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The Impact of WTO SPS Law on EU Food Regulations

The Impact of WTO SPS Law on EU Food Regulations
Author: Chris Downes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2014-03-20
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3319043730

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This book brings a fresh perspective on the emerging field of international food law with the first detailed analysis of the process and implications of domestic compliance with the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. It investigates the influence of WTO disciplines on the domestic policy-making process and examines the extent to which international trade law determines European Union (EU) food regulations. Following controversial WTO rulings on genetically-modified foods and growth hormones in beef, awareness and criticism of global rules governing food has grown considerably. Yet the real impact of this international legal meta-framework on domestic regulations has remained obscure to practitioners and largely unexplored by legal commentators. This book examines the emergence of transnational governance practices set in motion by the SPS Agreement and their role in facilitating agricultural trade. In so doing, it complements and challenges conventional accounts of the SPS regime dominated by analysis of WTO disputes. It reviews legal commentary of the SPS Agreement to understand why WTO rules are so commonly characterised as a significant threat to domestic food policy preferences. It then takes on these assumptions through an in-depth review of food policies and decision-making practices in the EU, revealing both the potential and limits of WTO law to shape EU policies. It finally examines two important venues for the generation of global food norms – the WTO SPS Committee and Codex Alimentarius – to evaluate the practice and significance of transnational governance in this domain. Through detailed case studies including novel foods, food additives, vitamin and mineral supplements and transparency and equivalence procedures, this book provides a richer account of compliance and exposes the subtle, but important influence of WTO obligations.


Impact of WTO Law on European Food Regulation

Impact of WTO Law on European Food Regulation
Author: Marco Bronckers
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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Food occupies a central role within the World Trade Organization (WTO), certainly where litigation is concerned. By way of illustration, a cursory read of WTO disputes initiated by Members to date reveals the existence of a veritable dispute settlement 'menu': WTO tribunals have entertained cases on beef (conventional and hormone-treated), chicken, lamb, salmon, sardines, scallops, and shrimp. Disputes of a more vegetarian-friendly nature have focused on apples, butter, bananas, coconuts, corn syrup, dairy products, GMO maize, GMO oilseed rape, GMO soybeans, GMO sugar beets, grains, laver, peaches, rice, sugar, wheat, and wheat gluten. To complete this menu, WTO tribunals have also heard disputes on alcoholic beverages and soft drinks. Food disputes that failed to reach WTO tribunal stages, because of a last minute settlements, have ranged from edible oils and coffee to macaroni. All in all, over a third of the more than 380 disputes initiated since WTO's inception in 1955 have involved food. No product category other than 'metals' comes close. These WTO disputes have involved a wide variety of food-related measures. In this article, we focus on the WTO disciplines relating to domestic regulation. In part II we will first explain how WTO Members like the EU try to position their food regulations so as to attract the seemingly more flexible (the 'TBT' as opposed to the 'SPS' regime). We will argue that many of these attempts may ultimately prove to be illusory. Next, we will illustrate the WTO-legal issues that can be presented by labelling regulations, which continue to be controversial but so far have largely escaped WTO litigation. In part III, we will sketch how private food interests can appeal to WTO law principles to resist unnecessary or undesirable food regulation in the EU. While denying 'direct effect' to WTO obligations, the European courts have found more subtle ways to give domestic law effect to WTO rules at the request of private parties.


European Food Regulation after Enlargement

European Food Regulation after Enlargement
Author: Karolina Żurek
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2011-11-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9004209018

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This book presents a critical legal perspective on the current direction of EU food regulation. Analysing three regulatory mechanisms - mutual recognition, scientific risk regulation and standardisation - in the evolution of food legislation in the EU, the book shows the inadequacy of the current framework in facing the challenges of enlargement. Using the particular experience of a new member state, Poland, the book argues that an enlarged Europe must not disregard diverse socio-economic implications of market regulation. Due to historical legacies and a bias in favour of homogeneity, the EU food regulatory regime has generated a one-dimensional crisis-oriented approach. As a result, it tends to overlook other legitimate concerns such as quality, diversity and local traditions. This book argues that this need not be so.


WTO Law

WTO Law
Author: Birgitte Egelund Olsen
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 515
Release: 2012-02-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041141952

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The European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) share the distinction of having proven themselves as the two most successful large-scale international trade regulation regimes. This very useful book analyses the core legal concepts and rules that characterise the regulation of trade in the WTO. At the heart of the analysis is a comparison of WTO rules with parallel rules in the EU trade system, revealing how similar trade issues are dealt with in the two systems – a perspective that not only sheds light on how WTO law and EU law interact, but also greatly facilitates an understanding of the special features of WTO law for readers who are more familiar with EU law. Within this framework, the authors explore such key trade issues as the following: dispute settlement; implementation of judicial decisions and enforcement; principles of non-discrimination; trade in goods; non-discriminatory restrictions as barriers to trade; exceptions from trade-liberalisation obligations; trade and environmental protection;trade in agricultural products; conditions for applying safeguard and anti-dumping measures; prohibited and actionable subsidies; regulation of services; protection of intellectual property rights; regional trade agreements; special and differential treatments; government procurement; competition policy; and regulation of investment. As a timely and accessible analysis of the WTO and its interaction with the EU, this book is sure to be welcomed by international trade professionals, government officials, and interested academics, students, and researchers.


The EU, World Trade Law and the Right to Food

The EU, World Trade Law and the Right to Food
Author: Giovanni Gruni
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 219
Release: 2018-08-09
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1509916210

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In recent years the European Union has developed a comprehensive strategy to conclude free trade agreements which includes not only prominent trade partners such as Canada, the United States and Japan but also numerous developing countries. This book looks at the existing WTO law and at the new EU free trade agreements with the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa through the lens of the human right to adequate food. It shows how the clauses on the import and export of food included in recent free trade agreements limit the capacity of these countries to implement food security policies and to respect their human rights obligations. This outcome appears to be at odds with international human rights law and dismissive of existing human rights references in EU-founding treaties as well as in treaties between the EU and developing states. Yet, the book argues against the conception in human rights literature that there is an inflexible agenda encoded in world trade law which is fundamentally conflictual with non-economic interests. The book puts forward the idea that the European Union is perfectly placed to develop a narrative of globalisation considering other areas of public international law when negotiating trade agreements and argues that the EU does have the competences and influence to uphold a role of international leadership in designing a sustainable global trading system. Will the EU be ambitious enough? A timely contribution to the growing academic literature on the relation between world trade law and international human rights law, this book imagines a central role for the EU in reconciling these two areas of international law.


Trade in Food

Trade in Food
Author: Alberto Alemanno
Publisher: Cameron May
Total Pages: 540
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1905017375

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Trade in Food surveys and explores the evolution of the European Community's regulation of food within the broader framework set out by the WTO Agreements. Its main purpose is to provide readers keen to deepen their knowledge of the field with easy access to the EC and WTO food laws accompanied by a critical explanation and commentary. The book is suitable for legal practitioners, judges, policy-makers, officials of international organizations as well as post graduate students of international trade law and policy, international and European economic law, global administrative law and risk regulation.


Food Safety Standards in International Trade

Food Safety Standards in International Trade
Author: Onsando Osiemo
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2016-09-15
Genre: Law
ISBN: 131552659X

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Food safety has become a major concern for consumers in the developed world and Europe in particular. This has been highlighted by the recent spate of food scares ranging from the BSE (mad cow) crisis to Chinese melamine contamination of baby formula. To ensure food safety throughout Europe, stringent food safety standards have been put in place ‘from farm to fork’. At the same time, poor African countries in the COMESA rely on their food exports to the European market to achieve their development goals yet have difficulty meeting the EU food safety standards. This book examines the impact of EU food safety standards on food imports from COMESA countries. It also critically examines both EU and COMESA food safety standards in light of the WTO SPS Agreement and the jurisprudence of the WTO panels and Appellate Body. The book makes ground-breaking proposals on how the standards divide between the EU and the COMESA can be bridged and discusses the impact of EU food safety standards on food imports from poor African countries.


Food Regulation and Trade

Food Regulation and Trade
Author: Tim Josling
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2004
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780881323467

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This work examines the regulation of the increasingly global food system. It analyzes the underlying causes of the trade conflicts, and outlines the steps that could be taken to ensure that food safety and open trade become at the least compatible and at best mutually supporting.


Food Law

Food Law
Author: Caoimhín MacMaoláin
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2015-04-30
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1782258035

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This book provides a broad conspectus on the application of EU and international regulation of the food sector on English law. It is aimed at practitioners and students of this vital and emerging branch of law, which has become an important part of current political and legal debate. It is written not just for lawyers as a statement of current law, but is also aimed at all those involved or interested in the food industry who wish to familiarise themselves with how the law is applied practically in this jurisdiction. The book commences with a short conceptual framework for the study of food law. It then provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of current English law, explaining fully the detailed processes by which both international and national law and EU decision making have impacted upon most aspects of the production, sale and consumption of food in England. The book explains and assesses the operation of the current law by describing in detail the roles of Government, the Food Standards Agency and local enforcement authorities in the making and enforcing of laws concerning food. The work contains full outlines of the developments in the most significant areas of food law. It concentrates specifically on topics such as food labelling and advertising, quality and compositional requirements, geographical food names, genetic modification, organic production, animal welfare and also the role of law in tackling poor health, obesity, and diet-related disease. The book, though primarily designed as a law text, goes beyond the usual confines of such works. It sets out to explain and describe the impact of successive food crises, such as BSE and the use of horsemeat in beef products, on food safety and transparency requirements. The book considers and assesses how the existing rules on the chemical and biological safety of food impact on our law, and concludes with a review of the developing legal issues concerning the environmental impacts of current and proposed food law, in particular the relationship between food law, climate change and food security.


Direct Effect of WTO Law

Direct Effect of WTO Law
Author: Geert A. Zonnekeyn
Publisher: Cameron May, Limited
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2008
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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The effect of the WTO Agreements within the legal order of the EU has been the object of fierce controversy in the case law of the Court of First Instance and of the European Court of Justice ever since the conception of the WTO. The case law of the European Courts clearly indicates that practitioners seem to have explored practically all the boundaries of this extremely fascinating subject. This book is a collection of essays written over a period of more than ten years and chronicles the evolution in the case law on the European Courts in Luxembourg on the enforceability of GATT and WTO law in the EU legal order.