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Hexabromocyclododecane as a Possible Global POP

Hexabromocyclododecane as a Possible Global POP
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 91
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN: 9789289333771

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Abstract: The objective of this report is to review the relevant information on a brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in relation to the screening criteria of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and of the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution for adding new substances to these instruments. Some additional information needed in the consideration of the possible nomination of the substance as a new POP is also provided. This joint Nordic project has been prepared by consultant Johanna Peltola-Thies and supervised by a project group under Bjørg Fjeld from the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority. The project was financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers through the Nordic Chemicals Group and the Nordic Sea and Air Quality Group


Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems

Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems
Author: Baoshan Xing
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 922
Release: 2011-05-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118002113

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In contrast to the classical books which largely focus on separate, individual physicochemical and biological aspects, this book aims to integrate the frontiers of knowledge on the fundamentals and the impact of physicochemical and biological interactions and processes of AOCs in soil, sediment, water and air. The specific objectives of this book are to address: (1) fundamental biophysico-chemical processes of AOCs in the environment, (2) occurrence and distribution of AOCs in air, water, and soil, and their global cycling, (3) the state-of-the-art analytical techniques of AOCs, and (4) restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs. The book also identifies the gaps in knowledge on the subject matter and as such provides future directions to stimulate scientific research to advance the chemical science on biophysico-chemical interfacial reactions in natural habitats. By virtue of complex nature of the interactions of AOCs with different environmental components and matrixes, no single available technique and instrument is satisfactory yet for determining their fate, transport, availability, and risk in the environment. In order to fully understand the biophysico-chemical interactions and processes of AOCs in the environment, it is critical to know chemical, physical and biological properties of AOCs and their analytical techniques. The book is unique because of its multidisciplinary approach as it provides a comprehensive and integrated coverage of biophysico-chemical reactions and processes of AOCs in various environments, associated analytical techniques, and restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs.


Brominated Flame Retardants

Brominated Flame Retardants
Author: Ethel Eljarrat
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2011-04-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642192688

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Brominated flame retardants are one of the last classes of halogenated compounds that are still being produced worldwide and used in large quantities in many applications. They are used in plastics, textiles, electronic circuitry, and other materials to prevent fires. This volume covers the state-of-the-art of the analysis, fate and behaviour of brominated flame retardants. Experts in the field provide an overview of the compounds’ physico-chemical properties and uses, their occurrence in the environment and biota, advanced chemical analytical methods, degradation studies, toxicological effects and human exposure. This book is a valuable and comprehensive source of information for environmental scientists interested in brominated flame retardant issues, and for authorities and producers.


Pentabromodiphenyl Ether as a Global POP

Pentabromodiphenyl Ether as a Global POP
Author: Johanna Peltola
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2001
Genre: Environmental toxicology
ISBN: 9789289306904

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Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)
Author: Dr. Johanna Wurbs
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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In May 2013 the chemical hexabromocyclododecane, or HBCD, was identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) under the international Stockholm Convention. This means that a worldwide ban on the sale and application of the chemical will soon become effective. For a long time HBCD was the most economically significant flame retardant used in polystyrene foam for insulation materials. We have compiled information about why the chemical will no longer be used, what transitional phases are likely to be in effect in the EU, what the alternatives are, and how to dispose of insulation materials which contain HBCD.


Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals

Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals
Author: Bommanna G. Loganathan
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 658
Release: 2011-08-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439838305

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Environmental pollution by man-made persistent organic chemicals (POCs) has been a serious global issue for over half a century. POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and organisms including wildlife and humans throughout the world. They do not degrade and cause long-term effect in organisms. Exposure to certain POCs may result in serious environmental and health effects including birth defects, diminished intelligence and certain types of cancers. Therefore, POCs have been the subject of an intensive regional, national and international effort to limit their production, use, and disposal of these chemical stocks. Trend monitoring studies are essential to make clear the behavior and fate of these compounds and to protect our environment and living resources. Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals provides comprehensive coverage of spatial and temporal trends of classical and emerging contaminants in aquatic, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, including the Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems. Compiled by an international group of experts, this volume covers: Spatial and temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/DFs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), synthetic musks, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and octyl- and nonylphenols Environmental and biological matrices used for the trend studies were atmosphere, water, soil, sediment, bivalve mollusks, fish, marine mammals, terrestrial mammals, and human breast milk Spatial and temporal trend studies presented from Australia, Brazil, China, Estonia, Ghana, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Norway, Poland, Sweden, the United States, coastal and open ocean environments, and the Arctic and Antarctic regions POCs have been the subject of an intensive regional, national, and international effort to limit their production and use, and to mitigate the disposal of these chemicals. Since POCs are prevalent in air, water, soil, and tissues of organisms (including wildlife and humans) throughout the world and do not degrade, they cause long-term effects in organisms. Trend monitoring studies are essential to make clear the behavior and fate of these compounds and to protect our environment and living resources. Relevant to professionals and students alike, Global Contamination Trends of Persistent Organic Chemicals facilitates the understanding of environmental and biological behavior of these chemicals and the development of strategies for protecting the global environment for future generations.


Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate and Biological Effects

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): Analytical Techniques, Environmental Fate and Biological Effects
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 685
Release: 2015-03-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444633006

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This book focuses on those organic chemicals that are regulated by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). as well as organic chemical with the attributes of being persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to ecosystem and human beings, criteria used by the Stockholm Convention for screening POP candidates. Because of the unfavourable properties of POPs, numerous research efforts have been directed toward investigating their input sources, fate, and effects, with the help of continuously improving analytical technologies. The contributors to this book provide an integrated assessment of existing data, which will benefit both the scientific and management communities in planning further research projects and/or pollution control measures. Comprehensive overview of recent advances in analyzing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Covers input sources, fate and biological effects of POPs Contains essential information for environmental management


Pollutants of Global Concern

Pollutants of Global Concern
Author: Kanchan Kumari
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 377
Release:
Genre:
ISBN: 303150996X

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The Changing Arctic Environment

The Changing Arctic Environment
Author: David P. Stone
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2015-02-16
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1316300447

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This accessible and engagingly written book describes how national and international scientific monitoring programmes brought to light our present understanding of Arctic environmental change, and how these research results were successfully used to achieve international legal actions to lessen some of the environmental impacts. David P. Stone was intimately involved in many of these scientific and political activities. He tells a powerful story, using the metaphor of the 'Arctic Messenger' - an imaginary being warning us all of the folly of ignoring Arctic environmental change. This book will be of great interest to anyone concerned about the fate of the Arctic, including lifelong learners interested in the Arctic and the natural environment generally; students studying environmental science and policy; researchers of circumpolar studies, indigenous peoples, national and international environmental management, and environmental law; and policymakers and industry professionals looking to protect (or exploit) Arctic resources.