPIN® -Selling
Author: Neil Rackham
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2020-04-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000111482

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True or false? In selling high-value products or services: 'closing' increases your chance of success; it is essential to describe the benefits of your product or service to the customer; objection handling is an important skill; open questions are more effective than closed questions. All false, says this provocative book. Neil Rackham and his team studied more than 35,000 sales calls made by 10,000 sales people in 23 countries over 12 years. Their findings revealed that many of the methods developed for selling low-value goods just don‘t work for major sales. Rackham went on to introduce his SPIN-Selling method. SPIN describes the whole selling process: Situation questions Problem questions Implication questions Need-payoff questions SPIN-Selling provides you with a set of simple and practical techniques which have been tried in many of today‘s leading companies with dramatic improvements to their sales performance.


SQL and Relational Theory

SQL and Relational Theory
Author: C. Date
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Total Pages: 447
Release: 2011-12-16
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1449316409

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SQL is full of difficulties and traps for the unwary. You can avoid them if you understand relational theory, but only if you know how to put the theory into practice. In this insightful book, author C.J. Date explains relational theory in depth, and demonstrates through numerous examples and exercises how you can apply it directly to your use of SQL. This second edition includes new material on recursive queries, “missing information” without nulls, new update operators, and topics such as aggregate operators, grouping and ungrouping, and view updating. If you have a modest-to-advanced background in SQL, you’ll learn how to deal with a host of common SQL dilemmas. Why is proper column naming so important? Nulls in your database are causing you to get wrong answers. Why? What can you do about it? Is it possible to write an SQL query to find employees who have never been in the same department for more than six months at a time? SQL supports “quantified comparisons,” but they’re better avoided. Why? How do you avoid them? Constraints are crucially important, but most SQL products don’t support them properly. What can you do to resolve this situation? Database theory and practice have evolved since the relational model was developed more than 40 years ago. SQL and Relational Theory draws on decades of research to present the most up-to-date treatment of SQL available. C.J. Date has a stature that is unique within the database industry. A prolific writer well known for the bestselling textbook An Introduction to Database Systems (Addison-Wesley), he has an exceptionally clear style when writing about complex principles and theory.


Fuzzy Implications

Fuzzy Implications
Author: Michał Baczyński
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2008-09-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3540690824

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This book is the first ever to deal exclusively with this class of operations. It offers an introduction to Fuzzy Implications, an analytical study of them, and an algebraic exploration into the structures that exist on the set of all FIs.


Implications in Morava $K$-Theory

Implications in Morava $K$-Theory
Author: Richard M. Kane
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Total Pages: 118
Release: 1986
Genre: K-theory
ISBN: 0821823426

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This paper studies the mod 2 cohomology [italic]H*[italic]X of finite [italic]H-spaces. It is shown that when [italic]X is connected and simply connected then [italic]H*[italic]X has no indecomposables of even degree. As a consequence, [italic]H*([capital Greek]Omega[italic]X;[bold]Z) and [italic]K*[italic]X have no 2 torsion. The main result is proved by using Morava [script]K-theory.


A Dictionary of Logic

A Dictionary of Logic
Author: Thomas Macaulay Ferguson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2016-06-16
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 0192511556

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A Dictionary of Logic expands on Oxford's coverage of the topic in works such as The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Mathematics, and A Dictionary of Computer Science. Featuring more than 450 entries primarily concentrating on technical terminology, the history of logic, the foundations of mathematics, and non-classical logic, this dictionary is an essential resource for both undergraduates and postgraduates studying philosophical logic at a high level.


Advances in Fuzzy Implication Functions

Advances in Fuzzy Implication Functions
Author: Michał Baczyński
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 209
Release: 2013-01-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 364235677X

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Fuzzy implication functions are one of the main operations in fuzzy logic. They generalize the classical implication, which takes values in the set {0,1}, to fuzzy logic, where the truth values belong to the unit interval [0,1]. These functions are not only fundamental for fuzzy logic systems, fuzzy control, approximate reasoning and expert systems, but they also play a significant role in mathematical fuzzy logic, in fuzzy mathematical morphology and image processing, in defining fuzzy subsethood measures and in solving fuzzy relational equations. This volume collects 8 research papers on fuzzy implication functions. Three articles focus on the construction methods, on different ways of generating new classes and on the common properties of implications and their dependencies. Two articles discuss implications defined on lattices, in particular implication functions in interval-valued fuzzy set theories. One paper summarizes the sufficient and necessary conditions of solutions for one distributivity equation of implication. The following paper analyzes compositions based on a binary operation * and discusses the dependencies between the algebraic properties of this operation and the induced sup-* composition. The last article discusses some open problems related to fuzzy implications, which have either been completely solved or those for which partial answers are known. These papers aim to present today’s state-of-the-art in this area.


Wholeness and the Implicate Order

Wholeness and the Implicate Order
Author: David Bohm
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 361
Release: 2005-07-12
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1134438729

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David Bohm was one of the foremost scientific thinkers and philosophers of our time. Although deeply influenced by Einstein, he was also, more unusually for a scientist, inspired by mysticism. Indeed, in the 1970s and 1980s he made contact with both J. Krishnamurti and the Dalai Lama whose teachings helped shape his work. In both science and philosophy, Bohm's main concern was with understanding the nature of reality in general and of consciousness in particular. In this classic work he develops a theory of quantum physics which treats the totality of existence as an unbroken whole. Writing clearly and without technical jargon, he makes complex ideas accessible to anyone interested in the nature of reality.