Icrp Publication 64 PDF Download
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| Author | : ICRP, |
| Publisher | : SAGE Publications Limited |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 2014-03-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780080422053 |
Download ICRP Publication 64 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The ICRP, in its 1990 Recommendations, divided situations affecting radiation exposure of individuals into two broad categories: practices and intervention. The basic principles of radiation protection are applied to these categories in different ways. In the case of practices, the principles are applied to the addition of radiation risk caused by the introduction or modification of practices, whilst for intervention they are applied to the subtraction or reduction of pre-existing radiation exposure. Radiation exposure which might result from the introduction of a practice is also divided into two broad categories: normal exposure and potential exposure. Normal exposure is that exposure which can reasonably be expected to occur, i.e., the exposure is predicted to occur with a probability of one or near one, independent of the time when the exposure occurs. Potential exposure is exposure that, while not certain to occur, can be anticipated as a result of introducing or modifying a practice and to which a probability of occurrence can be assigned. The purpose of this report is to elaborate upon the principles and objectives of ICRP recommendations as they relate to potential exposure; explain basic concepts, terminology and methodologies associated with application of the recommendations; and to provide general guidance on its practical application. The report is intended to provide a basis for the preparation of more detailed guidance related to specific practices.
| Author | : ICRP, |
| Publisher | : SAGE Publications Limited |
| Total Pages | : 62 |
| Release | : 1997-12-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780080427447 |
Download ICRP Publication 76 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
ICRP Publication 76 develops the principles outlined in ICRP Publication 60 and elaborates on the concepts in ICRP Publication 64 concerning protection from potential exposure. It deals with such potential exposure primarily affecting individuals who are also subject to exposures in normal practices, either occupationally, as members of the public, or as patients. Thus, in simple terms, it deals with ‘common smaller accidents’. Such cases are conceptually less complicated than potential exposure affecting large numbers of people, such as nuclear disasters, or potential exposure that could occur far into the future, for instance from deep repositories for waste disposal. However, the problems discussed in the report need to be dealt with more frequently in practical situations and not least in optimisation. The report contains much ‘hands-on’ practical example material, and should be useful in all workplaces, where it can help bridge any gap between safety and protection.
| Author | : N. Chapman |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 293 |
| Release | : 2003-10-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080539521 |
Download Principles and Standards for the Disposal of Long-lived Radioactive Wastes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This handbook is concerned with developing principles and standards for the safe disposal of solid radioactive wastes by burial deep in the Earth's crust. Radioactive wastes have focussed thinking on long-term environmental protection issues in an unprecedented way. Consequently, the way in which principles and standards are set, and the thinking behind this, is of wider interest than to the nuclear field alone. The issues are not just technical and scientific. There is also a much wider philosophical context to the debate, centering on ethics, human values and the expectations of society. In this handbook it is intended that all theses issues are brought together, suggesting appropriate ways forward in each area, culminating in a proposed structure for safety regulations. It also aims to provide a detailed discussion of some of the most difficult logical an ethical issues facing those wishing to dispose of long-lived radioactive wastes.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 363 |
| Release | : 2009-08-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 008091425X |
Download Airborne Radioactive Contamination in Inhabited Areas Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
For many decades, investigations of the behaviour and implications of radioactive contamination in the environment have focused on agricultural areas and food production. This was due to the erroneous assumption that the consequences of credible contaminating incidents would be restricted to rural areas. However, due to the Chernobyl accident, more than 250,000 persons were removed from their homes, demonstrating a great need for knowledge and instruments that could be applied to minimise the manifold adverse consequences of contamination in inhabited areas. Also, today the world is facing a number of new threats, including radiological terrorism, which would be likely to take place in a city, where most people would become directly affected. A recent report from the US Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism concludes that it is most likely that a large radiological, or even nuclear, terror attack on a major city somewhere in the world will occur before 2013. For the first time ever, the specific problems of airborne radioactive contamination in inhabited areas are treated in a holistically covering treatise, pinpointing factorial interdependencies and describing instruments for mitigation. The state-of-the-art knowledge is here explained in Airborne Radioactive Contamination in Inhabited Areas y leading scientists in the various disciplines of relevance. Unique holistic description of airborne radioactive contamination of inhabited areas and its consequences State-of-the-art information on problems associated with both accidental and malicious contamination events, in particularly 'dirty bombs' Detailed description of processes and parameters governing the severity of contaminating incidents Written by key experts in the world
| Author | : Committee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 160 |
| Release | : 1999-06-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309581109 |
Download Potential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In 1996, NATO issued guidance for the exposure of military personnel to radiation doses different from occupational dose levels, but not high enough to cause acute health effects-and in doing so set policy in a new arena. Scientific and technological developments now permit small groups or individuals to use, or threaten to use, destructive devices (nuclear, biological, chemical, and cyber-based weaponry, among others) targeted anywhere in the world. Political developments, such as the loss of political balance once afforded by competing superpowers, have increased the focus on regional and subregional disputes. What doctrine should guide decisionmaking regarding the potential exposure of troops to radiation in this changed theater of military operations? In 1995, the Office of the U.S. Army Surgeon General asked the Medical Follow-up Agency of the Institute of Medicine to provide advice. This report is the final product of the Committee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria convened for that purpose. In its 1997 interim report, Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations, the committee addressed the technical aspects of the NATO directive. In this final report, the committee reiterates that discussion and places it in an ethical context.
| Author | : Michael G. Stabin |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 172 |
| Release | : 2016-10-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1315355485 |
Download The Practice of Internal Dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Written by one of the world's leading experts in the field of nuclear medicine dosimetry, this text describes in detail the use of internal dose calculations in the practice of nuclear medicine. While radiation therapy with external sources of radiation always employs calculations of dose to optimize therapy for each patient, this is not routinely conducted in nuclear medicine therapy. As the trend towards an increasing role of dosimetry in therapy planning increases, this book reviews the available methods and technologies available to make this a more common practice. The book begins by covering the mathematical fundamentals of internal dose calculations, and uses sample calculations to demonstrate key principles. The book then moves forward to describe anthropomorphic models, dosimetric models, and types and uses of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. The depth of coverage makes it useful reference and guide for researchers performing dose calculations and for physicians considering incorporating dose calculations into the treatment of their cancer patients.
| Author | : Agustin Alonso |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 1024 |
| Release | : 2012-01-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0857093770 |
Download Infrastructure and Methodologies for the Justification of Nuclear Power Programmes Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The potential development of any nuclear power programme should include a rigorous justification process reviewing the substantial regulatory, economic and technical information necessary for implementation, given the long term commitments involved in any new nuclear power project. Infrastructure and methodologies for the justification of nuclear power programmes reviews the fundamental issues and approaches to nuclear power justification in countries considering nuclear new build or redevelopment.Part one covers the infrastructure requirements for any new nuclear power programme, with chapters detailing the role and responsibilities of government, regulatory bodies and nuclear operator and the need for human resources and technical capability at the national level. Part two focuses on issues relevant to the justification process, including nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency planning. Current designs and advanced reactors and radioactive waste management are also considered, along with the economic, social and environmental impacts of nuclear power development. Part three reviews the development of nuclear power programme, from nuclear power plant site selection and licensing, through construction and operation, and on to decommissioning. Finally, a series of valuable appendices detail the UK experience of justification, nuclear safety culture and training, and the multinational design evaluation programme (MDEP).With its distinguished editor and expert team of contributors, Infrastructure and methodologies for the justification of nuclear power programmes is an essential reference for international and national stakeholders in this field, particularly governmental, non-governmental and regulatory bodies, nuclear power operators and consultants. Offers a comprehensive analysis of the infrastructure and methodologies required to justify the creation of nuclear power programmes in any country Provides coverage of the main issues and potential benefit linked to nuclear power Reviews the implementation of a nuclear power programme with particular reference to the requirements and methods involved in construction
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 78 |
| Release | : 1997-10-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309058953 |
Download An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Colin Bayliss |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 351 |
| Release | : 2003-10-10 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080537782 |
Download Nuclear Decommissioning, Waste Management, and Environmental Site Remediation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Decommissioning nuclear facilities is a relatively new field, which has developed rapidly in the last ten years. It involves materials that may be highly radioactive and therefore require sophisticated methods of containment and remote handling. The wastes arising from decommissioning are hazardous and have to be stored or disposed of safely in order to protect the environment and future generations. Nuclear decommissioning work must be carried out to the highest possible standards to protect workers, the general public and the environment. This book describes the techniques used for dismantling redundant nuclear facilities, the safe storage of radioactive wastes and the restoration of nuclear licensed sites. * Describes the techniques used for dismantling nuclear facilities, safe storage of radioactive wastes, and the restoration of nuclear licensed facilities. * Provides the reader with decommissioning experience accumulated over 15 years by UKAEA. * Contains valuable information to personnel new to decommissioning and waste management.
| Author | : Malgorzata Sneve |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2008-07-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1402086342 |
Download Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A NATO workshop was held in September 2007 under the Security through Science framework to consider the current challenges in regulation of the nuclear legacy. The overall objective was to share East-West competence and experience in radiation protection and nuclear safety supervision of installations built during the cold war, particularly in relation to regulatory strategies for safe decommissioning of unique or unusual nuclear facilities and remediation activities. There were over 60 participants from 8 countries as well as representatives from the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the International Atomic Energy Agency and NATO. The organisations involved included regulatory authorities, operators and technical support organizations. The new Russian Federation Unified State Programme for Handling Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste was introduced and the steps necessary to set this up as a comprehensive programme of activities were described. Some waste management sites are in a poor state. Legacy management experience was provided from the UK, France and the USA. Information was provided on methods for site characterisation and separation of wastes into exempt, low-level and intermediate level waste, and the complication of dealing at the same time with chemical hazards, such as beryllium. Strategies for contaminated site management were also explained and the associated risk assessment methods outlined. The Russian Federation has responsibility to manage its own nuclear legacy. But it is also one of several countries in the global network of nuclear activities. Harmonisation of approaches is valuable in building future cooperation, but local conditions may influence the best local solution. Accordingly, future exchanges, such as those provided for by this workshop, should be encouraged. There are many complex issues to be addressed and they cannot all be solved at once. Clear recognition of the major threats, as well as weakness in regulatory processes, can be useful in directing future resources. However, at this stage it is clear that there are specific regulatory issues to address as well as a need to maintain development of an enhanced overall safety culture. Such guidance needs to be thoroughly based on the best use of scientific and technical information. At the same time, part of the solution relates to policy issues and value judgements, and so broader interaction among regulators, operators and other stakeholders is to be encouraged.
