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How Should the Army Use Contractors on the Battlefield?

How Should the Army Use Contractors on the Battlefield?
Author: Frank A. Camm
Publisher: Rand Corporation
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780833037367

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Can the Army improve the way it measures the risks of using civilian contractors in combat? This report proposes a method for comparing the "residual risks" of using military and contract sources to perform specific support activities on the battlefield. It applies the Army's standard approach to risk assessment, which identifies sources of risk, or "threat"; the risks the threats present; the opportunities to mitigate these risks; and the risks that remains - the residual risk - when the Army chooses a particular course of action to mitigate risks. The approach considers choices of military and contract sources, with appropriate mitigation strategies, as alternative courses of action and compares the residual risks associated with each choice. The approach offers an orderly way to translate relative inherent capabilities of military and contract sources, terms of applicable statue-of-forces agreements, and threats at any particular place and time on the battlefield into a comparison of the residual risks associated with military outcomes, the safety of contract personnel, resource costs, and other policy factors of greatest importance outside a particular contingency setting.


Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield

Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield
Author: U S Army War College
Publisher:
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2015-12-17
Genre:
ISBN: 9781522786009

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The U. S. Military is becoming increasingly dependent upon civilian commercial contractors to provide logistical support on the battlefield. Despite the current military philosophy on outsourcing, the increasing dependence of our war fighters on this support, the emphasis on partnership with the commercial industry, the Army and Joint Vision statements which stress "Focused Logistics" and "On Time Delivery," and the demands for multinational and host nation logistics support, these concepts and the use of civilians on the Battlefield remain highly volatile issues.. Little definitive policy guidance and training are provided. Commanders' and war fighter's attitudes and training remain entrenched in the" Iron Mountain" paradigm. Contractor loyalty to the "almighty dollar" as opposed to support for/of the front-line soldier remains serious questions which will be difficult to test in a non-warfare environment. Budgetary constraints as well as technological advances will continue to drive policy in this direction and put pressure on the Logistics community to provide the necessary support. However, can we depend on paid contractors to meet the demands and face the stresses that our current military and non-contractor logicians face? Failure in this area is not an option. Our American fighting forces require, deserve, and must have the best support to defeat any prospective enemy on any battlefield. This book will endeavor to address these issues and proposed solutions for ensuring the support necessary to help our soldiers maintain, survive, and win on the modem battlefield.


Contractors and War

Contractors and War
Author: Christopher Kinsey
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Total Pages: 397
Release: 2012-07-25
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0804782938

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The U.S. military is no longer based on a Cold War self-sufficient model. Today's armed forces are a third smaller than they were during the Cold War, and yet are expected to do as much if not more than they did during those years. As a result, a transformation is occurring in the way the U.S. government expects the military to conduct operations—with much of that transformation contingent on the use of contractors to deliver support to the armed forces during military campaigns and afterwards. Contractors and War explains the reasons behind this transformation and evaluates how the private sector will shape and be shaped by future operations. The authors are drawn from a range of policy, legislative, military, legal, and academic backgrounds. They lay out the philosophical arguments supporting the use of contractors in combat and stabilization operations and present a spectrum of arguments that support and criticize emergent private sector roles. The book provides fresh policy guidance to those who will research, direct, and carry out future deployments.


Contractors on the Battlefield: Has the Military Accepted Too Much Risk?

Contractors on the Battlefield: Has the Military Accepted Too Much Risk?
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2001
Genre:
ISBN:

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Contracting for services is not new. Throughout the history of warfare, armies used the services of non-military personnel or civilians to accomplish logistical functions to maintain the force and support combat operations. Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War relied on contracted teamsters for services at Valley Forge. United States forces have continued to rely on contractors to provide support from the Revolutionary War to the Gulf War. In Bosnia, contractors provided fifty-two types of support -- from LifeCycle (TRADENAME) treadmills to helicopter maintenance by Bell and Boeing. Continued budgetary pressure, however, will force the military to further outsource services to industry. The logistics focus is not merely the amassing and storage of material and equipment, but ultimately the timely and balanced arrival of resources to the forces in need. Using responsiveness, flexibility, and economy as criteria to determine the level of risk; this paper answers if the United States Army's theater services contracting path presents unacceptable risk to successful operations. The author argues that the United States military (specifically the Army) due to budgetary pressure, has accepted an unreasonable risk with its policy towards contractors on the battlefield. The recommendations include numerous methods to mitigate risk. These recommendations include changes in leadership, planning, training and doctrine. Training and doctrine for contractors on the battlefield form the framework for the leadership through anticipatory planning to develop "habitual relationships" between contractor and soldier, solidifying the bond ensuring successful mission accomplishment.


Force Multiplying Technologies for Logistics Support to Military Operations

Force Multiplying Technologies for Logistics Support to Military Operations
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2014-12-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0309307368

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The mission of the United States Army is to fight and win our nation's wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders. Accomplishing this mission rests on the ability of the Army to equip and move its forces to the battle and sustain them while they are engaged. Logistics provides the backbone for Army combat operations. Without fuel, ammunition, rations, and other supplies, the Army would grind to a halt. The U.S. military must be prepared to fight anywhere on the globe and, in an era of coalition warfare, to logistically support its allies. While aircraft can move large amounts of supplies, the vast majority must be carried on ocean going vessels and unloaded at ports that may be at a great distance from the battlefield. As the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have shown, the costs of convoying vast quantities of supplies is tallied not only in economic terms but also in terms of lives lost in the movement of the materiel. As the ability of potential enemies to interdict movement to the battlefield and interdict movements in the battlespace increases, the challenge of logistics grows even larger. No matter how the nature of battle develops, logistics will remain a key factor. Force Multiplying Technologies for Logistics Support to Military Operations explores Army logistics in a global, complex environment that includes the increasing use of antiaccess and area-denial tactics and technologies by potential adversaries. This report describes new technologies and systems that would reduce the demand for logistics and meet the demand at the point of need, make maintenance more efficient, improve inter- and intratheater mobility, and improve near-real-time, in-transit visibility. Force Multiplying Technologies also explores options for the Army to operate with the other services and improve its support of Special Operations Forces. This report provides a logistics-centric research and development investment strategy and illustrative examples of how improved logistics could look in the future.


Public War, Private Fight? The United States and Private Military Companies

Public War, Private Fight? The United States and Private Military Companies
Author: Deborah C. Kidwell
Publisher: Lulu.com
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2011-03-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 1257122355

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"The United States has long utilized private military contractors to augment regular military forces in support of its national foreign policy and security needs. Commonly referred to as Private Military Companies (PMCs), contractors employ and manage civilian personnel from the private sector in areas of active military operations. Frequently, regular troops become dependent on the services contractors provide a situation that may negatively impact military effectiveness. Since 1991, contractor support on and off the battlefield has become increasingly more visible, varied, and commonplace. Given the current manpower and resource limitations of the national military, the US will likely continue its extensive use of PMCs in support of military operations. This work addresses historical precedents and trends in American logistics, the current scope of contractor involvement in support of regular military forces, and the challenges posed as traditional military institutions integrate increasing numbers of civilian workers and privately owned assets into the battlespace. These problems increase the risk to US personnel and can induce budget overruns rather than savings, disrupt civil-military relations, and have detrimental consequences for the American economy and society. The work concludes by proposing a useful rubric to evaluate this new American way of war. This work considers PMCs and their interdependence with regular and reserve military units in a broad sense. It derives from unclassified material widely available; understandably, these sources limit the analysis. Lessons learned from the Operation IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) and Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) theaters may alter findings. However, this study endeavors to frame the continuing dialog concerning the appropriate use of PMCs to support regular troops."--Abstract from DTIC web site.


Contractors on Deployed Military Operations

Contractors on Deployed Military Operations
Author: Matthew Uttley
Publisher:
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2005
Genre: Civil-military relations
ISBN:

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Department of Defense (DoD) initiatives to use contractors on deployed military operations remains a contentious issue in U.S. military transformation. Despite the intense debates surrounding the benefits and costs of DoD outsourcing, little attention has focussed on a similar Ministry of Defence (MoD) initiatives underway in the United Kingdom. Since the UK and United States are likely to remain close allies in future expeditionary deployments, the MoD's approach to contractor support is a salient case study for the DoD and U.S. armed services. The author examines the controversies surrounding deployed contractor support, the ways that the MoD has harnessed private sector capacity, and the lessons this provides for U.S. policymakers and military planners. In doing so, he provides important insights into a significant theme in contemporary defense and security policy. --


Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield

Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield
Author: U. S. Army U.S. Army War College
Publisher: CreateSpace
Total Pages: 26
Release: 2015-04-24
Genre:
ISBN: 9781511861236

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The U. S. Military is becoming increasingly dependent upon civilian commercial contractors to provide logistical support on the battlefield. Despite the current military philosophy on outsourcing, the increasing dependence of our war fighters on this support, the emphasis on partnership with the commercial industry, the Army and Joint Vision statements which stress "Focused Logistics" and "On Time Delivery", and the demands for multinational and host nation logistics support, these concepts and the use of civilians on the Battlefield remain highly volatile issues.. Little definitive policy guidance and training are provided. Commanders' and war fighter's attitudes and training remain entrenched in the" Iron Mountain" paradigm. Contractor loyalty to the "almighty dollar" as opposed to support for/of the front-line soldier remains serious questions which will be difficult to test in a non-warfare environment. Budgetary constraints as well as technological advances will continue to drive policy in this direction and put pressure on the Logistics community to provide the necessary support. However, can we depend on paid contractors to meet the demands and face the stresses that our current military and non-contractor logicians face? Failure in this area is not an option. Our American fighting forces require, deserve, and must have the best support to defeat any prospective enemy on any battlefield. This analysis will endeavor to address these issues and proposed solutions for ensuring the support necessary to help our soldiers maintain, survive, and win on the modem battlefield.


Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield

Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield
Author: Ronda G. Urey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2005
Genre: Contracting out
ISBN:

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The growing dependence on contractors in today's nonlinear battlefield, combined with its explicit inclusion stated in the current military strategy, provides the need to critically examine the subject of contractors on the battlefield. To bound this complex area of study, this paper will briefly discuss the background of contractor support to the military and review the current policies and doctrine involving logistical services provided by contractors in combat operations, specifically focused on the United States Army. It will then concentrate on the challenges of managing contractors on the battlefield as well as identifying the associated legal issues. Lastly, the paper looks ahead to the Department of Defense's ongoing efforts to better manage contingency contractor personnel providing support to U.S. military forces in combat environments. The paper concludes with an assessment of the adequacy of draft Defense policies and instructions and provides recommendations on actions the Department of Defense should take to establish policies and instructions to ensure a seamless partnership between the military force and the civilian contingency contractors.