Global Value Chain Participation And The Relative Demand For Skilled Labour In East Asia PDF Download
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Author | : Deborah Winkler |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Global Value Chain Participation and the Relative Demand for Skilled Labour in East Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Ben Shepherd |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Business |
ISBN | : |
Download Global Value Chains and Developing Country Employment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This paper provides a review of the available literature on global value chains (GVCs) and employment markets in developing countries. Due to the difficulty of observing intra-GVC transactions, there is very little direct empirical work on GVCs and labour markets. However, it is possible to extrapolate from the extensive empirical work already undertaken on firm internationalisation and labour markets to draw inferences as to the likely impacts of GVCs. The review therefore focuses on the labour market impacts of three processes that lie at the core of GVC development: importing, exporting, and foreign direct investment (FDI). It examines their impact on labour demand and wages, and disaggregates the effects whenever possible by skill level. The available empirical evidence strongly suggests that the type of activities undertaken by GVC participants influence labour market outcomes. For instance, many GVC firms are vectors of technological upgrading that in turn increases the relative demand for skilled labour. In these cases, GVC participation is linked to higher relative wages for skilled workers, but also greater wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. The evidence on outcomes is more mixed as regards pure processing trade (assembly), however: the limited data available on firms engaged purely in these activities suggests that they do not systematically pay higher wages than domestic firms, which is the reverse of the finding for foreign-owned firms, exporters, and importers in general. The labour market effects of GVCs in developing countries are therefore likely to be broadly positive, but highly case specific. The review therefore concludes with two case studies--electronics in Asia and services in Chile--that demonstrate the complexity of the issues involved, and the role of complementary policies in areas such as human capital development.
Author | : World Trade Organization |
Publisher | : World Trade Organization |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9789287041258 |
Download Measuring and Analyzing the Impact of GVCs on Economic Development Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This report is about a huge contribution to our deepening understanding of what the global economy really means and how it is changing. The report helpfully distinguishes elements of an economy that are tradable and the large set that are non-tradable. Clearly the tradables set is expanding with the support of enabling technology. The report argues that connectivity in the networks that define the evolving architecture of GVCs is important. This Global Value Chain Development Report is the result of intensive and detailed work in assembling and analyzing data on the structure of economies and on how they are linked. It creates a much clearer picture of evolving patterns of independence. It also presents a much clearer picture of comparative advantage. --Publisher description.
Author | : World Bank |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 511 |
Release | : 2019-11-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464814953 |
Download World Development Report 2020 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author | : World Trade Organization |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 128 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Author | : Banque asiatique de développement |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022-01-25 |
Genre | : Business logistics |
ISBN | : 9789287054296 |
Download Global Value Chain Development Report 2021 Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A radical shift is underway in global value chains as they increasingly move beyond traditional manufacturing processes to services and other intangible assets. Digitization is a leading factor in this transformation, which is being accelerated by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The Global Value Chain Development Report, the third of a biennial series, explores this shift beyond production. The report shows how the rise of services value chains offers a new path to development and how protectionism and geopolitical tensions, environmental risks, and pandemics are undermining the stability of global value chains and forcing their reorganization geographically. It is co-published by the WTO, the Asian Development Bank, the Research Institute for Global Value Chains at the University of International Business and Economics, the Institute of Developing Economies, and the China Development Research Foundation.
Author | : Christian Viegelahn |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2023 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9789220390979 |
Download Jobs and Global Supply Chains in South-East Asia Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
South-East Asia has become a key player in global supply chains (GSCs) during recent decades, and the region's participation in GSCs has had a profound impact on labour markets. This paper presents new 2000-2021 estimates of the number of GSC-related jobs in the region, with an estimated 75 million workers linked to GSCs in 2021-or more than one in four workers. Over time, the region has become increasingly dependent on GSCs for employment despite some short periods of sharp volatility and setbacks, including in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper also presents the results of an econometric analysis, finding that the region's increased GSC participation was associated with some important, albeit mixed, progress in improving job quality. While deeper GSC integration was robustly tied to a rapid decline in working poverty and gains in labour productivity, it also shows that a positive relationship between increased GSC participation and greater wage employment, high-skill employment, and female employment was limited to specific sectors. Several policies could strengthen the links between GSCs and decent work. These include well-designed social protection and labour market policies, and investments in a broad range of skills that allow countries to shift into higher value-added segments of a value chain. Also, deep trade agreements, which increasingly include labour provisions, can help strengthen the link between increased GSC participation and decent work.
Author | : Patrick Low |
Publisher | : World Scientific |
Total Pages | : 784 |
Release | : 2016-06-21 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9813141476 |
Download Services In Global Value Chains: Manufacturing-related Services Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
This compilation of 22 firm-specific case studies is an important contribution to the discussion of 'servicification' trends in manufacturing. 'Services have increased in importance and value in many manufacturing value chains, making companies that produce physical products look more like service enterprises. What services do global value chains use in their operations, how important are they and how do economic policies shape firms' configurations, operations, and location of global value chains? This book addresses these questions and more.The interviewed firms, based in 12 APEC economies, come from different sectors ranging from multinational automotive, construction equipment, and electrical appliance manufacturers to small and medium manufacturers of watches or chemical for water treatment. The book analyses what specific services are important in different stages of the value chain, and whether they are typically provided in-house or outsourced.
Author | : Ms.Faezeh Raei |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 31 |
Release | : 2019-01-18 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484395484 |
Download Global Value Chains: What are the Benefits and Why Do Countries Participate? Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
Over the last two decades, world trade and production have become increasingly organized around global value chains (GVC). Recent theoretical work has shown that countries can benefit from participation in GVCs through multiple channels. However, little is known empirically about the economic importance of supply chains. We use the Eora MRIO database to compute different measures of GVC participation for 189 countries and illustrate global patterns of supply chains as well as their evolution over time in order to contribute to this topic. We find that GVC-related trade, rather than conventional trade, has a positive impact on income per capita and productivity, however there is large heterogeneity and the gains appear more signifcant for upper-middle and high-income countries. We document that “moving up” to more high-tech sectors while participating in major supply chains does take place but is not universal, suggesting other factors matter. We confirm the findings of the standard gravity literature for GVC trade; highlighting the key role of institutional features such as contract enforcement and the quality of infrastructure as determinants of GVC participation.
Author | : Deborah Kay Elms |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 409 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9789287038821 |
Download Global Value Chains in a Changing World Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle
A collection of papers by some of the world's leading specialists on global value chains (GVCs). It examines how GVCs have evolved and the challenges they face in a rapidly changing world. The approach is multi-disciplinary, with contributions from economists, political scientists, supply chain management specialists, practitioners and policy-makers. Co-published with the Fung Global Institute and the Temasek