Impact Of Organic Waste Residues On Structure And Function Of Soil Bacterial Communities PDF Download
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| Author | : Karin Nyberg |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Bacteria, Nitrifying |
| ISBN | : 9789157670694 |
Download Impact of Organic Waste Residues on Structure and Function of Soil Bacterial Communities Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The recirculation of biologically treated organic waste back to soil will help to promote sustainable agricultural development. However, although the use of such waste residues as fertilizers generally is beneficial for the soil ecosystem there is concern regarding their content of pollutants. In this thesis, the effects of biologically treated organic waste residues on the structure and function of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and total bacteria communities in agricultural soils were investigated using molecular fingerprinting methods in combination with potential activity measurements. The AOB perform the rate-limiting step in the nitrification process and are considered to be sensitive to environmental disturbances. Using AOB activity as an indicator, different organic waste residues were demonstrated to contain organic compounds that inhibit this group of organisms. Furthermore, it was possible to identify a correlation between the degree of inhibition of AOB activity and the concentration of phenols. However, in these studies no link between activity inhibition and shifts in community structure was seen. The possibility to link effects on bacterial activity to community structure was further studied by targeting the active AOB by BrdU incorporation. In this way, short-term effects of a pollutant (4-ethylphenol) on the active AOB community structure were identified, which could not be detected on the total community. Effects of different fertilization regimes on the structure and function of AOB became more evident when a long-term field study was investigated. A link between AOB community structure and metabolic function was detected in a soil subjected to different fertilization regimes for 50 years. In addition, a low AOB diversity was detected in soil treatments in which the total bacterial community also showed signs of stress. Thus, the decrease in AOB activity and diversity also indicated a stressed soil environment. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that pollutants in biologically treated organic waste residues can have negative impacts on the structure and function of AOB communities in soil. However, potential risks must be compared with the benefits arising from the use of organic waste residues in agriculture.
| Author | : Jay Shankar Singh |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 611 |
| Release | : 2021-08-20 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0323858945 |
Download Microbes in Land Use Change Management Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Microbes in Land Use Change Management details the various roles of microbial resources in management of land uses and how the microbes can be used for the source of income due to their cultivation for the purpose of biomass and bioenergy production. Using various techniques, the disturbed and marginal lands may also be restored eco-friendly in present era to fulfil the feeding needs of mankind around the globe. Microbes in Land Use Change Management provides standard and up to date information towards the land use change management using various microbial technologies to enhance the productivity of agriculture. Needless to say that Microbes in Land Use Change Management also considers the areas including generation of alternative energy sources, restoration of degraded and marginal lands, mitigation of global warming gases and next generation -omics technique etc. Land use change affects environment conditions and soil microbial community. Microbial population and its species diversity have influence in maintaining ecosystem balance. The study of changes of microbial population provides an idea about the variation occurring in a specific area and possibilities of restoration. Meant for a multidisciplinary audience Microbes in Land Use Change Management shows the need of next-generation omics technologies to explore microbial diversity. Describes the role of microbes in generation of alternative source of energy Gives recent information related to various microbial technology and their diversified applications Provides thorough insight in the problems related to landscape dynamics, restoration of soil, reclamation of lands mitigation of global warming gases etc. eco-friendly way using versatility of microbes Includes microbial tools and technology in reclamation of degraded, disturbed and marginal lands, mitigation of global warming gases
| Author | : Anna Aladjadjiyan |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2018-08-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1789235723 |
Download Agricultural Waste and Residues Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This book is dedicated to the reuse of waste and residues from the agricultural sector. Plant residues, as well as animal manure and residues from animal breeding, contain useful elements that can be processed for production of fertilizers, compost for soil recultivation, and biofuels. The emerging energy and resources crisis calls for development of sustainable reuse of waste and residues. This book contains eight chapters divided into four sections. The first section contains the introductory chapter from the editor. The second section is related to the preparation of fertilizers and compost for soil amelioration from agricultural residues and waste water. The third section considers the use of agricultural waste for solid biofuels and biogas. The fourth section discusses sustainability and risk assessment related to the use of agricultural waste and residues.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Diversity and Activity of Soil Bacterial Communities under different Management Regimes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Bacteria are key players in nutrient cycles and energy transduction in soil. Although soil bacterial communities have been studied for several decades, our knowledge on their structure, dynamics ecosystem function is still limited. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the understanding of these communities. In the first two studies, the impact of fertilizer treatment, two distinct aspen demes, soil properties (pH, water content, and C/N ratio), and sampling time on the total (DNA level) and the metabolic active (RNA level) bacterial community was analyzed. Thus, soil samples were col...
| Author | : P. M. Huang |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 472 |
| Release | : 1995-03-29 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Download Environmental Impacts of Soil Component Interactions Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
V. 1 - Natural and anthropogenic organics; v. 2 - Metals, other inorganics, and microbial activities. General soil quality as influenced by interactions of soil minerals with organics and microorganisms: Organic-inorganic interections in soils and their effects on soil quality; Sorption phenomena between inorganic and organic compounds in soils: impacts on transformation processes; Role of aluminium and iron in the accumulation of organic matter in soils with variable charge; Sorption of ions by soil organic matter and clay-organics at low ionic strength; Water potential, soil microhabitats, and microbial development; Effect of citric acid on interlayer adsorption of hydroxy-aluminosilicate ions by montmorillonite; Microbial oxidation of pyrites in relation to its efficiency in alkali soil reclamation; Modification of gelation properties of colloidal solids from oil sands: extraction impact on fine tailings formation; Position paper of part I; Transformations of natural and anthropogenic organic compounds as affected by soil minerals and microorganisms: Natural organics; Recent advances in organomineral interactions: implications for carbon cycling and soil structure; The role of short-range ordered mineral colloids in abiotic transformations of organics components in the environment; Influence of pyrogallol on the catalytic action of iron and managenese oxides in amino acid transformation; Photochemical effect on the abiotic transformations of polyphenolics as catalyzed by Mn(IV) oxide; Potential of the supercitical fluid extraction technique for characterizing organic-inorganic interactions in soils; Dissolution and fractionation of calcium-bound and iron-and aluminium-bound humus in soils; Rhe quality of soil organic matter as characterized by soil CPMAS C-NMR, and Py-FIMS; Extracellular polysaccharides: an interface between microorganisms and soil constituents; Low-molecular-weigh aliphatic carboxylic acids in some andisols of Japan; Relationship between organic acids and microorganisms on a kong-term cropping site in southeastern Australia; Effect of the addition of plant residues on the mineralization of sulfur in Costa Rican soils; Anthropogenic organics: Sorption and biodegradation of organic contaminants in soils: conceptual representations of process coupling; The role of dissolved metals and metal-containing surfaces in catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic pollutants; The role of abiotic and biotic catalysts in the transformation of phenolic compounds; The role of abiotic interections with humic substances on the environmental impact of organic pollutants; Adsorption mechanisms and abiotic catalytic transformations of some agrochemicals by clay minerals; Interactions between manganese oxides and multiple ringed aromatic compounds; Mobility and persistence of metolachlor and terbuthylazine in field lysimeters; Soil-pesticide interactions and their impact on the volatilization process; Factors affecting the movements, reactions, and biotransformations ox xenobiotics; Effect of soil minerals on the microbial formation of enzymes and their possible use in remediation of chemically polluted sites; Position paper of part II; Effect of microorganisms on mobility of heavy metals in soils; Interactions of copper with soil humic substances; Adsorption of phosphate on variable charge minerals: competitive effect of organic ligands; Cadmium adsorption on the hydroxyaluminum-montmorillonite complex as influencend by oxalate; Influence of citrate on selenite sorption-desorption on short-range ordered aluminum hydroxides; Role of amorphous fe oxides in controlling retention of heavy metal elements in soils; Effect of natural organic matter and pH on the bioavailability of metal ions in soils; Seasonal changes of organic matter, pH, nitrogen and some metals in forest topsoils in Austria: a case study of two soils with and whithout a litter layer; Substituion of rock phosphate and legumes for commercial fertilizers; Effect of single and combined inoculation with azotobacter and VA mycorrhizal fungi on growth and mineral nutrient contents of maize and wheat plants; Position paper of part I; Interactions of clays with microorganisms and bacterial survival in soil: a physicochemical perspective; Enumeration, survival, and beneficial activities of microorganisms introduced into soil; Effects of clay minerals, oxyhydroxides, and humic matter on microbial communities of soil, sediment, and water; Activity, stability, and kinetc properties of enzymes immobilized on clay minerals and organomineral complexes; Influence of site conditions and heavy metals on enzyme activities of forest topsoils; Aluminum toxicity: a major stress for microbes in the environment; Biological response to contamination with pentachlorophenol and mercuric chloride in a high organic matter soil; Ecology of 2,4-D degradation in three palouse silt loam soils.
| Author | : Himaya Mula Michel |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Bacteria |
| ISBN | : |
Download Bacterial Community Dynamics During Lignocellulose Decomposition as Affected by Soil and Residue Types Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This study was conducted to determine dynamics of bacterial communities during decomposition and to find out whether the occurrence of bacterial communities was affected by soil and residue types. It was hypothesized that there would be a shift in bacterial community structure during decomposition. Also, distinct microbial communities in different two soils associated with two residues would result in colonization by different microbial taxa. The first hypothesis was based on expected changes in the composition of decomposing residues. The second hypothesis was based on the fact that soil microbial diversity is soil-specific and immense with numerous different functionally redundant but phylogeneticaly different microbial types. Residues with different chemical properties were also expected to affect bacterial community composition, however, its impact would be lesser compared to soil. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial experiment was conducted consisting of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and rice (Oryza sativa) straw; 2 soil types (Sharkey and Marietta series); and 4 incubation periods (3, 23, 48 and 110 days). Clone libraries of the bacterial communities were constructed from the detritusphere (residues and adhering soil). Non-metric multidimensional scaling of the detritusphere communities showed distinct separation of the communities at day 3 which coincided with high levels of cellulase enzyme activity and reduction of soluble carbon. Availability of labile carbon appeared to be important in driving bacterial community succession at early stage of colonization. During the later stages of decomposition (day 23-110), bacterial communities were segregated into two groups according to soil type. Although important, this segregation was relatively small compared to the communitylevel similarities observed between the soils and residues. For example, 16 of the 22 most abundant OTU's, dominated by [alpha]-, [beta]- and [gamma]- Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Shingobacteria, were shared among all soil and residue treatments indicating that residue decomposition is carried out by few key-player taxa. These results run counter to our hypothesis and suggest that decomposition process may be mediated by certain domineering bacterial taxa which occur at the later stage of decomposition. Further research is needed to determine whether key functional ecosystem processes are dominated by only a few taxa despite taxonomically hyper-diverse soils.
| Author | : Eldor A. Paul |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 1996-11-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9780849328022 |
Download Soil Organic Matter in Temperate AgroecosystemsLong Term Experiments in North America Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The presence - or absence - of soil organic matter (SOM) has important implications for agricultural productivity. It could also have significant implications for global climate due to its role as a source/sink of carbon. Therefore, it is important to understand the issues related to the accumulation or loss of SOM, to use what we have learned from experiments to make sound decisions about soil and crop management, and to test models and future concepts concerning SOM management. A database is included with the book, presenting tabular data for 34 sites in North America. Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agroecosystems discusses all of these issues and more, answering such questions as:
| Author | : Lynne Boddy |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 387 |
| Release | : 2007-12-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080551505 |
Download Ecology of Saprotrophic Basidiomycetes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The breadth and depth of understanding of many areas concerning basidiomycetes has increased dramatically since the premier publication of Frankland et al., Decomposer Basidiomycetes: their Biology and Ecology. New vistas have opened up with the advent of powerful computing, modeling and molecular approaches helping to greatly increase the general understanding of the ecology of basidiomycetes. This is tantamount to understanding the role of fungi in natural ecosystems because they are major agents of decomposition and nutrient cycling. These remarkable advances have been incorporated into this volume that discusses all aspects of saprotrophic basidiomycete ecology.
| Author | : Björn Berg |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 2013-11-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642388213 |
Download Plant Litter Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Since the publication of the 2nd edition, there have been substantial developments in the field of litter decomposition. This fully revised and updated 3rd edition of Plant Litter reflects and discusses new findings and re-evaluates earlier ones in light of recent research and with regard to current areas of investigation. The availability of several long-term studies allows a more in-depth approach to decomposition patterns and to the later stages of decomposition, as well as to humus formation and accumulation. The latest information focuses on three fields: - the effects of manganese on decomposition and possibly on carbon sequestration, - new findings on decomposition dynamics, and - the new analytical technique using 13C-NMR.
| Author | : Hiroshan Hettiarachchi |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 236 |
| Release | : 2020-11-23 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030362833 |
Download Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Organic waste composting is another excellent example to demonstrate the power and the benefits of nexus thinking. Even though organic waste composting itself is not a new topic, those who want to start a new project or align an ongoing project with nexus thinking, find it difficult to gather the necessary information. With nine case studies from four continents, this book aims to fill above gap in literature. While current literature on composting is often found to be limited to either soil/agriculture sector or waste management sector, this book presents a combined point of view. This open access book starts with an introductory chapter that describes the need to bring the waste management aspects and soil nutrient management aspects of compost production into one integrated theme. The relevance of nexus thinking and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are also presented in this introduction. The first three chapters after the introduction covers composting from the solid waste management and its policy aspects, taking examples from three developing countries. The next three examples are mostly about the benefits composting can provide to the soil and agriculture. These examples are also from three developing countries, but with a mixture of urban as well as rural settings. Last three chapters present more insight into the latest developments taking examples from Europe, as well as new methods adapted from the traditional styles from Africa.
