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Habit Formation

Habit Formation
Author: George M. Constantinides
Publisher:
Total Pages: 37
Release: 1988
Genre: Investments
ISBN:

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Does Intrinsic Habit Formation Actually Resolve the Equity Premium Puzzle?

Does Intrinsic Habit Formation Actually Resolve the Equity Premium Puzzle?
Author: David A. Chapman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2001
Genre:
ISBN:

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Constantinides (1990) describes a simple model of intrinsic habit formation that appears to resolve the quot;equity premium puzzlequot; of Mehra and Prescott (1985). This finding is particularly important, since it has motivated a broader consideration of the implications of habit formation preferences in dynamic equilibrium models. However, consumption growth actually behaves very differently pre- and post-1948, and the explanatory power of the habit formation model is driven by the pre-1948 data. Using data from 1949 to 2000, constructed in a manner comparable to Mehra and Prescott (1985), I demonstrate that intrinsic habit cannot rationalize the unconditional moments of discrete consumption and real asset returns for value function curvature levels below (roughly) 10.75, for any feasible calibration of the model.


Habit Formation as a Possible Solution to the Equity Premium Puzzle. Does John Y. Campbell and John H. Cochrane's (1999) Explanation of Aggregated Stock Market Behaviour and the Equity Premiuum Puzzle Hold for the German Market?

Habit Formation as a Possible Solution to the Equity Premium Puzzle. Does John Y. Campbell and John H. Cochrane's (1999) Explanation of Aggregated Stock Market Behaviour and the Equity Premiuum Puzzle Hold for the German Market?
Author: Christoph Winter
Publisher:
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

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The Equity Premium Puzzle

The Equity Premium Puzzle
Author: Rajnish Mehra
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Total Pages: 97
Release: 2007-09-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1601980647

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Over two decades ago, Mehra and Prescott (1985) challenged the finance profession with a poser: the historical US equity premium is an order of magnitude greater than can be rationalized in the context of the standard neoclassical paradigm of financial economics. This regularity, dubbed "the equity premium puzzle," has spawned a plethora of research efforts to explain it away. In this review, the author takes a retrospective look at the original paper and explains the conclusion that the equity premium is not a premium for bearing non-diversifiable risk


Market Volatility

Market Volatility
Author: Robert J. Shiller
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 486
Release: 1992-01-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780262691512

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Market Volatility proposes an innovative theory, backed by substantial statistical evidence, on the causes of price fluctuations in speculative markets. It challenges the standard efficient markets model for explaining asset prices by emphasizing the significant role that popular opinion or psychology can play in price volatility. Why does the stock market crash from time to time? Why does real estate go in and out of booms? Why do long term borrowing rates suddenly make surprising shifts? Market Volatility represents a culmination of Shiller's research on these questions over the last dozen years. It contains reprints of major papers with new interpretive material for those unfamiliar with the issues, new papers, new surveys of relevant literature, responses to critics, data sets, and reframing of basic conclusions. Included is work authored jointly with John Y. Campbell, Karl E. Case, Sanford J. Grossman, and Jeremy J. Siegel. Market Volatility sets out basic issues relevant to all markets in which prices make movements for speculative reasons and offers detailed analyses of the stock market, the bond market, and the real estate market. It pursues the relations of these speculative prices and extends the analysis of speculative markets to macroeconomic activity in general. In studies of the October 1987 stock market crash and boom and post-boom housing markets, Market Volatility reports on research directly aimed at collecting information about popular models and interpreting the consequences of belief in those models. Shiller asserts that popular models cause people to react incorrectly to economic data and believes that changing popular models themselves contribute significantly to price movements bearing no relation to fundamental shocks.


From Equity Premium Puzzle to Expectations Puzzle

From Equity Premium Puzzle to Expectations Puzzle
Author: Qiang Dai
Publisher:
Total Pages: 63
Release: 2008
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper develops a general equilibrium model for a representative agent, production economy with stochastic internal habit formation. The model describes a scale-independent economy, with a unique stochastic investment opportunity set. Local correlation between the stochastic interest rate and time-varying market price of risk can be determined endogenously and leads to correct predictions on the sign and magnitude of several major empirical puzzles in both equity and bond markets. In the empirical part of the paper, we calibrate our model, simultaneously, to the equity premium puzzle, the risk-free rate puzzle, and the expectations puzzle, and show that the three puzzles are completely resolved under reasonable parameter values. Thus, we establish, conclusively, the inextricable link between the equity and bond markets, both theoretically and empirically. Our model subsumes the internal habit formation models of Sundaresan (1989) and Constantinides (1990), and, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, the external habit formation model of Campbell and Cochrane (1999).


External Habit Formation and Asset Prices

External Habit Formation and Asset Prices
Author: Julian Veil
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 22
Release: 2021-04-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3346385280

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Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,0, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Finanzen), language: English, abstract: This paper aims to explain the countercyclical behavior of the equity risk premium and the stock return volatility by introducing an external habit formation feature in the standard representative-agent consumption-based asset pricing model, in form of the so called “catching up with the Joneses” preferences. These preferences imply that the relative risk aversion of the agents in the economy is constant over time and varies across the agents, which generates an endogenous wealth process, that in turn creates a countercyclical behavior in the risk premium and the conditional stock return volatility. As the agents with lower risk aversion distribute a greater fraction of their wealth to risky assets, their wealth decreases relatively more in reaction to cyclical downturns, shifting the aggregate wealth towards more risk averse individuals. These more risk averse agents, however, demand a higher compensation for risk, leading to an increase of the aggregate equity risk premium in response to a fall in stock prices. One of the most studied topics in modern economics are the market mechanisms that lead to the determination of asset prices in an economy. The empirical research indicates that there is a link between the historically observed asset prices and macroeconomic developments. One of the most important observations are the countercyclical behavior of the equity risk premium and the stock return volatility, implying that the excess return of common stocks over the risk-free rate during business cycle troughs is significantly higher than during expansions.


Behavioral Economics and the Equity Premium Puzzle. Which Solutions Do Rational Economist Suggest?

Behavioral Economics and the Equity Premium Puzzle. Which Solutions Do Rational Economist Suggest?
Author:
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 24
Release: 2021-06-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3346428869

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Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.7, University of Hamburg, language: English, abstract: The work investigates the Equity Premium Puzzle as described by Siegel and Thaler in 1997. Investigations in the thesis are centered around the question of how behavioral economics can explain the anomalies of stock markets and the equity premium. As the research question implies, this work will examine solutions of the puzzle suggested from both the field of rational economics and behavioral economics. Due to a large number of various approaches to explain the puzzle over the past 30 years, this work will concentrate on a selected number of suggestions from various economists. I will examine assumptions and conditions of the solutions suggested, and analyze key theories applied in the resolutions. The quantitative foundation of models analyzed in this work will not be examined, as this would require detailed statistical and mathematical considerations. The work is structured as follows. I will to begin with outline the initial puzzle stated by Mehra and Prescott in 1985 and analyze key assumptions of their equilibrium model. Different resolutions of the puzzle suggested by rational and behavioral economics will then be examined, followed by an investigation of the empirical evidence behind the proposed solutions. A discussion will follow, and the author will reflect on the robustness and relevance of the puzzle. A conclusion will sum up the key elements of the work.