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A Unified Approach for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing

A Unified Approach for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing
Author: Mukund Sivaraman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 164
Release: 2012-09-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1441985786

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Large system complexities and operation under tight timing constraints in rapidly shrinking technologies have made it extremely important to ensure correct temporal behavior of modern-day digital circuits, both before and after fabrication. Research in (pre-fabrication) timing verification and (post-fabrication) delay fault testing has evolved along largely disjoint lines in spite of the fact that they share many basic concepts. A Unified Approach for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing applies concepts developed in the context of delay fault testing to path sensitization, which allows an accurate timing analysis mechanism to be developed. This path sensitization strategy is further applied for efficient delay fault diagnosis and delay fault coverage estimation. A new path sensitization strategy called Signal Stabilization Time Analysis (SSTA) has been developed based on the fact that primitive PDFs determine the stabilization time of the circuit outputs. This analysis has been used to develop a feasible method of identifying the primitive PDFs in a general multi-level logic circuit. An approach to determine the maximum circuit delay using this primitive PDF identification mechanism is also presented. The Primitive PDF Identification-based Timing Analysis (PITA) approach is proved to determine the maximum floating mode circuit delay exactly under any component delay model, and provides several advantages over previously floating mode timing analyzers. A framework for the diagnosis of circuit failures caused by distributed path delay faults is also presented. A metric to quantify the diagnosability of a path delay fault for a test is also proposed. Finally, the book presents a very realistic metric for delay fault coverage which accounts for delay fault size distributions and is applicable to any delay fault model. A Unified Approach for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing will be of interest to university and industry researchers in timing analysis and delay fault testing as well as EDA tool development engineers and design verification engineers dealing with timing issues in ULSI circuits. The book should also be of interest to digital designers and others interested in knowing the state of the art in timing verification and delay fault testing.


Signal Stabilization Analysis for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing

Signal Stabilization Analysis for Timing Verification and Delay Fault Testing
Author: Mukund Sivaraman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 107
Release: 1997
Genre: Electronic circuit design
ISBN:

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Abstract: "Present-day digital systems are characterized by large complexity, operation under tight timing constraints, numerous false paths, and large variations in component delays. In such a scenario, it is very important to ensure correct temporal behavior of these circuits, both before and after fabrication. For combinational circuits, it has been shown that it is necessary and sufficient to guarantee that the primitive path delay faults (primitive PDFs) are fault-free to ensure that the circuit operates correctly for some timing constraint T and all larger timing constraints, where primitive PDFs correspond to minimal sets of paths that are singly/jointly non-robustly testable. We show that primitive PDFs determine the stabilization time of the circuit outputs, based on which we develop a feasible method to identify the primitive PDFs in a general multilevel logic circuit. We also develop an approach to determine the maximum circuit delay using this primitive PDF identification mechanism, and prove that this delay is exactly equal to the maximum circuit delay found under the floating mode of operation assumption. Our timing analysis approach provides several advantages over previously reported floating mode timing analyzers: increased accuracy in the presence of component delay correlations and signal correlations arising from fabrication process, signal propagation, and signal interaction effects; increased efficiency in situations where critical paths need to be re- identified due to component delay speedup (e.g., post-layout delay optimization). We also present a framework for the diagnosis of circuit failures caused by distributed path delay faults. This involves determining the paths/sub-paths and fabrication process parameters that caused the chip failure. A metric to quantify the diagnosability of a path delay fault for a test is also proposed. Finally, we propose a very realistic metric for delay fault coverage which accounts for delay fault size distributions and is applicable to any delay fault model. We apply this metric to estimate the true delay fault coverage of robust test sets."


Defect Oriented Testing for CMOS Analog and Digital Circuits

Defect Oriented Testing for CMOS Analog and Digital Circuits
Author: Manoj Sachdev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 317
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1475749260

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Defect oriented testing is expected to play a significant role in coming generations of technology. Smaller feature sizes and larger die sizes will make ICs more sensitive to defects that can not be modeled by traditional fault modeling approaches. Furthermore, with increased level of integration, an IC may contain diverse building blocks. Such blocks include, digital logic, PLAs, volatile and non-volatile memories, and analog interfaces. For such diverse building blocks, traditional fault modeling and test approaches will become increasingly inadequate. Defect oriented testing methods have come a long way from a mere interesting academic exercise to a hard industrial reality. Many factors have contributed to its industrial acceptance. Traditional approaches of testing modern integrated circuits (ICs) have been found to be inadequate in terms of quality and economics of test. In a globally competitive semiconductor market place, overall product quality and economics have become very important objectives. In addition, electronic systems are becoming increasingly complex and demand components of highest possible quality. Testing, in general and, defect oriented testing, in particular, help in realizing these objectives. Defect Oriented Testing for CMOS Analog and Digital Circuits is the first book to provide a complete overview of the subject. It is essential reading for all design and test professionals as well as researchers and students working in the field. `A strength of this book is its breadth. Types of designs considered include analog and digital circuits, programmable logic arrays, and memories. Having a fault model does not automatically provide a test. Sometimes, design for testability hardware is necessary. Many design for testability ideas, supported by experimental evidence, are included.' ... from the Foreword by Vishwani D. Agrawal


Defect-Oriented Testing for Nano-Metric CMOS VLSI Circuits

Defect-Oriented Testing for Nano-Metric CMOS VLSI Circuits
Author: Manoj Sachdev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 343
Release: 2007-06-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0387465472

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The 2nd edition of defect oriented testing has been extensively updated. New chapters on Functional, Parametric Defect Models and Inductive fault Analysis and Yield Engineering have been added to provide a link between defect sources and yield. The chapter on RAM testing has been updated with focus on parametric and SRAM stability testing. Similarly, newer material has been incorporated in digital fault modeling and analog testing chapters. The strength of Defect Oriented Testing for nano-Metric CMOS VLSIs lies in its industrial relevance.


Timing Verification and Synthesis of Circuits for Delay Fault Testability

Timing Verification and Synthesis of Circuits for Delay Fault Testability
Author: Kaushik Roy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 240
Release: 1990
Genre:
ISBN:

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This thesis concerns the problem of timing verification and synthesis of circuits for robust delay fault testability. The timing verification algorithm uses Register Transfer Level (RTL) descriptions to eliminate false paths (non-sensitizable) due to redundancy, reconvergent fanout, and control signal constraints. The RTL descriptions help to prune the search space because only valid paths are considered. The critical paths obtained from the timing verifier have to be tested for any delay faults. To make the robust delay test generation easier, multilevel combinational logic circuits are synthesized for delay fault testability. Given a multilevel description of a combinational logic circuit, blocked or dependent paths may be present. Blocked or dependent paths due to reconvergent fanout can destroy robustness of tests. A set of path segments called essential paths is checked for blockage or dependency, and a local transformation enhances the delay fault testability of the circuit. It has been shown that a robust delay test can be obtained as a by-product of the logic synthesis procedure.


Statistical Timing Verification and Delay Fault Detection by Formal Signal Interaction Modeling in a Multi-level Timing Simulator

Statistical Timing Verification and Delay Fault Detection by Formal Signal Interaction Modeling in a Multi-level Timing Simulator
Author: Jacques Benkoski
Publisher:
Total Pages: 90
Release: 1989
Genre: Electronic circuit design
ISBN:

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Abstract: "Modern VLSI designs are characterized by tight timing constraints, increased importance of the parasitics and large correlated variations in the process-dependent parameters. This work is focused on the development of new techniques to verify the timing behavior of the circuit under these process-dependent parameter variations and predict the location and size of the possible delay faults. The formal modeling of signal interaction presented in this thesis has allowed the formulation of conservative conditions on the validity of circuit macromodels. These conditions form the basis of efficient and accurate algorithms for multi-level simulation including dynamic level selection, fast statistical timing simulation and delay fault detection."