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| Author | : Jana Žel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 110 |
| Release | : 2011-10-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1461413907 |
Download How to Reliably Test for GMOs Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is becoming very complex, with new GMOs, approved and unapproved, constantly entering world markets. Traceability and labelling of GMOs is defined in regulations worldwide, demanding accurate and reliable testing to support the requirements of legislation. This Brief provides the current state-of-the-art on all key topics involved in GMO testing and is a source of detailed practical information for laboratories. Special focus is given to qualitative and quantitative real-time PCR analysis relevant to all areas where detection and identification rely on nucleic acid-based methods. The following topics, important for testing laboratories, are also discussed: organization of the laboratory, focusing on aspects of the quality system and methods for testing, validation and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The Brief also discusses the new challenges of GMOs and novel modified organisms, using new technologies, and the possible solutions for GMO detection, including bioinformatics tools. Finally, legislation on GMOs and sources of information on GMOs are provided, which are relevant not only to testing laboratories, but to anyone interested in GMOs. The authors of this Brief have many years of experience in GMO testing, development of real-time PCR methods, implementation of quality system requirements, validations and verification of methods, and measurement uncertainty. The National Institute of Biology is a highly qualified research laboratory and a National Reference Laboratory, which also performs routine analyses of food, feed and seed. The Institute for Health and Consumer Protection of the European Union Joint Research Centre has extensive knowledge and experience of GMO detection. It hosts the European Union Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed in addition to chairing the European Network of GMO Laboratories.
| Author | : Salah E. O. Mahgoub |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 329 |
| Release | : 2019-01-15 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 0429685327 |
Download Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
An increasing number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to be produced every day. In response to the concerns raised by the development of GMOs and their incorporation in foods and feed, guidelines and regulations to govern and control the use of GMOs and their products have been enacted. These regulations necessitated the design of methods to detect and analyse the presence of GMOs or their products in agriculture produce, food and feed production chains. Design of techniques and instruments that would detect, identify, and quantify GM ingredients in food and feed will help inspection authorities to relay reliable information to consumers who might be concerned about the presence of GM ingredients. Information generated by detection of GMOs in food and feed would be helpful for setting regulations that govern the use of GM components as well as for labeling purposes. Qualitative detection methods of GM-DNA sequences in foods and feeds have evolved fast during the past few years. There is continuous need for the development of more advanced multi-detection systems and for periodic updates of the databases related to these systems. Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed presents updates and comprehensive views on the various methods and techniques in use today for the detection, identification and quantification of GMOs in foods and feed. The eleven book chapters cover recent developments on sample preparation techniques, immunoassays methods and the PCR technique used in GMO analysis, the use of biosensors in relation to GMO analysis, the application of nucleic acid microarrays for the detection of GMOs, validation and standardization methods for GMO testing, in addition to the type of reference material and reference methods used in GMO testing and analysis. Some of the ISO standards designed for identifying and detecting the presence of GM material in foods are also presented in the book.
| Author | : Farid E. Ahmed |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 317 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Food |
| ISBN | : 9780367807399 |
Download Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Farid Ahmed |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 348 |
| Release | : 2004-04-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781560222743 |
Download Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Examine several methods of testing for genetically modified organisms and the reasons behind their strict regulation! Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods is the first study of the screening methods and tools utilized for determining the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. Leading experts in science, medicine, and government agencies examine the significant research and clinical developments in bio-engineered agriculture to bring you an accurate risk assessment of GMOs in relation to human consumption, economics, and the environment. This book focuses on three high-profile biotechnological commercial aspects of GMO inclusion in the world market: insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance. It also identifies new GM food crops that are in the laboratory and may soon be on your table. Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods looks at GMOs from the perspectives of both sides of the globe—the European Union and the United States Department of Agriculture—who each have their own set of rules and opinions regarding safety issues and marketing of bioengineered food products. This book looks at the government standards of scientific testing for GMOs, and several chapters specifically analyze current screening methods. This book also explores the impact of GMOs on farming, agricultural economy, pesticide control, and world famine. Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods brings you current information on: the risks and benefits of agricultural biotechnology—to people and the environment the regulations and protocols of testing for GMOs that have been adopted by European and United States agencies scientific techniques that test for GMOs, including certified reference materials (CRMs) and matrix-based, protein-based, and DNA-based methods of testing the limitations of today’s GMO screening methods and the benefits of alternatives that may be used in the future the long-term risks associated with gene flow of GMOs to other plants, specifically focusing on liabilities, regulatory climates, and intellectual property rights Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foods is generously enhanced with figures, tables, and graphs as well as references at the end of every chapter. The commercialization of agricultural biotechnology makes this text essential for scientists, planners, and students of food, agriculture and environmental science. Government officials and activists will find this book invaluable in debating current issues of agricultural biotechnology and food safety.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 44 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279542077 |
Download European Network of GMO Laboratories Working Group "Seed Testing" (WG-ST) Working Group Report Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Testing seed lots for the unintended presence of genetically modified (GM) seeds is carried out in European Union Member States (MS). The aim of the testing of seeds for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is to test whether GMOs are present in non-GM seed lots. Splitting samples of seeds taken from lots into subsamples, testing for the presence of GM seeds in each subsample, and counting the number of positive subsamples is a suitable method for estimating the proportion of GM seeds impurities with a specified probability. The detection of lower proportions of GM seeds in lots requires the analysis of larger seed samples and larger amounts of DNA. This entails more effort and cost to detect lower quantities of GM seed. A decision to form a Working Group (WG) for "seed testing" (WGST) was taken during the 26th ENGL Steering Committee meeting. The WGST was formed to study the relation between the impurity of GM seed that could be detected and the cost of the analyses required to detect the unintended presence of GM seed in conventional seed lots. The WGST was tasked with producing a report on the issue for the approval of the ENGL Steering Committee. The report would then form the basis of ENGL/EURL advice to the Commission on testing seed samples for the unintended presence of GM seeds for the most important crops. The WG elaborated a statistical model to describe the relation between the impurity level of GMO seeds in seed lots that will, with a high probability, be reliably detected by test plans (the limit of detection) and the cost of the test plans needed to achieve this and effort devoted to the plan.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279112287 |
Download Guidance Document on Measurement Uncertainty for GMO Testing Laboratories Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This technical report outlines the technical issues related to the estimation of measurement uncertainty (MU) involved in the GMO sector. In particular it gives guidance to GMO testing laboratories how to estimate the analytical variability of quantitative analytical results obtained by real-time PCR. This guidance document has been written on request of the European Network of GMO Laboratories (ENGL) as a follow-up of a workshop on Measurement Uncertainty in the GMO sector organised by the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Geel, Belgium and held on 05.07.2005. It is recognised that in order to be able to judge if an analytical results exceeds a threshold; the MU must be estimated and reported together with the measurement result. Enforcement Authorities shall therefore estimate the MU associated with an analytical result and use it to decide whether an analytical result falls within the specification of food and feed control. The value obtained by subtracting the expanded uncertainty from the reported concentration is used to assess compliance. Only if this value is greater than the legal threshold, it is sure 'beyond reasonable doubt' that the sample concentration of the analyte is beyond what is permissible. Two selected approaches for the estimation of MU are presented in detail; references to alternative approaches are given. The first approach presented in detail is using data from collaborative trial in combination with in-house quality control data for the estimation of MU. Prerequisites for the use of such collaborative trial data are outlined. In case no suitable collaborative trial data are available, an alternative approach using data from within-laboratory samples for the estimation of MU is presented.
| Author | : S. Trapmann |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279055669 |
Download Guidance document on measurement uncertainty for GMO testing laboratories Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
| Author | : Institute for Health and Consumer Protection |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 23 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789279199257 |
Download Verification of Analytical Methods for GMO Testing when Implementing Interlaboratory Validated Methods Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
In the EU, method validation is an essential part of the process that regulates the introduction of new GMOs as food and/or feed into the market. When the inter-laboratory validation study is completed, the method is ready to be implemented in routine testing laboratories. When implementing the new method, the laboratory has to verify that the method can be used for its intended purpose (method verification). The scope of this document is to provide guidance on how to carry out the method verification. Despite the fact that several guidelines on method verification have been published, no specific guidelines are available for GMO detection. The aim of this guidance document is to harmonise the in-house verification of inter-laboratory validated methods for the qualitative and quantitative detection of GMOs, including element-, construct-, and event-specific methods. Considering that the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is the method of choice in the EU for the identification and quantification of GMOs, this document refers exclusively to real time PCR. However, if novel methods are subsequently developed that fulfill legal requirements, then this document will be amended accordingly.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 607 |
| Release | : 2017-01-28 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309437385 |
Download Genetically Engineered Crops Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 144 |
| Release | : 2015-07-07 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0309374243 |
Download Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
The National Research Council's Roundtable on Public Interfaces of the Life Sciences held a 2-day workshop on January 15-16, 2015, in Washington, DC to explore the public interfaces between scientists and citizens in the context of genetically engineered (GE) organisms. The workshop presentations and discussions dealt with perspectives on scientific engagement in a world where science is interpreted through a variety of lenses, including cultural values and political dispositions, and with strategies based on evidence in social science to improve public conversation about controversial topics in science. The workshop focused on public perceptions and debates about genetically engineered plants and animals, commonly known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), because the development and application of GMOs are heavily debated among some stakeholders, including scientists. For some applications of GMOs, the societal debate is so contentious that it can be difficult for members of the public, including policy-makers, to make decisions. Thus, although the workshop focused on issues related to public interfaces with the life science that apply to many science policy debates, the discussions are particularly relevant for anyone involved with the GMO debate. Public Engagement on Genetically Modified Organisms: When Science and Citizens Connect summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
