Hybrid Inter Stage Design Of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis To Improve Efficiency Of Hydraulic Energy PDF Download

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Hybrid Inter-stage Design of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis to Improve Efficiency of Hydraulic Energy

Hybrid Inter-stage Design of Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis to Improve Efficiency of Hydraulic Energy
Author: Masoud Aghajani
Publisher:
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2015
Genre: Saline water conversion
ISBN:
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Water scarcity and shortage are becoming serious issues for many countries worldwide. These problems inspire new methods of water management and one of common approaches in resource management is increasing production and availability to prevent crisis. Water is not an exception and many sources are considered for this purpose. Water with high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS) gradually gained attention of researchers, decision makers and investors. It is mainly thanks to the non-ending seawater source and also saline brackish and surface waters. Reverse Osmosis is the leading technology to desalinate the water and numerous advances have been carried out to more optimize this process. A lot of attention has paid to seawater reverse osmosis and modification and optimization of brackish water reverse osmosis has not been carried out comprehensively. Hybrid membrane inter-stage design (HID) was one of the most recent advancement in seawater reverse osmosis but no report or experimental study has been done on using this novel design for brackish water reverse osmosis. In this study HID design was compared with regular design of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) through experimental work and data collection from a pilot scale reverse osmosis system. Collected data was analyzed through statistical procedures and multiple regression was also carried out on the data to develop predictive models of the system energy consumption. Those models were also used to compare these two different designs of BWRO for recovery rates. Results show that HID design significantly reduces the specific energy consumption of the BWRO system and also at constant energy consumption of the high pressure pump HID designed system can produce more permeate and gives higher recovery rate.

Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth

Membrane Technology Enhancement for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Industrial Growth
Author: Zhien Zhang
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2020-12-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3030412954
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This book presents a detailed discussion of the fundamentals and practical applications of membrane technology enhancement in a range of industrial processes, energy recovery, and resource recycling. To date, most books on the applications of membrane technology have mainly focused on gas pollution removal or industrial wastewater treatment. In contrast, the enhancement of various membrane processes in the areas of energy and the environment has remained largely overlooked. This book highlights recent works and industrial products using membrane technology, while also discussing experiments and modeling studies on the membrane enhancement process.

Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination

Renewable Energy Technologies for Water Desalination
Author: Hacene Mahmoudi
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2017-07-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1317287444
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The book presents a thorough overview of the latest trends and challenges in renewable energy technologies applications for water desalination, with an emphasis on environmental concerns and sustainable development. Emphasis is on the various uses of renewable energy, as well as economics & scale-up, government subsidies & regulations, and environmental concerns. It provides an indication on how renewable energy technologies are rapidly emerging with the promise of economic and environmental viability for desalination. Further it gives a clear indication on how exactly to accelerate the expansion and commercialization of novel water production systems powered by renewable energies and in what manner environmental concerns may be minimized. This book is all-inclusive and wide-ranging and directed at decision makers in government, industry and the academic world as well as students.

Science and Technology of Separation Membranes

Science and Technology of Separation Membranes
Author: Tadashi Uragami
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 1360
Release: 2017-03-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1118932560
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Offers a comprehensive overview of membrane science and technology from a single source Written by a renowned author with more than 40 years’ experience in membrane science and technology, and polymer science Covers all major current applications of membrane technology in two definitive volumes Includes academic analyses, applications and practical problems for each existing membrane technology Includes novel applications such as membrane reactors, hybrid systems and optical resolution as well as membrane fuel cells

Reverse Osmosis Systems

Reverse Osmosis Systems
Author: Syed Javaid Zaidi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 489
Release: 2021-12-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128241721
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Reverse Osmosis Systems: Design, Optimization and Troubleshooting Guide describes in depth knowledge of designing and operating reverse osmosis (RO) systems for water desalination, and covers issues which will effect the probability for the long-standing success of the application. It also provides guidelines that will increase the performance of seawater RO desalination systems by avoiding errors in the design and operation and suggest corrective measures and troubleshooting of the problems encountered during RO operation. This book also provides guidelines for the best RO design and operational performance. In the introductory section, the book covers the history of RO along with the fundamentals, principles, transport models, and equations. Following sections cover the practical areas such as pretreatment processes, design parameters, design software programs (WAVE, IMSDesign, TORAYDS2, Lewaplus, ROAM Ver. 2.0, Winflows etc.), RO performance monitoring, normalization software programs (RODataXL and TorayTrak), troubleshooting as well as system engineering. Simplified methods to use the design software programs are also properly illustrated and the screenshots of the results, methods etc. are also given here along with a video tutorial.The final section of the book includes the frequently asked questions along with their answers. Moreover, various case studies carried out and recent developments related to RO system performance, membrane fouling, scaling, and degradation studies have been analyzed. The book also has several work out examples, which are detailed in a careful as well as simple manner that help the reader to understand and follow it properly. The information presented in some of the case studies are obtained from existing commercial RO desalination plants. These topics enable the book to become a perfect tool for engineers and plant operators/technicians, who are responsible for RO system design, operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting. With the right system design, proper operation, and maintenance program, the RO system can offer high purity water for several years. Provides guidelines for the optimum design and operational performance of reverse osmosis desalination plants Presents step-by-step procedure to design reverse osmosis system with the latest design software programs along with a video tutorial Analyzes some of the issues faced during the design and operation of the reverse osmosis desalination systems, suggest corrective measures and its troubleshooting Discusses reverse osmosis desalination pretreatment processes, design parameters, system performance monitoring, and normalization software programs Examines recent developments related to system performance, membrane fouling, and scaling studies Presents case studies related to commercial reverse osmosis desalination plants Perfect training guide for engineers and plant operators, who are responsible for reverse osmosis system design, operation and maintainance

Energy-efficient Desalination of Brackish Groundwater by Nanofiltration/reverse Osmosis Hybrid

Energy-efficient Desalination of Brackish Groundwater by Nanofiltration/reverse Osmosis Hybrid
Author: Atefe Hadi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2015
Genre: Nanofiltration
ISBN:
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Desalination can produce freshwater from seawater and brackish water, alleviating the critical issue of freshwater shortages. There are multiple desalination technologies, but membrane-based technologies are used most frequently because of their low cost, low energy comsumption, compactness, and short installation period. Among the membrane-based desalination technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) is most prevalent because of its ability to treat many types of feed water, ease of maintenance, and production of high-quality water. However, compared to some membrane technologies, RO suffers from high energy comsumption, inadequate water recovery, and membrane fouling. As an alternative to RO systems, nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been developed for desalinating moderately or slightly saline water sources such as brackish groundwater. NF has a lower ion rejection rate than RO, but is more energy efficient because of this and is able to operate at higher flux and lower pressures. Despite these known advantages and disadvantages, it has been difficult to directly compare the performances of RO and NF technologies because RO has a higher ion rejection rate while NF has a higher energy efficiency. This impedes the selection of optimal desalination systems for given conditions. To solve this problem, the present study uses the criteria minimized specific energy consumption and acceptable product water quality to compare the performances of RO, NF, and a hybrid NF/RO system in the treatment of brackish groundwater. Using resources at the Brackish Groundwater National Desalination Research Facility (BGNDRF), optimum operating conditions were obtained for all three systems by varying the parameters of feed flow rate, feed concentration, and system recovery. To prevent membrane fouling, appropriate pretreatment methods were applied in all experiments. Results showed that, based on the calculated specific energy consumption and World Health Organization standards for potable water, NF, hybrid NF/RO, and RO systems were best for desalinating low, moderate, and high salinity feed waters, respectively.

Energy Consumption Optimization of a Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis System

Energy Consumption Optimization of a Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis System
Author: Leili Abkar
Publisher:
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2015
Genre: Brackish waters
ISBN:
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Clean water and energy are two key concerns in today's world, and climate change is making both of these issues even of more significant importance. Desalination, a process that removes salt from saline water to produce fresh water, is a solution for the worsening water scarcity issues. Many different desalination technologies are available and applied around the world, including thermal-based technologies, which include multi-stage flash (MSF) and multiple effect distillation (MED), as well as membrane-based technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and also electrodialysis reversal (EDR). Reverse osmosis is the most commonly used membrane-based technology, capable of eliminating a wide range of contaminants to produce clean water. There are two different types of RO systems, Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) and Seawater Reverse Osmosis (SWRO), which are applied based on the characteristics of the feedwater. In inland regions, groundwater, surface water, and river water are considered brackish water. In the state of New Mexico for instance, brackish water is the available feedwater source, and therefore BWRO is applied to provide fresh water. Due to a water shortage crisis in the Southwest USA, one of the major goals is to optimize the BWRO process to minimize energy consumption and simultaneously increase the water recovery rate. By increasing the recovery rate, a higher percentage of the feedwater is converted into fresh water; therefore, less feedwater is required to produce a given quantity of fresh water, conserving water resources. In this research, energy consumption optimization for BWRO systems has been investigated. The key control factors for minimizing BWRO energy consumption include feed flow rate, pressure, and temperature, as operating conditions, feed concentrations, and membrane type (representing membrane permeability). The effect of each of these control factors on energy consumption is evaluated, and presented. A full factorial design has been done with mixed level for different factors. In this research, pressure has six level in the range of 50-175 psi by the 25 psi step, Flow rate 3-6 LPM with the step of 1 LPM, temperature has two level of 30 and 40 centigrade, and salinity varies from 2,000, 2,500, 3,000 ppm to cover the middle range of brackish water. Each experiment has three replication. Using linear regression method makes it possible to determine relation between input variable (feed flowrate, salinity, pressure and temperature) and response variable (energy, recovery and specific energy consumption). The empirical model developed to predict the energy, recovery and specific energy consumption of the reverse osmosis system in the specified range and finding the sweet spot to run the system to produce the minimum energy cost for 1 cubic meter of water.

Osmosis Engineering

Osmosis Engineering
Author: Nidal Hilal
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 388
Release: 2021-04-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128210168
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Osmosis Engineering provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art surrounding osmosis-based research and industrial applications. The book covers the underpinning theories, technology developments and commercial applications. Sections discuss innovative and advanced membranes and modules for osmosis separation processes (e.g., reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, pressure retarded osmosis, osmotic membrane distillation), different application of these osmosis separation processes for energy and water separation, such as the treatment of radioactive waste, oily wastewater and heavy metal removal, draw solutions, pretreatment technologies, fouling effects, the use of renewable energy driven osmotic processes, computational, environmental and economic studies, and more. Covers state-of-the-art osmotic engineering technologies and applications Presents multidisciplinary topics in engineered osmosis, including both fundamental and applied EO concepts Includes major challenges such as fouling mitigation, membrane development, pre-treatment and energy usage

Two-stage Reverse Osmosis

Two-stage Reverse Osmosis
Author: Quantum Jichi Wei
Publisher:
Total Pages: 59
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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In a two-stage reverse osmosis (RO) system of finite size, there are two degrees of freedom not present in a single-stage RO system: distribution of RO elements between the two stages (system design), and feed pressures (system operation). In this study, we investigate the optimal system design and operation of a two-stage RO system with a mass-balance model and establish a lower bound for the energy savings achieved by the optimized two-stage system compared to a single-stage system. A two-stage RO system may consume more or less energy than a single-stage RO system of the same size and freshwater productivity, depending on the first-stage feed pressure and second-stage feed pressure. To minimize energy consumption, feed pressures should be chosen to minimize spatial variance in flux. The optimal element configuration places at least half the elements in the first stage; the exact configuration depends on feed salinity, recovery ratio, and membrane permeability. The greatest energy savings are achieved with a two-stage RO system that has both optimal element configuration and feed pressures. More energy can be saved by adding a stage when the thermodynamic least work of separation is larger. For a given feed salinity, energy savings from adding a second stage grow as recovery ratio increases. Brackish water feeds must be taken to high recovery ratios to achieve substantial energy savings; comparable savings can be achieved at lower recovery ratios for higher salinity feeds. We find that significant energy can be saved with the simplest two-stage RO design, at a system flux similar to today's RO plants and accounting for the effects of concentration polarization..

Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis

Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis
Author: Stewart Burn
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015-09-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781780405056
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Early applications of desalination were small-scale plants deploying a range of technologies. However with the technological developments in Reverse Osmosis, most new plants use this technology because it has a proven history of use and low energy and capital costs compared with other available desalination technologies. This has led to the recent trend for larger seawater desalination plants in an effort to further reduce costs, and 1000 MLD seawater desalination plants are projected by 2020. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis recognises that desalination by reverse osmosis has progressed significantly over the last decades and provides an up to date review of the state of the art for the reverse osmosis process. It covers issues that arise from desalination operations, environmental issues and ideas for research that will bring further improvements in this technology. Efficient Desalination by Reverse Osmosis provides a complete guide to best practice from pre-treatment through to project delivery. Editors: Stewart Burn, Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Manufacturing. Adjunct Professor, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University. Adjunct Professor, Department of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University. Stephen Gray, Director, Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University.