Human Centered Aviation Automation PDF Download
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| Author | : Charles E. Billings |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 251 |
| Release | : 2018-01-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351464922 |
Download Aviation Automation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The advent of very compact, very powerful digital computers has made it possible to automate a great many processes that formerly required large, complex machinery. Digital computers have made possible revolutionary changes in industry, commerce, and transportation. This book, an expansion and revision of the author's earlier technical papers on this subject, describes the development of automation in aircraft and in the aviation system, its likely evolution in the future, and the effects that these technologies have had -- and will have -- on the human operators and managers of the system. It suggests concepts that may be able to enhance human-machine relationships in future systems. The author focuses on the ability of human operators to work cooperatively with the constellation of machines they command and control, because it is the interactions among these system elements that result in the system's success or failure, whether in aviation or elsewhere. Aviation automation has provided great social and technological benefits, but these benefits have not come without cost. In recent years, new problems in aircraft have emerged due to failures in the human-machine relationship. These incidents and accidents have motivated this inquiry into aviation automation. Similar problems in the air traffic management system are predicted as it becomes more fully automated. In particular, incidents and accidents have occurred which suggest that the principle problems with today's aviation automation are associated with its complexity, coupling, autonomy, and opacity. These problems are not unique to aviation; they exist in other highly dynamic domains as well. The author suggests that a different approach to automation -- called "human-centered automation" -- offers potential benefits for system performance by enabling a more cooperative human-machine relationship in the control and management of aircraft and air traffic.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Human-Centered Aviation Automation: Principles and Guidelines Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Charles E. Billings |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 126 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Aeronautical instruments |
| ISBN | : |
Download Human-centered Aircraft Automation: A Concept and Guidelines Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 222 |
| Release | : 2018-07-25 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781724240781 |
Download Human-Centered Aviation Automation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This document presents principles and guidelines for human-centered automation in aircraft and in the aviation system. Drawing upon operational experience with highly automated aircraft, it describes classes of problems that have occurred in these vehicles, the effects of advanced automation on the human operators of the aviation system, and ways in which these problems may be avoided in the design of future aircraft and air traffic management automation. Many incidents and a few serious accidents suggest that these problems are related to automation complexity, autonomy, coupling, and opacity, or inadequate feedback to operators. An automation philosophy that emphasizes improved communication, coordination and cooperation between the human and machine elements of this complex, distributed system is required to improve the safety and efficiency of aviation operations in the future. Billings, Charles E. Ames Research Center NASA-TM-110381, A-961056, NAS 1.15:110381 NAG2-810...
| Author | : Charles E. Billings |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 199 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Aeronautical instruments |
| ISBN | : |
Download Human-centered Aircraft Automation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This document presents principles and guidelines for human-centered automation in aircraft and in the aviation system. It describes classes of problems that have occurred in these vehicles, the effects of advanced automation on the human operators of the aviation system, and ways in which these problems may be avoided in the design of future aircraft and air traffic management automation.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 346 |
| Release | : 1998-01-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780309064125 |
Download The Future of Air Traffic Control Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace systemâ€"in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.
| Author | : Paul Satchell |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 227 |
| Release | : 2018-12-20 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 042983201X |
Download Innovation and Automation Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
First published in 1998, this book links the forces of innovation and automation positively by shifting the focus on human-machine interactions from the current, technology-centred approach, to one where sharing is evolved and creativity is no longer suppressed. It provides a unique way of understanding innovation in organisations, by using an environmental interaction approach to understand creativity and its translation into innovatory behaviour. The current dampening of creativity in organisations is made meaningful by explaining organisational behaviour in terms of rituals. The author succinctly assembles the current evidence that the prevailing technology-centred approach to automation is in part responsible for the inability of humans to be creative in work situations. Many of the behavioural constraints necessary for this type of automation paralyse the translation of creativity into innovatory behaviour. In producing an antidote to the technology-centred approach, he moves beyond current human-centred thinking, to an approach where humans and machines share by using the same processes that underlie the sharing between humans. This sharing-centred approach to automation is explained and illustrated. Throughout the book the current state of human-machine interactions is illustrated with vignettes from aviation, medicine and from organisations. The book also discusses three pictures of future human-machine interactions of the flightdeck, in primary care medical practice, and in boardrooms of major organisations. The main readership includes all who are interested in innovation and organisational development, especially in the technology based industries and services such as healthcare, transportation, manufacturing and information systems; it provides essential new ideas for senior executives, strategic consultants, specialists in organisational behaviour and human resources, members of regulatory agencies and other government facilities, and academicians and researchers.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 383 |
| Release | : 1997-01-28 |
| Genre | : Transportation |
| ISBN | : 030917502X |
Download Flight to the Future Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses: The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safetyâ€"policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 1993 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Development of a Framework of Human-centered Automation for the Nuclear Industry Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Introduction of automated systems into control rooms for advanced reactor designs is often justified on the basis of increased efficiency and reliability, without a detailed assessment of how the new technologies will influence the role of the operator. Such a ''technology-centered'' approach carries with it the risk that entirely new mechanisms for human error will be introduced, resulting in some unpleasant surprises when the plant goes into operation. The aviation industry has experienced some of these surprises since the introduction of automated systems into the cockpits of advanced technology aircraft. Pilot errors have actually been induced by automated systems, especially when the pilot doesn't fully understand what the automated systems are doing during all modes of operation. In order to structure the research program for investigating these problems, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed a framework for human-centered automation. This framework is described in the NASA document Human-Centered Aircraft Automation Philosophy by Charles Billings. It is the thesis of this paper that a corresponding framework of human-centered automation should be developed for the nuclear industry. Such a framework would serve to guide the design and regulation of automated systems for advanced reactor designs, and would help prevent some of the problems that have arisen in other applications that have followed a ''technology-centered'' approach.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 30 |
| Release | : 1981 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Download Human Factors of Flight-deck Automation: NASA/Industry Workshop Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The scope of automation, the benefits of automation, and automation-induced problems were discussed at a workshop held to determine whether those functions previously performed manually on the flight deck of commercial aircraft should always be automated in view of various human factors. Issues which require research for resolution were identified. The research questions developed are presented.
