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Hands-On Large Language Models

Hands-On Large Language Models
Author: Jay Alammar
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024-12-03
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9781098150969
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AI has acquired startling new language capabilities in just the past few years. Driven by the rapid advances in deep learning, language AI systems are able to write and understand text better than ever before. This trend enables the rise of new features, products, and entire industries. With this book, Python developers will learn the practical tools and concepts they need to use these capabilities today. You'll learn how to use the power of pretrained large language models for use cases like copywriting and summarization; create semantic search systems that go beyond keyword matching; build systems that classify and cluster text to enable scalable understanding of large numbers of text documents; and use existing libraries and pretrained models for text classification, search, and clusterings. This book also shows you how to: Build advanced LLM pipelines to cluster text documents and explore the topics they belong to Build semantic search engines that go beyond keyword search with methods like dense retrieval and rerankers Learn various use cases where these models can provide value Understand the architecture of underlying Transformer models like BERT and GPT Get a deeper understanding of how LLMs are trained Optimize LLMs for specific applications with methods such as generative model fine-tuning, contrastive fine-tuning, and in-context learning

Hands-On Large Language Models

Hands-On Large Language Models
Author: Jay Alammar
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Total Pages: 449
Release: 2024-09-11
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1098150929
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AI has acquired startling new language capabilities in just the past few years. Driven by the rapid advances in deep learning, language AI systems are able to write and understand text better than ever before. This trend enables the rise of new features, products, and entire industries. With this book, Python developers will learn the practical tools and concepts they need to use these capabilities today. You'll learn how to use the power of pre-trained large language models for use cases like copywriting and summarization; create semantic search systems that go beyond keyword matching; build systems that classify and cluster text to enable scalable understanding of large amounts of text documents; and use existing libraries and pre-trained models for text classification, search, and clusterings. This book also shows you how to: Build advanced LLM pipelines to cluster text documents and explore the topics they belong to Build semantic search engines that go beyond keyword search with methods like dense retrieval and rerankers Learn various use cases where these models can provide value Understand the architecture of underlying Transformer models like BERT and GPT Get a deeper understanding of how LLMs are trained Understanding how different methods of fine-tuning optimize LLMs for specific applications (generative model fine-tuning, contrastive fine-tuning, in-context learning, etc.)

Hands-On Machine Learning with R

Hands-On Machine Learning with R
Author: Brad Boehmke
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 374
Release: 2019-11-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000730433
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Hands-on Machine Learning with R provides a practical and applied approach to learning and developing intuition into today’s most popular machine learning methods. This book serves as a practitioner’s guide to the machine learning process and is meant to help the reader learn to apply the machine learning stack within R, which includes using various R packages such as glmnet, h2o, ranger, xgboost, keras, and others to effectively model and gain insight from their data. The book favors a hands-on approach, providing an intuitive understanding of machine learning concepts through concrete examples and just a little bit of theory. Throughout this book, the reader will be exposed to the entire machine learning process including feature engineering, resampling, hyperparameter tuning, model evaluation, and interpretation. The reader will be exposed to powerful algorithms such as regularized regression, random forests, gradient boosting machines, deep learning, generalized low rank models, and more! By favoring a hands-on approach and using real word data, the reader will gain an intuitive understanding of the architectures and engines that drive these algorithms and packages, understand when and how to tune the various hyperparameters, and be able to interpret model results. By the end of this book, the reader should have a firm grasp of R’s machine learning stack and be able to implement a systematic approach for producing high quality modeling results. Features: · Offers a practical and applied introduction to the most popular machine learning methods. · Topics covered include feature engineering, resampling, deep learning and more. · Uses a hands-on approach and real world data.

Demystifying Large Language Models

Demystifying Large Language Models
Author: James Chen
Publisher: James Chen
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2024-04-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1738908461
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This book is a comprehensive guide aiming to demystify the world of transformers -- the architecture that powers Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and BERT. From PyTorch basics and mathematical foundations to implementing a Transformer from scratch, you'll gain a deep understanding of the inner workings of these models. That's just the beginning. Get ready to dive into the realm of pre-training your own Transformer from scratch, unlocking the power of transfer learning to fine-tune LLMs for your specific use cases, exploring advanced techniques like PEFT (Prompting for Efficient Fine-Tuning) and LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) for fine-tuning, as well as RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback) for detoxifying LLMs to make them aligned with human values and ethical norms. Step into the deployment of LLMs, delivering these state-of-the-art language models into the real-world, whether integrating them into cloud platforms or optimizing them for edge devices, this section ensures you're equipped with the know-how to bring your AI solutions to life. Whether you're a seasoned AI practitioner, a data scientist, or a curious developer eager to advance your knowledge on the powerful LLMs, this book is your ultimate guide to mastering these cutting-edge models. By translating convoluted concepts into understandable explanations and offering a practical hands-on approach, this treasure trove of knowledge is invaluable to both aspiring beginners and seasoned professionals. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What is AI, ML, DL, Generative AI and Large Language Model 1.2 Lifecycle of Large Language Models 1.3 Whom This Book Is For 1.4 How This Book Is Organized 1.5 Source Code and Resources 2. PYTORCH BASICS AND MATH FUNDAMENTALS 2.1 Tensor and Vector 2.2 Tensor and Matrix 2.3 Dot Product 2.4 Softmax 2.5 Cross Entropy 2.6 GPU Support 2.7 Linear Transformation 2.8 Embedding 2.9 Neural Network 2.10 Bigram and N-gram Models 2.11 Greedy, Random Sampling and Beam 2.12 Rank of Matrices 2.13 Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) 2.14 Conclusion 3. TRANSFORMER 3.1 Dataset and Tokenization 3.2 Embedding 3.3 Positional Encoding 3.4 Layer Normalization 3.5 Feed Forward 3.6 Scaled Dot-Product Attention 3.7 Mask 3.8 Multi-Head Attention 3.9 Encoder Layer and Encoder 3.10 Decoder Layer and Decoder 3.11 Transformer 3.12 Training 3.13 Inference 3.14 Conclusion 4. PRE-TRAINING 4.1 Machine Translation 4.2 Dataset and Tokenization 4.3 Load Data in Batch 4.4 Pre-Training nn.Transformer Model 4.5 Inference 4.6 Popular Large Language Models 4.7 Computational Resources 4.8 Prompt Engineering and In-context Learning (ICL) 4.9 Prompt Engineering on FLAN-T5 4.10 Pipelines 4.11 Conclusion 5. FINE-TUNING 5.1 Fine-Tuning 5.2 Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning (PEFT) 5.3 Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) 5.4 Adapter 5.5 Prompt Tuning 5.6 Evaluation 5.7 Reinforcement Learning 5.8 Reinforcement Learning Human Feedback (RLHF) 5.9 Implementation of RLHF 5.10 Conclusion 6. DEPLOYMENT OF LLMS 6.1 Challenges and Considerations 6.2 Pre-Deployment Optimization 6.3 Security and Privacy 6.4 Deployment Architectures 6.5 Scalability and Load Balancing 6.6 Compliance and Ethics Review 6.7 Model Versioning and Updates 6.8 LLM-Powered Applications 6.9 Vector Database 6.10 LangChain 6.11 Chatbot, Example of LLM-Powered Application 6.12 WebUI, Example of LLM-Power Application 6.13 Future Trends and Challenges 6.14 Conclusion REFERENCES ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Machine Learning with PyTorch and Scikit-Learn

Machine Learning with PyTorch and Scikit-Learn
Author: Sebastian Raschka
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Total Pages: 775
Release: 2022-02-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1801816387
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This book of the bestselling and widely acclaimed Python Machine Learning series is a comprehensive guide to machine and deep learning using PyTorch s simple to code framework. Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free eBook in PDF format. Key Features Learn applied machine learning with a solid foundation in theory Clear, intuitive explanations take you deep into the theory and practice of Python machine learning Fully updated and expanded to cover PyTorch, transformers, XGBoost, graph neural networks, and best practices Book DescriptionMachine Learning with PyTorch and Scikit-Learn is a comprehensive guide to machine learning and deep learning with PyTorch. It acts as both a step-by-step tutorial and a reference you'll keep coming back to as you build your machine learning systems. Packed with clear explanations, visualizations, and examples, the book covers all the essential machine learning techniques in depth. While some books teach you only to follow instructions, with this machine learning book, we teach the principles allowing you to build models and applications for yourself. Why PyTorch? PyTorch is the Pythonic way to learn machine learning, making it easier to learn and simpler to code with. This book explains the essential parts of PyTorch and how to create models using popular libraries, such as PyTorch Lightning and PyTorch Geometric. You will also learn about generative adversarial networks (GANs) for generating new data and training intelligent agents with reinforcement learning. Finally, this new edition is expanded to cover the latest trends in deep learning, including graph neural networks and large-scale transformers used for natural language processing (NLP). This PyTorch book is your companion to machine learning with Python, whether you're a Python developer new to machine learning or want to deepen your knowledge of the latest developments.What you will learn Explore frameworks, models, and techniques for machines to learn from data Use scikit-learn for machine learning and PyTorch for deep learning Train machine learning classifiers on images, text, and more Build and train neural networks, transformers, and boosting algorithms Discover best practices for evaluating and tuning models Predict continuous target outcomes using regression analysis Dig deeper into textual and social media data using sentiment analysis Who this book is for If you have a good grasp of Python basics and want to start learning about machine learning and deep learning, then this is the book for you. This is an essential resource written for developers and data scientists who want to create practical machine learning and deep learning applications using scikit-learn and PyTorch. Before you get started with this book, you’ll need a good understanding of calculus, as well as linear algebra.

Natural Language Processing with Transformers, Revised Edition

Natural Language Processing with Transformers, Revised Edition
Author: Lewis Tunstall
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2022-05-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1098136764
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Since their introduction in 2017, transformers have quickly become the dominant architecture for achieving state-of-the-art results on a variety of natural language processing tasks. If you're a data scientist or coder, this practical book -now revised in full color- shows you how to train and scale these large models using Hugging Face Transformers, a Python-based deep learning library. Transformers have been used to write realistic news stories, improve Google Search queries, and even create chatbots that tell corny jokes. In this guide, authors Lewis Tunstall, Leandro von Werra, and Thomas Wolf, among the creators of Hugging Face Transformers, use a hands-on approach to teach you how transformers work and how to integrate them in your applications. You'll quickly learn a variety of tasks they can help you solve. Build, debug, and optimize transformer models for core NLP tasks, such as text classification, named entity recognition, and question answering Learn how transformers can be used for cross-lingual transfer learning Apply transformers in real-world scenarios where labeled data is scarce Make transformer models efficient for deployment using techniques such as distillation, pruning, and quantization Train transformers from scratch and learn how to scale to multiple GPUs and distributed environments

Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow

Hands-On Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow
Author: Aurélien Géron
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
Total Pages: 851
Release: 2019-09-05
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 149203259X
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Through a series of recent breakthroughs, deep learning has boosted the entire field of machine learning. Now, even programmers who know close to nothing about this technology can use simple, efficient tools to implement programs capable of learning from data. This practical book shows you how. By using concrete examples, minimal theory, and two production-ready Python frameworks—Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow—author Aurélien Géron helps you gain an intuitive understanding of the concepts and tools for building intelligent systems. You’ll learn a range of techniques, starting with simple linear regression and progressing to deep neural networks. With exercises in each chapter to help you apply what you’ve learned, all you need is programming experience to get started. Explore the machine learning landscape, particularly neural nets Use Scikit-Learn to track an example machine-learning project end-to-end Explore several training models, including support vector machines, decision trees, random forests, and ensemble methods Use the TensorFlow library to build and train neural nets Dive into neural net architectures, including convolutional nets, recurrent nets, and deep reinforcement learning Learn techniques for training and scaling deep neural nets

Python Machine Learning

Python Machine Learning
Author: Sebastian Raschka
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Total Pages: 455
Release: 2015-09-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1783555149
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Unlock deeper insights into Machine Leaning with this vital guide to cutting-edge predictive analytics About This Book Leverage Python's most powerful open-source libraries for deep learning, data wrangling, and data visualization Learn effective strategies and best practices to improve and optimize machine learning systems and algorithms Ask – and answer – tough questions of your data with robust statistical models, built for a range of datasets Who This Book Is For If you want to find out how to use Python to start answering critical questions of your data, pick up Python Machine Learning – whether you want to get started from scratch or want to extend your data science knowledge, this is an essential and unmissable resource. What You Will Learn Explore how to use different machine learning models to ask different questions of your data Learn how to build neural networks using Keras and Theano Find out how to write clean and elegant Python code that will optimize the strength of your algorithms Discover how to embed your machine learning model in a web application for increased accessibility Predict continuous target outcomes using regression analysis Uncover hidden patterns and structures in data with clustering Organize data using effective pre-processing techniques Get to grips with sentiment analysis to delve deeper into textual and social media data In Detail Machine learning and predictive analytics are transforming the way businesses and other organizations operate. Being able to understand trends and patterns in complex data is critical to success, becoming one of the key strategies for unlocking growth in a challenging contemporary marketplace. Python can help you deliver key insights into your data – its unique capabilities as a language let you build sophisticated algorithms and statistical models that can reveal new perspectives and answer key questions that are vital for success. Python Machine Learning gives you access to the world of predictive analytics and demonstrates why Python is one of the world's leading data science languages. If you want to ask better questions of data, or need to improve and extend the capabilities of your machine learning systems, this practical data science book is invaluable. Covering a wide range of powerful Python libraries, including scikit-learn, Theano, and Keras, and featuring guidance and tips on everything from sentiment analysis to neural networks, you'll soon be able to answer some of the most important questions facing you and your organization. Style and approach Python Machine Learning connects the fundamental theoretical principles behind machine learning to their practical application in a way that focuses you on asking and answering the right questions. It walks you through the key elements of Python and its powerful machine learning libraries, while demonstrating how to get to grips with a range of statistical models.

Quick Start Guide to Large Language Models

Quick Start Guide to Large Language Models
Author: Sinan Ozdemir
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-10-20
Genre:
ISBN: 9780138199197
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The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing in recent years. Models like BERT, T5, and ChatGPT have demonstrated unprecedented performance on a wide range of NLP tasks, from text classification to machine translation. Despite their impressive performance, the use of LLMs remains challenging for many practitioners. The sheer size of these models, combined with the lack of understanding of their inner workings, has made it difficult for practitioners to effectively use and optimize these models for their specific needs. Quick Start Guide to Large Language Models: Strategies and Best Practices for using ChatGPT and Other LLMs is a practical guide to the use of LLMs in NLP. It provides an overview of the key concepts and techniques used in LLMs and explains how these models work and how they can be used for various NLP tasks. The book also covers advanced topics, such as fine-tuning, alignment, and information retrieval while providing practical tips and tricks for training and optimizing LLMs for specific NLP tasks. This work addresses a wide range of topics in the field of Large Language Models, including the basics of LLMs, launching an application with proprietary models, fine-tuning GPT3 with custom examples, prompt engineering, building a recommendation engine, combining Transformers, and deploying custom LLMs to the cloud. It offers an in-depth look at the various concepts, techniques, and tools used in the field of Large Language Models. Topics covered: Coding with Large Language Models (LLMs) Overview of using proprietary models OpenAI, Embeddings, GPT3, and ChatGPT Vector databases and building a neural/semantic information retrieval system Fine-tuning GPT3 with custom examples Prompt engineering with GPT3 and ChatGPT Advanced prompt engineering techniques Building a recommendation engine Combining Transformers Deploying custom LLMs to the cloud

A Beginner's Guide to Large Language Models

A Beginner's Guide to Large Language Models
Author: Enamul Haque
Publisher: Enamul Haque
Total Pages: 259
Release: 2024-07-25
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1445263289
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A Beginner's Guide to Large Language Models: Conversational AI for Non-Technical Enthusiasts Step into the revolutionary world of artificial intelligence with "A Beginner's Guide to Large Language Models: Conversational AI for Non-Technical Enthusiasts." Whether you're a curious individual or a professional seeking to leverage AI in your field, this book demystifies the complexities of large language models (LLMs) with engaging, easy-to-understand explanations and practical insights. Explore the fascinating journey of AI from its early roots to the cutting-edge advancements that power today's conversational AI systems. Discover how LLMs, like ChatGPT and Google's Gemini, are transforming industries, enhancing productivity, and sparking creativity across the globe. With the guidance of this comprehensive and accessible guide, you'll gain a solid understanding of how LLMs work, their real-world applications, and the ethical considerations they entail. Packed with vivid examples, hands-on exercises, and real-life scenarios, this book will empower you to harness the full potential of LLMs. Learn to generate creative content, translate languages in real-time, summarise complex information, and even develop AI-powered applications—all without needing a technical background. You'll also find valuable insights into the evolving job landscape, equipping you with the knowledge to pursue a successful career in this dynamic field. This guide ensures that AI is not just an abstract concept but a tangible tool you can use to transform your everyday life and work. Dive into the future with confidence and curiosity, and discover the incredible possibilities that large language models offer. Join the AI revolution and unlock the secrets of the technology that's reshaping our world. "A Beginner's Guide to Large Language Models" is your key to understanding and mastering the power of conversational AI. Introduction This introduction sets the stage for understanding the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs). It highlights the promise of making complex AI concepts accessible to non-technical readers and outlines the unique approach of this book. Chapter 1: Demystifying AI and LLMs: A Journey Through Time This chapter introduces the basics of AI, using simple analogies and real-world examples. It traces the evolution of AI, from rule-based systems to machine learning and deep learning, leading to the emergence of LLMs. Key concepts such as tokens, vocabulary, and embeddings are explained to build a solid foundation for understanding how LLMs process and generate language. Chapter 2: Mastering Large Language Models Delving deeper into the mechanics of LLMs, this chapter covers the transformer architecture, attention mechanisms, and the processes involved in training and fine-tuning LLMs. It includes hands-on exercises with prompts and discusses advanced techniques like chain-of-thought prompting and prompt chaining to optimise LLM performance. Chapter 3: The LLM Toolbox: Unleashing the Power of Language AI This chapter explores the diverse applications of LLMs in text generation, language translation, summarisation, question answering, and code generation. It also introduces multimodal LLMs that handle both text and images, showcasing their impact on various creative and professional fields. Practical examples and real-life scenarios illustrate how these tools can enhance productivity and creativity. Chapter 4: LLMs in the Real World: Transforming Industries Highlighting the transformative impact of LLMs across different industries, this chapter covers their role in healthcare, finance, education, creative industries, and business. It discusses how LLMs are revolutionising tasks such as medical diagnosis, fraud detection, personalised tutoring, and content creation, and explores the future of work in an AI-powered world. Chapter 5: The Dark Side of LLMs: Ethical Concerns and Challenges Addressing the ethical challenges of LLMs, this chapter covers bias and fairness, privacy concerns, misuse of LLMs, security threats, and the transparency of AI decision-making. It also discusses ethical frameworks for responsible AI development and presents diverse perspectives on the risks and benefits of LLMs. Chapter 6: Mastering LLMs: Advanced Techniques and Strategies This chapter focuses on advanced techniques for leveraging LLMs, such as combining transformers with other AI models, fine-tuning open-source LLMs for specific tasks, and building LLM-powered applications. It provides detailed guidance on prompt engineering for various applications and includes a step-by-step guide to creating an AI-powered chatbot. Chapter 7: LLMs and the Future: A Glimpse into Tomorrow Looking ahead, this chapter explores emerging trends and potential breakthroughs in AI and LLM research. It discusses ethical AI development, insights from leading AI experts, and visions of a future where LLMs are integrated into everyday life. The chapter highlights the importance of building responsible AI systems that address societal concerns. Chapter 8: Your LLM Career Roadmap: Navigating the AI Job Landscape Focusing on the growing demand for LLM expertise, this chapter outlines various career paths in the AI field, such as LLM scientists, engineers, and prompt engineers. It provides resources for building the necessary skillsets and discusses the evolving job market, emphasising the importance of continuous learning and adaptability in a rapidly changing industry. Thought-Provoking Questions, Simple Exercises, and Real-Life Scenarios The book concludes with practical exercises and real-life scenarios to help readers apply their knowledge of LLMs. It includes thought-provoking questions to deepen understanding and provides resources and tools for further exploration of LLM applications. Tools to Help with Your Exercises This section lists tools and platforms for engaging with LLM exercises, such as OpenAI's Playground, Google Translate, and various IDEs for coding. Links to these tools are provided to facilitate hands-on learning and experimentation.