Imaging Biomarkers For Prediction Of Treatment Response In Schizophrenia PDF Download
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| Author | : Jennifer A. Hadley |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 127 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Antipsychotic drugs |
| ISBN | : |
Download Imaging Biomarkers for Prediction of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the population and is one of the top five causes of disability worldwide. Patient response to any particular drug is variable and currently unpredictable. Our overall goal is to identify imaging biomarkers that will distinguish patients with schizophrenia who will respond to an antipsychotic drug from those who will not. When considering potential biomarkers, it is important to note that schizophrenia is known to involve altered neuronal connections, thought to reflect pathologically relevant changes associated with the disease. We propose to utilize functional connectivity as a biomarker for treatment response to antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Our previous imaging studies have made significant progress by identifying several brain regions that show changes in blood flow in response to antipsychotic drugs. The proposed research will build upon this work, by examining differences in connectivity between these regions, using a region-based analysis, and globally, using a network-based analysis, at three time points in antipsychotic drug treatment: (1) in the medication-free, pre-treatment baseline state, (2) after one week of treatment, and (3) after six weeks of treatment.
| Author | : Nathan Lyle Hutcheson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 159 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Neuroimaging Biomarkers for the Prediction of Treatment Response in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Schizophrenia is a severe debilitating mental illness that affects approximately 1% of people worldwide. Compared to healthy controls (HC), patients with schizophrenia (SZ) have memory deficits, specifically prominent disruptions in their episodic memory. These memory disruptions are thought to be caused by altered structure and function of areas within the memory network, specifically the prefrontal and temporal lobe including the hippocampus. Recently, identifying biomarkers of treatment response by using neuroimaging has become a prominent area of interest in schizophrenia. Biomarkers in schizophrenia could help by allowing for more efficient treatment using current method and also the development of novel treatments. The primary objective of this dissertation research was to use non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), to examine structural and functional features of schizophrenia as it relates to the memory network and treatment response. In the first study, we conducted a multimodal fMRI blood oxygen leveldependent (BOLD) and MRS study in healthy controls and chronic patients with schizophrenia stable on medication and found that patients showed decreased BOLD signal during encoding and retrieval within prominent regions of the memory network during an episodic memory task. Also, we found a significant correlation between the metabolites N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and glutamate+ glutamine (Glx/Cr) in our healthy control group but not in schizophrenia. In the second study, we used an automated algorithm, FreeSurfer, to measure the volume of the basal ganglia in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. We found that treatment response was significantly correlated with all regions of the basal ganglia measured (caudate, putamen, and pallidum) and that the caudate volume explains a significant amount of the variance in treatment response even when controlling for baseline symptom severity and duration of illness. In the third study, we measured effective connectivity within regions of the memory network in patients with schizophrenia off-medication and again after 1-week of treatment with an APD. We found that while off medication SZ showed decreased connectivity within the memory network and that after 1-week of medication that the connectivity within the memory network increased.
| Author | : Marek Kubicki |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 432 |
| Release | : 2020-02-18 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3030352064 |
Download Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This comprehensive book explains the importance of imaging techniques in exploring and understanding the role of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. The findings obtained using individual imaging modalities and their biological interpretation are reviewed in detail, and updates are provided on methodology, testable hypotheses, limitations, and new directions for research. The coverage also includes important recent applications of neuroimaging to schizophrenia, for example in relation to non-pharmacological interventions, brain development, genetics, and prediction of treatment response and outcome. Written by world renowned experts in the field, the book will be invaluable to all who wish to learn about the newest and most important developments in neuroimaging research in schizophrenia, how these developments relate to the last 30 years of research, and how they can be leveraged to bring us closer to a cure for this devastating disorder. Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia will assist clinicians in navigating what is an extremely complex field and will be a source of insight and stimulation for researchers.
| Author | : Judith Pratt |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 437 |
| Release | : 2019-01-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3319996428 |
Download Biomarkers in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This volume addresses one of the Holy Grails in Psychiatry, namely the evidence for and potential to adopt ‘Biomarkers’ for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment responses in mental health conditions. It meshes together state of the art research from international renowned pre-clinical and clinical scientists to illustrate how the fields of anxiety disorders, depression, psychotic disorders, and autism spectrum disorder have advanced in recent years.
| Author | : Flávio Kapczinski |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 272 |
| Release | : 2019-03-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0191090883 |
Download Neuroprogression in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Recent studies regarding the neuropathology of specific neurological disorders suggest that both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes may play a role. However, in contrast to the neurodegeneration seen in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, the term "neuroprogression" has been used to describe the neurodevelopmental aspect of pathological brain re-wiring that takes place in the context of severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Within psychiatry, patients with severe psychopathology, such as those depressed patients who eventually commit suicide, have been shown to present with increased inflammatory markers in the brain. A similar increase in inflammatory markers is also found in patients with bipolar disorders and schizophrenia. Thus, oxidative stress, inflammation, and changes in growth factors are thought to be the pathways of neuroprogression. Neuroprogression in Psychiatry provides a comprehensive summary of the current developments in the emerging field of neuroprogression. With contributions by leading researchers in the field, this book examines the role of neuroprogression across a wide range of specific psychiatric disorders, with chapters included on major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.
| Author | : Bernhard Baune |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 604 |
| Release | : 2019-10-16 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0128131772 |
Download Personalized Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Personalized Psychiatry presents the first book to explore this novel field of biological psychiatry that covers both basic science research and its translational applications. The book conceptualizes personalized psychiatry and provides state-of-the-art knowledge on biological and neuroscience methodologies, all while integrating clinical phenomenology relevant to personalized psychiatry and discussing important principles and potential models. It is essential reading for advanced students and neuroscience and psychiatry researchers who are investigating the prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Combines neurobiology with basic science methodologies in genomics, epigenomics and transcriptomics Demonstrates how the statistical modeling of interacting biological and clinical information could transform the future of psychiatry Addresses fundamental questions and requirements for personalized psychiatry from a basic research and translational perspective
| Author | : Cynthia H. Y. Fu |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2003-09-26 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781841842295 |
Download Neuroimaging in Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
New neuroimaging techniques are developing at a break neck pace-every academic journal contains glossy pictures of brain activity corresponding to a particular task emblazoned in glorious technicolor. Discoveries about brain function in psychiatric disorders have been made at an equally rapid rate. However, most books on the subject have been written from a technical point of view. An introductory, easy-to-read guide, Neuroimaging in Psychiatry provides an overview and the clinical relevance of the latest neuroimaging findings. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book reviews current findings from neuroimaging in schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, psychopathy, aging, and drug addiction. Chapter authors explore innovative and imaginative uses of neuro imaging technology, implications for our understanding of these disorders, and their impact on clinical practice. The book gives you a general overview of the main techniques to help you successfully complete a neuroimaging project.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 74 |
| Release | : 2011-08-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309212219 |
Download Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
| Author | : Leanne M. Williams, Ph.D. |
| Publisher | : American Psychiatric Pub |
| Total Pages | : 302 |
| Release | : 2021-10-15 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1615371583 |
Download Precision Psychiatry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Precision psychiatry, as outlined in this groundbreaking book, presents a new path forward. By integrating findings from basic and clinical neuroscience, clinical practice, and population-level data, the field seeks to develop therapeutic approaches tailored for specific individuals with a specific constellation of health issues, characteristics, strengths, and symptoms.
| Author | : Risto Näätänen |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 288 |
| Release | : 2019-03-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0191015148 |
Download Mismatch Negativity Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is the electrophysiological change-detection response of the brain. MMN is stimulated when there is any discernible change to a repetitive sequence of sound, occurring even in the absence of attention. MMN is an automatic response and causes an involuntary attentional shift, representing a function which is of vital significance. A parallel response can also be detected in the other sensory modalities- visual, somatosensory, and olfactory. MMN occurs in different species, and across the different developmental stages, from infancy to old age. Importantly, the MMN response is affected in different cognitive brain disorders, providing an index to the severity of the disorder and consequently, a guide to the effectiveness of different treatments. MMN has become extremely popular around the world for investigating a wide range of clinical populations. It is a versatile tool for studying perception, memory, and learning functions in both the healthy and dysfunctional brain. Furthermore, being elicited irrespective of attention, it is ideal for investigating inattentive participants, such as sleeping infants or patients in a coma, whose cognitive processes are otherwise hard to access. Written by pioneers and leading authorities in the subject, this book provides an introduction to MMN and its contribution within different clinical fields: developmental disorders, neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders, and aging.
