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Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey

Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey
Author: Ryan Gingeras
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 319
Release: 2018-01-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 0192526219

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Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey explores the history of organized crime in Turkey and the roles which gangs and gangsters have played in the making of the Turkish state and Turkish politics. Turkey's underworld, which has been at the heart of several devastating scandals over the last several decades, is strongly tied to the country's long history of opium production and heroin trafficking. As an industry at the centre of the Ottoman Empire's long transition into the modern Turkish Republic, as important as the silk road had been in earlier centuries, the modern rise of the opium and heroin trade helped to solidify and complicate long-standing relationships between state officials and criminal syndicates. Such relationships produced not only ongoing patterns of corruption, but helped fuel and enable repeated acts of state violence. Drawing upon new archival sources from the United States and Turkey, including declassified documents from the Prime Minister's Archives of the Republic of Turkey and the Central Intelligence Agency, Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey provides a critical window into how a handful of criminal syndicates played supporting roles in the making of national security politics in the contemporary Turkey. The rise of the 'Turkish mafia', from its origins in the late Ottoman period to its role in the 'deep state' revealed by the so-called Susurluk and Ergenekon scandals, is a story that mirrors troubling elements in the republic's establishment and emphasizes the transnational and comparative significance of narcotics and gangs in the country's past.


Sorrowful Shores

Sorrowful Shores
Author: Ryan Gingeras
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 271
Release: 2009-02-26
Genre: History
ISBN: 019160979X

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The Turkish Republic was formed out of immense bloodshed and carnage. During the decade leading up to the end of the Ottoman Empire and the ascendancy of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, virtually every town and village throughout Anatolia was wracked by intercommunal violence. Sorrowful Shores presents a unique, on-the-ground history of these bloody years of social and political transformation. Challenging the determinism associated with nationalist interpretations of Turkish history between 1912 and 1923, Ryan Gingeras delves deeper into this period of transition between empire and nation-state. Looking closely at a corner of territory immediately south of the old Ottoman capital of Istanbul, he traces the evolution of various communities of native Christians and immigrant Muslims against the backdrop of the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish War of Independence, and the Greek occupation of the region. Drawing on new sources from the Ottoman archives, Gingeras demonstrates how violence was organised at the local level. Arguing against the prevailing view of the conflict as a war between monolithic ethnic groups driven by fanaticism and ancient hatreds, he reveals instead the culpability of several competing states in fanning successive waves of bloodshed.


The Globalization of Crime

The Globalization of Crime
Author: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Publisher: UN
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2010
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9789211302950

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In The globalization of crime: a transnational organized crime threat assessment, UNODC analyses a range of key transnational crime threats, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, the illicit heroin and cocaine trades, cybercrime, maritime piracy and trafficking in environmental resources, firearms and counterfeit goods. The report also examines a number of cases where transnational organized crime and instability amplify each other to create vicious circles in which countries or even subregions may become locked. Thus, the report offers a striking view of the global dimensions of organized crime today.


The Illicit Economy in Turkey

The Illicit Economy in Turkey
Author: Mahmut Cengiz
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2019-04-26
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1498595057

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This book examines the transnational expansion of the illicit economy in Turkey and the unintended consequences of corruption scandals at the highest levels of the Turkish government that have resulted in the purging of important law enforcement and intelligence entities formerly responsible for countering terrorism and organized crime threats.


"Eat the Heart of the Infidel"

Author: Andrew Walker
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 281
Release: 2018-04-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1787380807

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Boko Haram's appetite for violence and kidnapping women has thrust them to the top of the global news agenda. In a few years they all but severed parts of Nigeria-Africa's most populous state and largest economy-from the hands of the government. When Boko Haram speaks, the world sees a grimacing ranting demagogue who taunts viewers claiming he will 'eat the heart of the infidels' and calling on Nigerians to reject their corrupt democracy and return to a 'pure' form of Islam. Thousands have been slaughtered in their campaign of purification which has evolved through a five-year bloody civil war. Civilians are trapped between the militants and the military and feel preyed upon by both. Boko Haram did not emerge fully formed. In Northern Nigeria, which has witnessed many caliphates in the past, radical ideas flourish and strange sects are common. For decades, Nigeria's politicians and oligarchs fed on the resources of a state buoyed by oil and turned public institutions into spoons for the pot. When the going was good it didn't matter. But now a new ravenous force threatens Nigeria.


Fall of the Sultanate

Fall of the Sultanate
Author: Ryan Gingeras
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2016
Genre: Osmanisches Reich
ISBN: 0199676070

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The collapse of the Ottoman Empire was by no means a singular event. After six hundred years of ruling over the peoples of North Africa, the Balkans and Middle East, the death throes of sultanate encompassed a series of wars, insurrections, and revolutions spanning the early twentieth century.This volume encompasses a full accounting of the political, economic, social, and international forces that brought about the passing of the Ottoman state. In surveying the many tragedies that transpired in the years between 1908 and 1922, Fall of the Sultanate explores the causes that eventuallyled so many to view the legacy of the Ottomans with loathing and resentment.The volume provides a retelling of this critical history as seen through the eyes of those who lived through the Ottoman collapse. Drawing upon a large gamut of sources in multiple languages, Ryan Gingeras strikes a critical balance in presenting and interpreting the most impactful experiences thatshaped the lives of the empire's last generation. The story presented here takes into account the perspectives of the empire's diverse population as well as the leaders who piloted the state to its end. In surveying the personal, communal and national struggles that defined Italy's invasion ofLibya, the Balkan War, the Great War, and the Turkish War of Independence, Fall of the Sultanate presents readers with a fresh and comprehensive exposition of how and why Ottoman imperial rule ended in bloodshed and disillusionment.


House of Heroin

House of Heroin
Author: Haroon Ullah
Publisher: HarperCollins
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020-09-15
Genre: True Crime
ISBN: 0062464019

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A disturbing inside look at the Muslim Mafia, the organized crime syndicate that controls global opiate production and trafficking—a story of corruption, terrorism, greed, and human suffering—from a veteran U.S. State Department official and former senior adviser to Secretary of State John Kerry. Today, a powerful crime organization thrives, one that may exert even more influence than the Italian Mafias fabled Five Families. Based primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan, this other Mafia is responsible for the majority of the worlds heroin production and distribution, estimated to be worth thirty to fifty billion dollars annually. In this expansive, eye-opening book, seasoned American diplomat Haroon K. Ullah draws upon his deep personal contacts and professional experience pursuing drug traffickers to examine the global struggle between Western law enforcement and this Muslim drug cartel. He reveals how, for years, the global heroin trade has been controlled by a handful of powerful Pakistani and Afghan families. These drug lords, in collusion with corrupt government officials and a newly resurgent Taliban, partner with a large trafficking and distribution syndicate to move vast quantities of poppy seed pods to processing labs in Afghanistan and Pakistan. These labs then produce the heroin and opium that is shipped to Karachi and distributed to markets in Europe and North America—and on to the streets of cities and small towns, helping to fuel the opioid crisis ravaging millions of lives. The money generated from these drugs pays for the terrorists attacking soldiers and civilians worldwide. Moving from the poppy fields of Helmand Province, Kabul, and Karachi to London and New York, The House of Heroin interweaves facts and insights with numerous powerful stories from Ullah's time in the State Department. The result is a fascinating, informed, and personal narrative of the modern drug trade—from poppy cultivation in the Middle East to small communities across the United States.


The Oxford Handbook of Global Drug History

The Oxford Handbook of Global Drug History
Author: Paul Gootenberg
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 721
Release: 2022
Genre: History
ISBN: 0190842644

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"This essay reveals how a global "New Drug History" has evolved over the past three decades, along with its latest thematic trends and possible next directions. Scholars have long studied drugs, but only in the 1990s did serious archival and global study of what are now illicit drugs emerge, largely from the influence of the anthropology of drugs on history. A series of key interdisciplinary influences are now in play beyond anthropology, among them, commodity and consumption studies, sociology, medical history, cultural studies, and transnational history. Scholars connect drugs and their changing political or cultural status to larger contexts and epochal events such as wars, empires, capitalism, modernization, or globalizing processes. As the field expands in scope, it may shift deeper into non-western perspectives, a fluid historical definition of drugs; environmental concerns; and research on cannabis and opiates sparked by their current transformations or crises"--


Historical Perspectives on Organized Crime and Terrorism

Historical Perspectives on Organized Crime and Terrorism
Author: James Windle
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 208
Release: 2018-02-20
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1317227972

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In recent years, in the context of the War on Terror and globalization, there has been an increased interest in terrorism and organized crime in academia, yet historical research into such phenomena is relatively scarce. This book resets the balance and emphasizes the importance of historical research to understanding terrorism and organized crime. This book explores historical accounts of organized crime and terrorism, drawing on research from around the world in such areas as the USA, UK, Ireland, France, Colombia, Somalia, Burma, Turkey and Trinidad and Tobago. Combining key case studies with fresh conceptualizations of organized crime and terrorism, this book reinvigorates scholarship by comparing and contrasting different historical accounts and considering their overlaps. Critical ‘lessons learned’ are drawn out from each chapter, providing valuable insights for current policy, practice and scholarship. This book is an indispensable guide for understanding the wider history of terrorism and organized crime. It maps key historical changes and trends in this area and underlines the vital importance of history in understanding critical contemporary issues. Taking an interdisciplinary approach and written by leading criminologists, historians and political scientists, this book will be of particular interest to students of terrorism/counter-terrorism, organized crime, drug policy, criminology, security studies, politics, international relations, sociology and history.


Drugs Politics

Drugs Politics
Author: Maziyar Ghiabi
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2019-06-20
Genre: History
ISBN: 1108475450

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Offers new and cutting-edge research on the role of drugs in Iranian society and government. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.