Groupthink Versus High Quality Decision Making In International Relations PDF Download
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Author | : Mark Schafer |
Publisher | : Columbia University Press |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 2010-04-22 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0231520182 |
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Are good and bad outcomes significantly affected by the decision-making process itself? Indeed they are, in that certain decision-making techniques and practices limit the ability of policymakers to achieve their goals and advance the national interest. The success of policy often turns on the quality of the decision-making process. Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow identify the factors that contribute to good and bad policymaking, such as the personalities of political leaders, the structure of decision-making groups, and the nature of the exchange between participating individuals. Analyzing thirty-nine foreign-policy cases across nine administrations and incorporating both statistical analyses and case studies, including a detailed examination of the decision to invade Iraq in 2003, the authors pinpoint the factors that are likely to lead to successful or failed decision making, and they suggest ways to improve the process. Schafer and Crichlow show how the staffing of key offices and the structure of central decision-making bodies determine the path of an administration even before topics are introduced. Additionally, they link the psychological characteristics of leaders to the quality of their decision processing. There is no greater work available on understanding and improving the dynamics of contemporary decision making.
Author | : Paul 't Hart |
Publisher | : University of Michigan Press |
Total Pages | : 396 |
Release | : 1997-04-14 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 9780472066537 |
Download Beyond Groupthink Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
DIVEffects of group dynamics on decision making /div
Author | : Alex Mintz |
Publisher | : Stanford University Press |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2016-01-20 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0804796777 |
Download The Polythink Syndrome Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Why do presidents and their advisors often make sub-optimal decisions on military intervention, escalation, de-escalation, and termination of conflicts? The leading concept of group dynamics, groupthink, offers one explanation: policy-making groups make sub-optimal decisions due to their desire for conformity and uniformity over dissent, leading to a failure to consider other relevant possibilities. But presidential advisory groups are often fragmented and divisive. This book therefore scrutinizes polythink, a group decision-making dynamic whereby different members in a decision-making unit espouse a plurality of opinions and divergent policy prescriptions, resulting in a disjointed decision-making process or even decision paralysis. The book analyzes eleven national security decisions, including the national security policy designed prior to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the decisions to enter into and withdraw from Afghanistan and Iraq, the 2007 "surge" decision, the crisis over the Iranian nuclear program, the UN Security Council decision on the Syrian Civil War, the faltering Kerry Peace Process in the Middle East, and the U.S. decision on military operations against ISIS. Based on the analysis of these case studies, the authors address implications of the polythink phenomenon, including prescriptions for avoiding and/or overcoming it, and develop strategies and tools for what they call Productive Polythink. The authors also show the applicability of polythink to business, industry, and everyday decisions.
Author | : Paul 't Hart |
Publisher | : University of Michigan Press |
Total Pages | : 390 |
Release | : 2010-03-25 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0472022776 |
Download Beyond Groupthink Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Strategic issues and crises in foreign policy are usually managed by relatively small groups of elite policymakers and their closest advisors. Since the pioneering work of Irving Janis in the early 1970s, we have known that the interplay between the members of these groups can have a profound and, indeed, at times a pernicious influence on the content and quality of foreign policy decisions. Janis argued that "groupthink," a term he used to describe a tendency for extreme concurrence-seeking in decision-making groups, was a major cause of a number of U.S. foreign policy fiascoes. And yet not all small groups suffer from groupthink; in fact many high-level bodies are handicapped by an inability to achieve consensus at all. Beyond Groupthink builds upon and extends Janis's legacy. The contributors develop a richer understanding of group dynamics by drawing on alternate views of small-group dynamics. The relevant literature is reviewed and the different perspectives are explored in detailed case studies. The contributors link the group process to the broader organizational and political context of the policy process and stress the need to develop a multi-level understanding of the collegial policy-making process, combining the insights drawn from micro-level theories with those derived from study of broader political phenomena. The contributors include Alexander George, Sally Riggs Fuller, Paul D. Hoyt, Ramon J. Aldag, Max V. Metselaar, Bertjan Verbeek, J. Thomas Preston, Jean A. Garrison, and Yaacov Y. I. Vertzberger. This book should appeal to political scienctists and international relations specialists, as well as researchers in social psychology, public administration, and management interested in group decision-making processes. Paul 't Hart is Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Leiden University and Scientific Director of of the Leiden-Rotterdam Crisis Research Center. Eric Stern is Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University. Bengt Sundelius is Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University.
Author | : Richard Ned Lebow |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 215 |
Release | : 2020-10-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1108911129 |
Download Ethics and International Relations Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Lebow demonstrates that foreign policies consistent with generally accepted ethical norms are more likely to succeed, and those at odds with them to fail. Constructing original data sets and analyzing multiple case studies, Lebow makes an empirical case for ethics in international relations. His approach looks to create a productive dialogue between those who ask primarily 'ought' questions and those who pose 'is' questions. The former want to establish appropriate criteria for the behaviour of state and non-state actors and the discourses that lead to their policy decisions, whereas scholars who pose 'is' questions are concerned with how political actors behave and the principles and assumptions that might explain their behaviour. Lebow bridges the gap between 'is' and 'ought' questions by making an instrumental argument in favour of ethical foreign policy. He examines policymaking as well as policy, offering ethical guidelines for policymaking that are likely to result in more successful policies.
Author | : Irving Lester Janis |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 392 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Irving Lester Janis |
Publisher | : Houghton Mifflin |
Total Pages | : 298 |
Release | : 1972 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
Download Victims of Groupthink Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Janis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink, the process that takes over when decision-making bodies agree for the sake of agreeing to abandon their critical judgment.
Author | : R. Snyder |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 186 |
Release | : 2003-01-03 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0230107524 |
Download Foreign Policy Decision-Making (Revisited) Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This classic work has helped shape the field of international relations and especially influenced scholars interested in how foreign policy is made. At a time when conventional wisdom and traditional approaches are being questioned, and when there is increased interest in the importance of process, the insights of Snyder, Bruck and Sapin have continuing and increased relevance. Prescient in its focus on the effects on foreign policy of individuals and their preconceptions, organizations and their procedures, and cultures and their values, "Foreign Policy Decision-Making" is of continued relevance for anyone seeking to understand the ways foreign policy is made. Their seminal framework is here complemented by two new chapters examining its influence on generations of scholars, the current state of the field, and areas for future research.
Author | : Paul ‘t Hart |
Publisher | : Johns Hopkins University Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1994-09-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780801848902 |
Download Groupthink in Government Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Why do groups of talented and experienced individuals make disastrously bad collective judgments, such as the Kennedy administration's flawed decision to proceed with the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961? In his pioneering research on collective decision making, Irving Janis introduced the concept of "groupthink"—a deliberately Orwellian neologism—to describe such occurrences. Now, in the first book-length study of groupthink since Janis's work, Paul 't Hart has provided a rigorous and systematic version of this influential theory which opens several new avenues for research.
Author | : Klaus (Professor of International Relations Brummer, Catholic University of Eichstatt-Ingolstadt) |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 365 |
Release | : 2024-02 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 0192857452 |
Download Foreign Policy Analysis Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle