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How Chiefs Became Kings

How Chiefs Became Kings
Author: Patrick Vinton Kirch
Publisher: University of California Press
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2019-05-07
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0520303393

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In How Chiefs Became Kings, Patrick Vinton Kirch addresses a central problem in anthropological archaeology: the emergence of “archaic states” whose distinctive feature was divine kingship. Kirch takes as his focus the Hawaiian archipelago, commonly regarded as the archetype of a complex chiefdom. Integrating anthropology, linguistics, archaeology, traditional history, and theory, and drawing on significant contributions from his own four decades of research, Kirch argues that Hawaiian polities had become states before the time of Captain Cook’s voyage (1778-1779). The status of most archaic states is inferred from the archaeological record. But Kirch shows that because Hawai`i’s kingdoms were established relatively recently, they could be observed and recorded by Cook and other European voyagers. Substantive and provocative, this book makes a major contribution to the literature of precontact Hawai`i and illuminates Hawai`i’s importance in the global theory and literature about divine kingship, archaic states, and sociopolitical evolution.


The Guitar

The Guitar
Author: Chris Gibson
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 291
Release: 2021-05-05
Genre: Music
ISBN: 022676396X

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"Guitars inspire cult-like devotion: an afficionado can tell you precisely when and where their favorite instruments were made. And she will likely also tell you about the wood they were made from and its unique effects on the instruments' sound. In Following Guitars, Chris Gibson and Andrew Warren trace guitars all the way back to the tree. It is a book about musical instrument making, the timbers and trees from which guitars are made. It chronicles the authors' journeys across the world, to guitar festivals, factories, remote sawmills, Indigenous lands, and distant rainforests, in search of the behind-the-scenes stories of how guitars are made, where the much-cherished guitar timbers ultimately come from, and the people and skills involved along the way. The authors are able to unlock insights on longer arcs of world history: on the human exploitation of nature, colonialism, industrial capitalism, and cultural change. They end on a parable of wider resonance: of the incredible but unappreciated skill and care that goes into growing and felling trees, milling timber, and making enchanted musical instruments; set against the human tendency to reform our use (and abuse) of natural resources only when it appears too late"--


Sharks upon the Land

Sharks upon the Land
Author: Seth Archer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2018-04-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 1107174562

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A study of colonialism and indigenous health in Hawaiʻi, highlighting cultural change over time.


Minor Majesties

Minor Majesties
Author: Associate Professor of History and Archaeology of the Indian World Valérie Gillet
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2024
Genre: History
ISBN: 0197757715

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Minor Majesties studies the small ancient kingdom of Pa?uvūr, active between the ninth and the eleventh centuries C.E. in the modern South-Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Author Valérie Gillet extensively surveys four temples dedicated to the god Śiva that were built during this period, combining in-depth analyses of their materiality, their location, and their epigraphy. Through these, Gillet provides a better understanding of the complexities related to temple sponsorship, organisation, and functioning as well as how these religious monuments became a place for the fabrication of political discourses and powers, specific social configurations, and religious practices.Â


Minor Majesties

Minor Majesties
Author: Val?rie Gillet
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2024-07-19
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 0197757731

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Minor Majesties studies the small ancient kingdom of Pa?uv?r, a town located on the northern bank of the K?v?ri river, about 30 kilometers north of Tanjavur. Today, the town is divided in two distinct villages, K??appa?uv?r and M?lappa?uv?r, but between the ninth and the eleventh centuries C.E., Pa?uv?r was the capital of the dynasty of the Pa?uv???araiyars, a minor dynasty of "little kings" who swore allegiance to the C??a dynasty. Today, Pa?uv?r is divided in two distinct villages, K??appa?uv?r and M?lappa?uv?r, and four temples dedicated to the god ?iva built during the reign of the little kings remain standing. In Minor Majesties, author Val?rie Gillet surveys, translates, and analyzes 136 Tamil transcriptions spread across these temples, scrutinizing in depth each one's materiality, location, and epigraphy for the first time. Through these analyses, Gillet brings forth a better understanding of the functioning of the minor dynasty of the Pa?uv???araiyars whose little kings often appear in the inscriptions of the temples, as well as the interactions between the temples and their patronizing communities. The small size of Pa?uv?r with its hub of still-standing monuments permits an exceptionally clear overview of the possible relations between distinct temples, allowing readers to unpick complexities related to temple sponsorship, organisation, and functioning. The study of Pa?uv?r also reveals how these religious monuments?accruing wealth but, in exchange, enabling donors to accrue merit and power?became a place for the fabrication of political discourses and powers, specific social configurations, and religious practices.


A Primer on Chiefs and Chiefdoms

A Primer on Chiefs and Chiefdoms
Author: Timothy Earle
Publisher: Eliot Werner Publications
Total Pages: 185
Release: 2021-12-31
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1734281855

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Chiefs are political operatives who hold titles of leadership over groups larger than intimate kin-based communities. Although they rule with the consent of their group, they are all about building personal power and respect. Many scholars have viewed chiefs as problem solvers--defending groups against aggressors, resolving disputes, providing support under hardship, organizing labor for community projects, and redistributing goods among those in need. Chiefs do these things, but much of what chiefs do is accumulate benefits for themselves, staying in power and legitimizing control. Anthropological archaeology is well suited to pursue the study of chiefs, their leadership institutions (chiefdoms), and long-term historical processes. The author argues that studying chiefdoms is essential to understanding the role of elemental powers in social evolution. As an illustration, he studies chiefs and their power strategies in historically independent prehistoric and traditional societies and discusses how they continue to exist as powerful actors within modern states.


Can Democracy Survive in the 21st Century?

Can Democracy Survive in the 21st Century?
Author: Ronald M. Glassman
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2021-07-05
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 303076821X

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This book analyzes the many threats to democracy that exist in the 21st century and tries to understand how democracy can survive economic, social and political crises. It focuses on issues of oligarchy, tyranny, totalitarianism, and ochlocracy. It discusses how these forms of governance manifested themselves in ancient and medieval worlds, and how socio-economic transitions in the 21st century have created conditions that increasingly pose similar threats to modern democracy. The author discusses broad transitions in the contemporary world: economic transition to advanced, high technology capitalism; cultural transition from traditional religious and family values to norms focusing on racial equality, gender and transgender equality and liberation, and multiculturalism; also, transition from the traditional religious worldview to rational-scientific worldview, and from religious morality to secular humanist ethics. These taken together undergird the political transition from traditional authority, involving monarchy and aristocracy, to rational-legal authority, involving constitutional law and democratic participation. The book shows, through extensive country discussions, that whenever these transitions become difficult, undemocratic forms of governance may emerge and override democracy. Authored by an expert in the field, this book touches upon an especially topical theme in the contemporary world and is of interest to a wide readership across the social sciences, from researchers and students to discerning laypersons.


Journal of the Switchmen's Union

Journal of the Switchmen's Union
Author: Switchmen's Union of North America
Publisher:
Total Pages: 850
Release: 1909
Genre: Railroads
ISBN:

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Railway Carmen's Journal

Railway Carmen's Journal
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 800
Release: 1910
Genre: Railroads
ISBN:

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A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books

A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books
Author: Cyril Lemieux
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2023-08-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0262374390

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An intellectual history of the social sciences that offers a library of 101 books that broke new ground for the field. What are the social sciences? What unifies them? This essay collection seeks to answer these and other important questions as it considers how the field has developed over the years, from post–World War II to the present day throughout the world. Edited by Cyril Lemieux, Laurent Berger, Marielle Macé, Gildas Salmon, and Cécile Vidal, A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books brings together a diverse range of researchers in the social sciences to present short essays on 101 books—both renowned and lesser known—that have shaped the field, from Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) to Michel Aglietta’s Money: 5000 Years of Debt and Power (2016). While there have been surveys and intellectual histories of particular disciplines within the social sciences (history, anthropology, sociology), until now there has been no intellectual history of the social sciences as a unified whole. Far from presenting a fixed and frozen canon, A History of the Social Sciences in 101 Books offers instead a moving, multiform landscape with no settled questions, only an ongoing series of new perspectives and challenges to previously established grounding.