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Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate

Land Surface Hydrology, Meteorology, and Climate
Author: Venkataraman Lakshmi
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2001-01-09
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Science and Application Series, Volume 3. Land surface hydrology integrates various physical, chemical and biological processes that occur above, on, and below the surface of the Earth. As a result, it is critical to accurately account for land surface processes within predictive models of hydrology, meteorology, and climate. One of our main difficulties, however, concerns the broad range of spatial and temporal scales that characterize land surface hydrological processes. For example, we determine infiltration by pore scale physics, while soil hydraulic conductivity remains a field scale property. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration occur at the leaf scale. Runoff is a catchment scale process, and the variability of groundwater storage is a regional scale issue. Turbulence in land-atmosphere exchanges of heat, moisture, and momentum occur on the order of seconds to minutes, while variations in land surface and air temperatures occur much more gradually: on the order of hours. The persistence of floods and droughts is seasonal to annual, and so is the effect of El Nino on regional hydrology. Long-term climate effects occur much more slowly, on the order of years to decades.


Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project

Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 103
Release: 1998-07-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309060818

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Efforts to understand climate variability and predict future climate change have highlighted many aspects of the hydrologic cycle and the exchange of energy and water at the atmosphere-surface interface as areas of critically needed study. The very nature of weather and climate demands that an international perspective and a comprehensive research approach be applied to understand these important issues. In response to this need, the international partners of the World Climate Research Program developed GEWEX (Global Energy and Water Experiment) as a major focus of international study. As the first of five continental-scale experiments, the GEWEX Continental Scale International Project (GCIP) was established to quantitatively assess the hydrologic cycle and energy fluxes of the Mississippi River basin. GCIP focuses on understanding the annual, interannual, and spatial variability of hydrology and climate within the Mississippi River basin; the development and evaluation of regional coupled hydrologic/atmospheric models; the development of data assimilation schemes; and the development of accessible, comprehensive databases. Improved water resource management on seasonal to interannual time scales is also a key GCIP goal. This book reviews the GCIP program, describes progress to date, and explores promising opportunities for future progress.


Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models

Land Surface Processes in Atmospheric General Circulation Models
Author: P. S. Eagleson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 574
Release: 2011-02-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780521107174

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This 1982 book consists of papers presented at the World Climate Research Programme study conference on land surface processes held in Greenbelt, Maryland from 5 to 10 January 1981. The papers cover the following: the state of knowledge of the sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models on hydrology and other land surface processes: assessment of the state of knowledge of numerical modelling of hydrology and other land surface processes at the scale of atmospheric general circulation models; recommendations for research activities; establishment of data requirements for initialization, validation, and parameter evaluation. This book will continue to be of interest to atmospheric scientists, soil physicists, hydrologists and climatologists.


Radiation and Water in the Climate System

Radiation and Water in the Climate System
Author: Ehrhard Raschke
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 611
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662032899

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The study of the earth's climate requires reliable global data sets to validate numerical simulation models and to identify regional and global fluctuations and trends. This book presents ways to obtain such data from space-borne and ground-based measurements, both passive and active, over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the basics of such methods together with the most recent advancements and spans the field from clouds and the planetary radiation budget to surface processes and ocean properties. Each subject is backed by extensive reference lists to enable readers to probe more deeply.


Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling

Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling
Author: E.F. Wood
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 334
Release: 1990-12-31
Genre: Science
ISBN:

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Observations and observational needs. Insight from large-scale observational studies of land/atmosphere interactions. Some aspects of the HAPEX-MOBILHY programme: the data base and the modelling strategy. Passive microwave remote sensing contribution to hydrological variables. Modeling and observing land-surface-atmosphere interactions on large scales. Land surface hydrology in a general circulation model-global and regional fields needed for validation. Simulation of daily precipitation in the Pacific Northwest using a weather classification scheme. A refinement of the combination equations for evaporation. A statistical-dynamical approach to parameterize subgrid-scale land-surface heterogeneity in climate models. Evapotranspiration and runoff from large land surface hydrology for atmospheric general circulation models. Climate and the equilibrium state of land surface hydrology parameterizations. Partial analysis applied to scale problems in surface moisture fluxes. Distributed parameterization fo complex terrain. Modeling basin-scale hydrology in support of physical climate and global biogeochemical studies: an example using the Zambezi river.