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Gödel's Theorems and Zermelo's Axioms

Gödel's Theorems and Zermelo's Axioms
Author: Lorenz Halbeisen
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2020-10-16
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3030522792

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This book provides a concise and self-contained introduction to the foundations of mathematics. The first part covers the fundamental notions of mathematical logic, including logical axioms, formal proofs and the basics of model theory. Building on this, in the second and third part of the book the authors present detailed proofs of Gödel’s classical completeness and incompleteness theorems. In particular, the book includes a full proof of Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem which states that it is impossible to prove the consistency of arithmetic within its axioms. The final part is dedicated to an introduction into modern axiomatic set theory based on the Zermelo’s axioms, containing a presentation of Gödel’s constructible universe of sets. A recurring theme in the whole book consists of standard and non-standard models of several theories, such as Peano arithmetic, Presburger arithmetic and the real numbers. The book addresses undergraduate mathematics students and is suitable for a one or two semester introductory course into logic and set theory. Each chapter concludes with a list of exercises.


An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems

An Introduction to Gödel's Theorems
Author: Peter Smith
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 376
Release: 2007-07-26
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0521857848

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Peter Smith examines Gödel's Theorems, how they were established and why they matter.


Gödel's Theorem in Focus

Gödel's Theorem in Focus
Author: Stuart Shanker
Publisher: Psychology Press
Total Pages: 272
Release: 1989
Genre: Gödel's theorem
ISBN: 0415045754

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A layman's guide to the mechanics of Gödel's proof together with a lucid discussion of the issues which it raises. Includes an essay discussing the significance of Gödel's work in the light of Wittgenstein's criticisms.


Incompleteness and Computability

Incompleteness and Computability
Author: Richard Zach
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2017-06-15
Genre:
ISBN: 9781548138080

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A textbook on recursive function theory and G�del's incompleteness theorems. Also covers models of arithmetic and second-order logic.


Principia Mathematica

Principia Mathematica
Author: Alfred North Whitehead
Publisher:
Total Pages: 696
Release: 1910
Genre: Logic, Symbolic and mathematical
ISBN:

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Forever Undecided

Forever Undecided
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Knopf
Total Pages: 286
Release: 2012-07-04
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0307962466

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Forever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!


Combinatorial Set Theory

Combinatorial Set Theory
Author: Lorenz J. Halbeisen
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 594
Release: 2017-12-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3319602314

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This book, now in a thoroughly revised second edition, provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to modern set theory. Following an overview of basic notions in combinatorics and first-order logic, the author outlines the main topics of classical set theory in the second part, including Ramsey theory and the axiom of choice. The revised edition contains new permutation models and recent results in set theory without the axiom of choice. The third part explains the sophisticated technique of forcing in great detail, now including a separate chapter on Suslin’s problem. The technique is used to show that certain statements are neither provable nor disprovable from the axioms of set theory. In the final part, some topics of classical set theory are revisited and further developed in light of forcing, with new chapters on Sacks Forcing and Shelah’s astonishing construction of a model with finitely many Ramsey ultrafilters. Written for graduate students in axiomatic set theory, Combinatorial Set Theory will appeal to all researchers interested in the foundations of mathematics. With extensive reference lists and historical remarks at the end of each chapter, this book is suitable for self-study.


On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems

On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
Author: Kurt Gödel
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2012-05-24
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0486158403

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First English translation of revolutionary paper (1931) that established that even in elementary parts of arithmetic, there are propositions which cannot be proved or disproved within the system. Introduction by R. B. Braithwaite.


Godel's Incompleteness Theorems

Godel's Incompleteness Theorems
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 156
Release: 1992-08-20
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0195364376

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Kurt Godel, the greatest logician of our time, startled the world of mathematics in 1931 with his Theorem of Undecidability, which showed that some statements in mathematics are inherently "undecidable." His work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum theory brought him further worldwide fame. In this introductory volume, Raymond Smullyan, himself a well-known logician, guides the reader through the fascinating world of Godel's incompleteness theorems. The level of presentation is suitable for anyone with a basic acquaintance with mathematical logic. As a clear, concise introduction to a difficult but essential subject, the book will appeal to mathematicians, philosophers, and computer scientists.


Principles of Mathematical Logic

Principles of Mathematical Logic
Author: D. Hilbert
Publisher: American Mathematical Society
Total Pages: 187
Release: 2022-05-11
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 147047056X

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David Hilbert was particularly interested in the foundations of mathematics. Among many other things, he is famous for his attempt to axiomatize mathematics. This now classic text is his treatment of symbolic logic. This translation is based on the second German edition and has been modified according to the criticisms of Church and Quine. In particular, the authors' original formulation of Gödel's completeness proof for the predicate calculus has been updated. In the first half of the twentieth century, an important debate on the foundations of mathematics took place. Principles of Mathematical Logic represents one of Hilbert's important contributions to that debate. Although symbolic logic has grown considerably in the subsequent decades, this book remains a classic.